Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

ХРИСТИАНСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА КАК ИСТОЧНИК АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ

Both individual Sciences and religious confessions are trying to reveal the essence of man, to provide an exhaustive anthropological explanation. At the same time, it only increases the fragmentation of knowledge and does not give a complete picture. Christian anthropology gives its own version of the answer, which by means of religious literary sources gives its own characteristic of man. The article shows features of formation of basic biblical ideas about man, analyzes the theological works of Orthodox and Catholic theologians as a source of ideas about man, the characteristic of the Orthodox anthropological discourse of the twentieth century. In conclusion, it is concluded that the question of the image and likeness of God in man was raised from the first steps of the formation of the dogmas of Christianity, whose apologists attributed to the image of God in man his cognitive, creative abilities, freedom of will, and to the likeness of God - the ability of man to go beyond his own limits.Раскрыть сущность человека, предоставить исчерпывающее антропологическое объяснение стараются как отдельные науки, так и религиозные конфессии. В то же время это только усиливает фрагментацию знаний и не дает целостной законченной картины. Свой вариант ответа дает христианская антропология, которая посредством религиозных литературных источников дает собственную характеристику человека. В статье показаны особенности формирования основных библейских представлений о человеке, проанализированы богословские труды православных и католических теологов как источник представлений о человеке, дана характеристика православного антропологического дискурса ХХ века. В заключении сделан вывод о том, что вопрос об образе и подобии Бога в человеке поднимался с первых шагов формирования догматов христианства, апологеты которого к образу Бога в человеке относили его познавательные, творческие способности, свободу воли, а к подобию Бога - способность человека к выходу за собственные пределы

Induction of Anti-Meningitis Immunity by Synthetic Peptides: II. Immunoactive Synthetic Fragments of the OpaB Protein from Neisseria meningitidis

Mice of various lines were immunized by 11 synthetic peptides that correspond to the sequences of fragments of the OpaB protein from the outer membrane of Neisseria meningitidis involving the known human T-helper epitopes and all the potential mouse T-helper epitopes calculated for the protein. The mice were immunized with the free peptides without their conjugation with a protein carrier. Most of the peptides were found to induce in mice the production of antipeptide antibodies. Mice protection against the experimental infection by a virulent strain of N. meningitidis of the B serotype was studied, and two peptides were shown to exert the most pronounced protective effect

Induction of antimeningitis immunity by synthetic peptides. II. Immunoactive synthetic fragments of the OpaB protein from Neisseria meningitidis

Mice of various lines were immunized by 11 synthetic peptides that correspond to the sequences of fragments of the OpaB protein from the outer membrane of Neisseria meningitidis involving the known human T-helper epitopes and all the potential mouse T-helper epitopes calculated for the protein. The mice were immunized with the free peptides without their conjugation with a protein carrier. Most of the peptides were found to induce in mice the production of antipeptide antibodies. The mice protection against the experimental infection by a virulent strain of N. meningitidis of the B serotype was studied, and two peptides were shown to exert the most pronounced protective effect

Induction of antimeningitis immunity by the synthetic peptides. I. The immunoactive synthetic fragments of porin a from Neisseria meningitidis

Fourteen peptides corresponding to sequences of all the exposed and some of the transmembrane protein regions of porin A from the outer membrane of Neisseria meningitidis strain B:15:P1.7,16 were synthesized. Mice of various lines were immunized with the free peptides not conjugated with any protein carrier. It was shown that the majority of the peptides possess immunogenic properties. Two peptides were identified binding to antibodies present in the serum of mice after meningitis. Protective properties of a number of the synthesized peptides were studied, and three peptide sequences inducing mice protection from an experimental infection with N. meningitidis were identified

Induction of antimeningitis immunity by the synthetic peptides. I. The immunoactive synthetic fragments of porin a from Neisseria meningitidis

Fourteen peptides corresponding to sequences of all the exposed and some of the transmembrane protein regions of porin A from the outer membrane of Neisseria meningitidis strain B:15:P1.7,16 were synthesized. Mice of various lines were immunized with the free peptides not conjugated with any protein carrier. It was shown that the majority of the peptides possess immunogenic properties. Two peptides were identified binding to antibodies present in the serum of mice after meningitis. Protective properties of a number of the synthesized peptides were studied, and three peptide sequences inducing mice protection from an experimental infection with N. meningitidis were identified