Aktivitas Radionuklida Antropogenik 137cs Di Perairan Semarang Berdasarkan Sirkulasi Arus Global

Banyak macam sumber radionuklida yang masuk ke laut dan saat ini antropogenik radionuklida menjadi perhatian yang serius di dunia ini. Kecelakaan Chernobyl dan Fukushima yang terjadi belum lama merupakan contoh penyumbang radionuklida antropogenik, di samping dari sumber lain seperti uji coba nuklir di atmosfer yang banyak dilakukan setelah Perang Dunia II. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang kondisi radionuklida 137Cs di perairan Semarang, Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tanggal 2 Juli 2012 kemudian ditreatment di Laboratorium Kimia Jurusan Kelautan Undip dan dilanjutkan di Badan Tenaga Nuklir, Jakarta yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2012. Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, sedangkan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode sampling purposive. Analisis aktivitas 137Cs menggunakan metode dari IAEA-MEL (International Atomic Energy Agency\u27s Marine Environmental Laboratories). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa radionuklida 137Cs di Perairan Semarang dalam kisaran yang sangat kecil bila dibandingkan dengan penelitian sebelumnya di beberapa tempat lain. Nilai konsentrasi pada sedimen berkisar 0,65 Bq/kg hingga 1,11 Bq/kg, pada air laut 0,02 mBq/L hingga 0,09 mBq/L, pada biota sebesar 0,01 Bq/kg pada Euthynus alleteratus sedang pada Anadara granosa sebesar 0,02 Bq/kg. Karena di Semarang tidak ada sumber aktivitas radionuklida yang menghasilkan 137Cs, maka diduga aktivitas yang ada berasal global fallout yaitu buangan Fukushima yang baru terjadi satu tahun yang lalu dan dibawa oleh arus global yaitu ARLINDO yang kemudian diteruskan oleh arus monsoon

Effect Of Tai Chi Qigong On Aerobic Capacity In Elderly Examined By Using 6-Minute Walk Test

Introduction: The derivation of aerobic capacity affects elderly greatly, that is why prevention is needed. One of the example is exercise, such as Tai Chi. Aim: This research is a pre-experimental study to discover the effect of Tai Chi on aerobic capacity in elderly. Methods: Tai Chi intervention is given over the course of 8 weeks or 40 meetings, with a maximun of 5 times a week meetings, each has duration of 60 minutes. Qigong style Tai Chi is used. Aerobic capacity is rated by using 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) which followed by counting in the result to a regression formula to get VO2max. A total of 17 samples are succeed to satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criterias, as well as completing the whole research with more than 75% exercise attendance. The data retrieval of 6MWT is done before intervention, on the fourth week, and after intervention. Results: There is a derivation of aerobic capacity in elderly, from 25,103070 ml/kg/min (before intervention) to 24,4344 ml/kg/min (fourth week) unsignificantly (p=0,234). There is an escalation of aerobic capacity in elderly from 24,4344 ml/kg/min (fourth week) to 25,248976 ml/kg/min (after intervention) significantly (p=0,04). There is an escalation of aerobic capacity in elderly, from 25,103070 ml/kg/min (before intervention) to 25,248976 ml/kg/min (after intervention), but it is unsignificantly escalated (p=0,800). Conclusion: Tai Chi Qigong has not give a significant effect on aerobic capacity in elderly during the 8-weeks intervention or 40 meetings

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM NASIONAL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MANDIRI PARIWISATA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN AGROWISATA DI DESA KOANARA KABUPATEN ENDE

National tourism development aimed at aleviating poverty through community based tourism and sustainable development that emphasizing people involvement, especially those living around tour destination areas. People, as development subjects, became important actors who were actively involved in planning and developing tourism activities. It is expected that the people as beneficiaries of Program National Pemherdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Pariwisata would gain significant economic values fTomthe tourism development in order to improve their living standard and prosperity. Government tried through the program to alleviate poverty and unemployment both in rural and urban areas. HoweI 'er, it was necessary to study the implementation of the program becaue the program was completely financed by the government in the form of social grant that the transparancy in financing the program was warranted. The study aimed at investigating the implementation process of the PNPM lvlandiri Pariwisata program of the Tourism Agency of Ende District, precisely in Koanara village and finding out the influencing factors. It was a descriptive and qualitative study with the samples of 95 respondents who were all of the people playing their respective roles in agriculture or agro-tourism in Koanara village. The data was collected using questionnaire and in-depth interview and then analyzed using descriptive method and tabulated in order to fiund out the correlation between the implementation process of the program and the influencing factors. Tpp results of the study showed that all of the respondents considered the PNPM Mandiri Pariwisata as providing Koanara villagers with the opportunity to make advancement and to develop their livelihood in agriculture sector. They also considered that the program was very important and highly required. Therefore. it was necessry to maintain and to sustain the program. The implementation of the PNPA4Mandiri Pariwisata progam in Koanara village of Ende district has been succesfully realized, though the results and the objective of the program have not been maximal. However, the first step of the program has met the target because there were some supporting factors in addition to the obstacles found in human resources, communications, the behavior of the people toward the program. It was necessary to pay more serious attention to the structure and infTastructruethat the program could meet the predetennined targets

Notes for genera – Ascomycota

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10--15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of `Ainsworth Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi' in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the ``Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi'' published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of Lalaria, which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations. Catenomycopsis Tibell Constant. is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain., while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces. De Not. (Art. 59)