48 research outputs found
Cost effectiveness of personalized treatment in women with early breast cancer: the application of OncotypeDX and Adjuvant! Online to guide adjuvant chemotherapy in Austria
PRM109 Visualizing Methods For Discrete-Event-Simulations Using The Example Of A Breast Cancer Decision-Analytic Model
PCN106 Overview on Cost-Effectiveness Results of Decision-Analytic Studies for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Characterization and Control of the Run-and-Tumble Dynamics of Escherichia Coli
We characterize the full spatiotemporal gait of populations of swimming Escherichia coli using renewal processes to analyze the measurements of intermediate scattering functions. This allows us to demonstrate quantitatively how the persistence length of an engineered strain can be controlledby a chemical inducer and to report a controlled transition from perpetual tumbling to smooth swimming. For wild-type E. coli, we measure simultaneously the microscopic motility parameters and the large-scale effective diffusivity, hence quantitatively bridging for the first time small-scale directed swimming and macroscopic diffusion
Probing the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Catalytic Janus Particles with Single-Particle Tracking and Differential Dynamic Microscopy
We demonstrate differential dynamic microscopy and particle tracking for the
characterization of the spatiotemporal behavior of active Janus colloids in
terms of the intermediate scattering function (ISF). We provide an analytical
solution for the ISF of the paradigmatic active Brownian particle model and
find striking agreement with experimental results from the smallest length
scales, where translational diffusion and self-propulsion dominate, up to the
largest ones, which probe effective diffusion due to rotational Brownian
motion. At intermediate length scales, characteristic oscillations resolve the
crossover between directed motion to orientational relaxation and allow us to
discriminate active Brownian motion from other reorientation processes, e.g.,
run-and-tumble motion. A direct comparison to theoretical predictions reliably
yields the rotational and translational diffusion coefficients of the
particles, the mean and width of their speed distribution, and the temporal
evolution of these parameters
Changes in Body Weight and Psychotropic Drugs: A Systematic Synthesis of the Literature
<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Psychotropic medication use is associated with weight gain. While there are studies and reviews comparing weight gain for psychotropics within some classes, clinicians frequently use drugs from different classes to treat psychiatric disorders.</p> <h3>Objective</h3><p>To undertake a systematic review of all classes of psychotropics to provide an all encompassing evidence-based tool that would allow clinicians to determine the risks of weight gain in making both intra-class and interclass choices of psychotropics.</p> <h3>Methodology and Results</h3><p>We developed a novel hierarchical search strategy that made use of systematic reviews that were already available. When such evidence was not available we went on to evaluate randomly controlled trials, followed by cohort and other clinical trials, narrative reviews, and, where necessary, clinical opinion and anecdotal evidence. The data from the publication with the highest level of evidence based on our hierarchical classification was presented. Recommendations from an expert panel supplemented the evidence used to rank these drugs within their respective classes. Approximately 9500 articles were identified in our literature search of which 666 citations were retrieved. We were able to rank most of the psychotropics based on the available evidence and recommendations from subject matter experts. There were few discrepancies between published evidence and the expert panel in ranking these drugs.</p> <h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Potential for weight gain is an important consideration in choice of any psychotropic. This tool will help clinicians select psychotropics on a case-by-case basis in order to minimize the impact of weight gain when making both intra-class and interclass choices.</p> </div
Shape of a tethered filament in various low-Reynolds-number flows
We consider the steady-state deformation of an elastic filament in various unidirectional, low-Reynolds-number flows, with the filament either clamped at one end, perpendicular to the flow, or tethered at its center and deforming symmetrically about a plane parallel to the flow. We employ a slender-body model [Pozrikidis, J. Fluids Struct. 26, 393 (2010)] to describe the filament shape as a function of the background flow and a nondimensional compliance η characterizing the ratio of viscous to elastic forces. For η≪1, we describe the small deformation of the filament by means of a regular perturbation expansion. For η≫1, the filament strongly bends such that it is nearly parallel to the flow except close to the tether point; we analyze this singular limit using boundary-layer theory, finding that the radius of curvature near the tether point, as well as the distance of the parallel segment from the tether point, scale like η−1/2 for flow profiles that do not vanish at the tether point, and like η−1/3 for flow profiles that vanish linearly away from the tether point. We also use a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approach to derive a leading-order approximation for the exponentially small slope of the filament away from the tether point. We compare numerical solutions of the model over a wide range of η values with closed-form predictions obtained in both asymptotic limits, focusing on particular uniform, shear and parabolic flow profiles relevant to experiments