Demography and population structure of Northeastern mediterranean monk seal population

The Northeastern Mediterranean coasts that border southern Turkey host one of the last strongholds for the survival of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus, 1779). The seal colonies inhabiting south coast of Turkey have been studied since 1994 through various short-term research projects focusing on distinct small populations that were thought to be isolated. In this study, the entire extent of the area was monitored approximately for 3 years (between 2015 and 2018) with camera traps places in 20 caves known to be actively used by the seals. A total of 7014 images taken throughout the study period, along with 25,100 images taken previously, were used to identify the seals inhabiting the area.  In total, 37 individuals were identified based on the natural marks on the body. Based on photo-identified seals, a mark-recapture method was applied to estimate the total population size within the Northeastern Mediterranean. The overall population size was found to be 46 (SE=7.7) in the case of closed population and 53(SE=34.8) in the case of open population during the study period.  The range of identified seals was almost six times larger than previously documented in the same area, reaching distances up to 245 km. The population estimate indicated a decrease in population size compared to previous studies.  Finally, the study emphasises the importance of long-term monitoring studies elucidating changes in the demographic parameters in relation to threats posed, rather than cut-paste measurement suggestions which are not applicable in reality, while structuring the conservation actions targeting survival of this highly endangered species

The concept of authenticity in the protection of industrial heritage : the case of Samsun Tobacco Factory Building

Ankara : The Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Univ., 2014.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2014.Includes bibliographical references leaves 123-127.Kurt, MerveM.S

Rotor Slot Distance Effects on Output Parameters in Single Phase Induction Motors

I n this paper, single phase induction motor which has different rotor slot distances are analyzed with 2-D Finite Element Method FEM . The analyses are carried out using ANSYS/Maxwell program which solves equations with FEM. The model has same stator and rotor slot geometry. The variable parameter is slot distance which is between outer diameter of rotor core and top border of slot. The single phase induction motor model has 2 poles, 96 W shaft power and run capacitor. It is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz AC network under the full load. Slot distance is varied from 0.2 to 1 mm in 0.1 mm steps. Magnetic model is solved for each distance. Electrical performance characteristics which are speed, efficiency, current, torque and power factor PF are determined. Magnetical flux density B , flux lines and current density on bars are demostrated visually. Motor performance is improved as the slot distance decreas

Design and Analysis of In-Drum Outer Rotor BLDC Motor for Eddy Current Separator

I n this study, a novel In-Drum Brushless Direct Current ID-BLDC motor is proposed to Eddy Current Separator ECS which separates nonferrous metals from waste. The ECS’s separation efficiency depends on magnetic drum speed. ID-BLDC motor is designed with outer rotor structure and placed in ECS magnetic drum in order to improve separation efficiency. The magnetic drum is directly driven by this motor because it doesn’t require coupling mechanisms. It has very simple structure since no rotor windings, brushes and bracelets. The ID-BLDC motor has high reliability, high efficiency and high power-to-volume ratio. Proposed motor has 8 poles, 3 phases, 373 W 0.5 HP and 1750 rpm rated speed. Output parameters are calculated for full load and verified by Finite Element Analysis FEA under the over load, full load, half load, quarter load and no load conditions for transient and steady stat

CHARACTERIZATION OF CYLINDROCARPON-LIKE ANAMORPHS CAUSING ROOT AND BASAL ROT OF APRICOT AND IN VITRO ACTIVITIES OF SOME FUNGICIDES

Four apricot nurseries were surveyed in Hatay province in Turkey to evaluate the phytosanitary status of the nursery plant material. Endophytic and potential pathogenic fungi were identified in plants and 12 Cylindrocarpon-like anamorph isolates were detected in the root system and basal stems of analyzed rootstocks. Based on partial sequencing ITS, three different  Cylindrocarpon-like anamorph species were identified as Dactylonectria torresensis (6 isolates), Dactylonectria novozelandica (3 isolates) and Neonectria candida (3 isolates). Pathogenicity tests were conducted under greenhouse conditions which showed that all three Cylindrocarpon-like anamorph species, were identified as pathogens. ADt12 (D. torresensis) isolate, obtained from the survey area, have been tested in vitro for its sensitivity to several fungicides (thiophanate-methyl (70%), fluazinam (500g/L), fludioxonil (230g/L), and boscalid (26.7%)+pyraclostrobin (6.7%)). It was determined that ADt12 isolate was highly sensitive to fludioxonil and fluazinam, and sensitive to thiophanate-methyl and boscalid+pyraclostrobin as a result of probit analysis of EC50 values

Retrospective evaluation of patients admitted to Karadeniz Technical University Pediatric Dentistry clinic due to trauma

Purpose Traumatic dental injuries are among the commonly observed problems in the primary and permanent teeth. The rate of prevalence of dental trauma varies globally. In this study, we investigated the type of dental trauma, related factors, and treatment procedures in children. Subjects and Methods During a 5-year period (January 2011–January 2016), 416 children aged in the range of 1–15 years were admitted to our clinic with dental trauma. The cause and type of the dental trauma in the primary and permanent teeth and their relation with gender and age were evaluated using the chi-square test, and their distribution by age was evaluated using regression analysis. Results Overall, girls and boys comprised 37% and 63% of the study population, respectively. The mean age was 8.5 years. Falls (61.1%) were the most common cause of traumatic dental injuries, and enamel–dentin fracture (26%) was the most common dental trauma type. Conclusions Traumatic dental injuries in children are common. A large proportion of patients without any clinical symptoms (15.8%) did not seek any treatment after the trauma. Teachers, parents, and children should be informed about the action to be taken when dental trauma occurs and about the importance of immediately taking the child to a dentist after the trauma to ensure an accurate diagnosis, an optimal treatment plan, and positive outcome

Non-Prescription Drug Usage Among Nursing Students

Amaç: Araştırma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin reçetesiz ilaç kullanma durumları, reçetesiz ilaç kullanımına ilişkin görüş, tutum ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırma 2014-2015 eğitim-öğretim yılında bir hemşirelik yüksekokulunda, araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 368 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından ilgili literatür incelenerek oluşturulan “Veri Toplama Formu” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, sayı, yüzde, ortalama ve ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20.39±1.22’dir. Öğrencilerin %89.9’unun son bir yıl içinde reçetesiz ilaç kullandığı, en yüksek oranda baş ağrısı (%76.7) nedeniyle ilaç kullandıkları ve en sık kullanılan ilacın ise analjezikler (%88.2) olduğu saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin %53.2’si reçetesiz ilaç kullanma gerekçesini “sorun önemsiz olduğu için doktora gitmeyi gerekli görmeme”, %49.2’si “daha önce ilacı kullanmış olma” olarak bildirmiştir. Öğrencilerin reçetesiz ilaç kullanma kararlarında ilacın evde mevcut olması (%46.8) ve daha önce doktor önerisi ile ilacı kullanmış olmanın (%40.2) etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin reçetesiz ilaç kullanma durumları ile sosyodemografik özellikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p>0.05). Sonuç: Öğrencilerin, reçetesiz ilaç kullanma oranı oldukça yüksektir. Reçetesiz ilaç kullanımını önlemek için öğrencilerin akılcı ilaç kullanımı konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.Aim: This study aimed to determine the opinions and attitudes and related factors of nursing students regarding non-prescription drug usage._x000D_ Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 368 nursing students in a nursing college who volunteered to participate in the study_x000D_ during the 2014-2015 academic year. The Data Collection Form, created by the investigators after reviewing the relevant literature, was used_x000D_ for data collection. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, and_x000D_ chi-square tests._x000D_ Results: The mean age of the students was 20.39±1.22. The nonprescription drug usage of the students within the preceding year was_x000D_ 89.9%. It was determined that the students mostly used drugs for headaches (76.7%), and analgesics (88.2%) were the most commonly used_x000D_ drugs. The reasons of non-prescription drug usage of the students were_x000D_ “the problem is not important to consult the physician” (53.2%) and_x000D_ “the drug has been used before” (49.2%). The affecting factors on using_x000D_ non-prescription drug were having had leftover drugs at home (46.8%)_x000D_ and having used the drug previously (40.2%). There was no statistically_x000D_ significant difference between the students’ non-prescription drug usage and their sociodemographic characteristics (p> 0.05)._x000D_ Conclusion: The students’ non-prescription drug usage rates were quite high in this study. Students need to be informed about rational drug_x000D_ use to prevent non-prescription drug usage

Determination of the Antifungal Effect of Boron, Sodium and Potassium Salts against Pomegranate Fruit and Crown Rot Disease Agent Coniella granati

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the most important fruit species grown in Turkey. Fungal pathogens cause significant losses in quality and yield of pomegranate fruit in orchards and warehouses. Pomegranate fruit and crown rot, caused by Coniella granati, is one of the most serious diseases of pomegranate. No fungicides have been registered in Turkey to control this disease. In this study, the antifungal effect of etidote-67, borax, boric acid, sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, sodium carbonate and potassium sorbate on mycelial growth of C. granati was investigated in vitro. The antifungal effect of the salts on mycelial growth of the fungus was determined at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06 and 0.07 (w%252Fv). Increased concentrations of etidote-67, borax, boric acid, sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, sodium carbonate, and potassium sorbate significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus compared to the control. Significant differences were found between the efficacy of the treatments (Plt%253B0.05). The concentrations of 0.04%25 and 0.03%25 of etidot-67 and borax salts, respectively, were determined to be the doses that completely inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus. Boric acid, sodium nitrite, sodium carbonate and potassium sorbate completely inhibited the fungal mycelial growth at a concentration of 0.05%25, while sodium benzoate inhibited fungal mycelial growth at a relatively high concentration (0.07%25). When comparing the effective concentrations (EC50) of the salts inhibiting mycelial growth by 50%25, sodium benzoate showed a stronger inhibitory effect against the fungus. In conclusion, the results of this study show that boron, sodium, and potassium salts can be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicides to control fruit and crown rot disease caused by C. granati in pomegranate

Determination of in vitro Biocontrol Potentials of Antagonist Bacterial Isolates Against Onion Basal and Root Rot Disease Agent Fusarium proliferatu

Various Fusarium species cause significant yield and quality losses in onion (Allium cepa L.) plants. Onion basal and root rot, caused by Fusarium proliferatum, is an emerging postharvest disease that causes severe economic losses. Although the disease has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of Allium spp., there is insufficient information to support disease management. In recent years, a need has arisen for environmentally friendly, innovative alternative methods to avoid the use of chemical pesticides in the control of diseases that are a problem in agriculture. In this study, the biocontrol efficiency of antagonistic bacterial isolates obtained from bulbs, roots and leaves of healthy onion plants was investigated against F. proliferatum in vitro. The antagonistic activity of the bacterial isolates in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the fungal agent was determined by the dual culture assay. The bacterial isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and proteomic (MALDI-TOF MS) methods. A total of 18 putative bacterial isolates were obtained from the bulbs, roots and leaves of healthy onion plants on selective media. As a result of in vitro dual culture assays, only six bacterial isolates (Bacillus cereus MK2, Enterobacter xiangfangensis MK3, Bacillus thuringiensis MK8, Alcaligenes faecalis MK9, Pseudomonas putida MK16 and Citrobacter freundii MK17) significantly suppressed mycelial growth of disease agent (43.89-50.56%25 inhibition). Bacillus cereus MK2 was found to be the most effective bacterial isolate with a 50.56%25 inhibition rate of mycelial growth. Overall, the results suggest that Bacillus cereus MK2 could be used as a potential biocontrol agent for a sustainable and environmentally friendly control strategy for onion fields affected by Fusarium basal and root rot disease. It is necessary to conduct further studies on the effects of the effective bacterial isolates against the pathogen in vivo and their mechanisms of action

Correlation and sequential path analysis of oil yield and related characteristics in camelina under seasonal variations

The objectives of the current study were to determine the usefulness of sequential path analysis in camelina to obtain information about the relationship between yield and yield components and to evaluate their relative importance in camelina oil yield under summer and winter cultivation. A split-plot design, with two varieties as the main plot and four sowing times as the subplot, was carried out over two growing seasons (2017–2019) in Samsun, Turkey. Sequential path analysis revealed that, as first-order predictors, grain yield and oil content displayed the most significant and positive direct effects on oil yield in both summer and winter cultivation. The sequential path analysis of second-order variables over the first-order variable revealed that seed number per pod and pod number explained approximately 90% of the variation of the grain yield in summer cultivation and branch number explained approximately 67% of the variation grain yield in winter cultivation. These results indicated that grain yield, as a main predictor of oil yield, had different pathways to affect oil yield in the summer and winter seasons. A higher magnitude of seed number per pod compared to pod number in this study indicated that selecting for higher grain yield can be done indirectly using plants with lower pod number and higher seed number per pod in the summer season. Moreover, branch number was the only trait that had a direct negative effect on grain yield in the winter season, indicating that plants with lower branch number should be selected for higher grain yield. Different environmental factors, including the seasonal cultivation of camelina in this study, were found to be a key factor in improving oil yield and, hence, should be considered as criteria indices in camelina breeding programs in the future