Антибіотикопрофілактика в хірургії

Наук. кер.: М.Г. КононенкоГнійно-запальні післяопераційні ускладнення за останні десятиріччя набувають все більшої актуальності. Це вже стає проблемою. Такі ускладнення необхідно попереджувати. Для забезпечення тканин операційного поля антибіотиком у ефективній (бактерицидній) концентрації на весь період хірургічного втручання проводять антибіотикопрофілактику (АБП). Вона є складовою частиною комплексної профілактики гнійно-запальних ускладнень. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2734

Mobile Robot Localization using Panoramic Vision and Combinations of Feature Region Detectors

IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2008, Pasadena, California, May 19-23, 2008), pp. 538-543.This paper presents a vision-based approach for mobile robot localization. The environmental model is topological. The new approach uses a constellation of different types of affine covariant regions to characterize a place. This type of representation permits a reliable and distinctive environment modeling. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using a database of panoramic images from different rooms. Additionally, we compare different combinations of complementary feature region detectors to find the one that achieves the best results. Our experimental results show promising results for this new localization method. Additionally, similarly to what happens with single detectors, different combinations exhibit different strengths and weaknesses depending on the situation, suggesting that a context-aware method to combine the different detectors would improve the localization results.This work was partially supported by USC Women in Science and Engineering (WiSE), the FI grant from the Generalitat de Catalunya, the European Social Fund, and the MID-CBR project grant TIN2006-15140-C03-01 and FEDER funds and the grant 2005-SGR-00093

Authigenic uranium isotopes of late Proterozoic black shale

The evolution of early life is intimately related to environmental changes on Earth, and in particular, the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere and oceans. However, the record of environmental O2 abundance in the middle to late Proterozoic Eon, during which many new eukaryotic lineages emerged, is sparse and controversial. Here we present a uranium (U) isotope record from late Proterozoic shales from northwestern Canada, Arctic Canada (Baffin Island), Svalbard, and Greenland, coupled with a novel approach for inferring authigenic U isotope values (δ238Uauthigenic). A compilation comprising our new data and available literature data (854 δ238Uauthigenic values) through geologic time indicates a consistent rise in δ238Uauthigenic values following the Great Oxidation Event. This gradual increase in δ238U can be interpreted as an increase in the frequency of transient oxygenation events and also as a variation of U isotope fractionation factors between authigenic uptake and seawater (Δ238U) associated with different redox conditions occurring over the Earth's history. In conjunction with the U isotopic signature, we used previously published Fe speciation data from our samples to infer local controls on U incorporation and isotopic fractionation. The results suggest that late Proterozoic oceans were dominantly ferruginous, punctuated by periods of transient oxygenation. During these transient oxic conditions, high U isotope fractionation resulted in Δ238U values as high as ~1.2‰ relative to the δ238Ucrust. However, under ferruginous conditions, smaller isotopic fractionation led to Δ238U values <0.6‰. Integrating conclusions from our study with other geochemical studies suggests the occurrence of several spatially localized oxygenation events across the globe during the late Proterozoic. These conclusions help to better integrate geochemical and fossil records in the context of early evolution of complex life

Medications that relax the lower oesophageal sphincter and risk of oesophageal cancer : An analysis of two independent population-based databases

Acknowledgements We acknowledge collaboration with the Research Applications and Data Management Team lead by Ms Katie Wilde, University of Aberdeen in conducting our study. This research has been conducted using the UK Bio-bank Resource under application number 34374.Peer reviewedPostprin

The spatio-relational nature of urban innovation systems: Universities, knowledge intensive business service firms, and collaborative networks

The need to better identify the spatio-relational nature of urban innovation systems and spaces is increasingly acknowledged. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to provide an enhanced understanding of the knowledge networks existing between urban Knowledge Intensive Business Services firms (KIBS) and universities, which are often key components of such systems and spaces. Drawing on an analysis of urban KIBS firms and universities in the UK, it is found that the nature of firms, the location in which they are based, and the research intensity of their university partners are important determinants of the spatiality and localisation of the networks they form. The results show that the smallest urban KIBS firms have the highest propensity to engage in local links with universities, suggesting that they rely most significantly on their own urban innovation system for collaborative network ties. Keywords : innovation systems; urban innovation spaces; knowledge-based development; proximity; networks; KIBS; universities

Imputation of ordinal outcomes: a comparison of approaches in Traumatic Brain Injury

Loss to follow-up and missing outcomes data are important issues for longitudinal observational studies and clinical trials in traumatic brain injury. One popular solution to missing 6-month outcomes has been to use the last observation carried forward (LOCF). The purpose of the current study was to compare the performance of model-based single-imputation methods with that of the LOCF approach. We hypothesized that model-based methods would perform better as they potentially make better use of available outcome data. The Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study (n = 4509) included longitudinal outcome collection at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-injury; a total of 8185 Glasgow Outcome Scale extended (GOSe) observations were included in the database. We compared single imputation of 6-month outcomes using LOCF, a multiple imputation (MI) panel imputation, a mixed-effect model, a Gaussian process regression, and a multi-state model. Model performance was assessed via cross-validation on the subset of individuals with a valid GOSe value within 180 +/- 14 days post-injury (n = 1083). All models were fit on the entire available data after removing the 180 +/- 14 days post-injury observations from the respective test fold. The LOCF method showed lower accuracy (i.e., poorer agreement between imputed and observed values) than model-based methods of imputation, and showed a strong negative bias (i.e., it imputed lower than observed outcomes). Accuracy and bias for the model-based approaches were similar to one another, with the multi-state model having the best overall performance. All methods of imputation showed variation across different outcome categories, with better performance for more frequent outcomes. We conclude that model-based methods of single imputation have substantial performance advantages over LOCF, in addition to providing more complete outcome data.Development and application of statistical models for medical scientific researc

Ein mehrkanaliges Biosensormesssystem zur Überwachung der Nitrifikation in Abwasserreinigungsanlagen

Bei der biologischen Abwasserreinigung treten häufig Störungen der Nitrifikationsstufe (biochemische Oxidation von Ammonium über Nitrit zu Nitrat) auf, die durch Hemmstoffe sowie durch Stossbelastungen hoher Stickstofffrachten (N-BSB) verursacht werden. Dadurch gelangen erhöhte Mengen an sauerstoffzehrenden reduzierten Stickstoffverbindungen in die Oberflächengewässer. Dies ist besonders kritisch bei Vorflutern mit einem bereits niedrigem Sauerstoffgehalt, da durch diese reduzierten Stickstoffverbindungen die Konzentration an gelöstem Sauerstoff in Folge mikrobieller Oxidation stark absinken kann und somit die Biocönose im Gewässer nachhaltig gestört wird. Da es sich bei Nitrit und Ammoniak zudem um starke Fischgifte handelt, ist die Elimination dieser Stickstoffverbindungen aus dem Abwasser nicht zuletzt auch gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Zur Erfassung von Störungen der Nitrifikationsstufe wurde deswegen in den vergangenen Jahren am ISWA ein Nitrifikanten-Einzelbiosensor entwickelt. Dabei wird über den Sauerstoffverbrauch des Immobilisates die bakterielle Stoffwechselaktivität überwacht, wobei dies ein Maß für das Vorhandensein von Hemmstoffen bzw. Nitrifikationssubstraten in einer Probe ist. Der Vorteil dieses Systems ist vor allem darin zu sehen, dass die damit durchgeführten Messungen sowohl schnell als auch reproduzierbar durchführbar sind. So ist mit diesem Geräteprototyp über die Durchführung von ca. 10 – 15 Einzelmessungen verschiedener Probenverdünnungen die Quantifizierung der Hemmwirkung von einer Probe pro Messtag möglich. Schlussfolgerung und Ausblick Die Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der nitrifikationshemmenden Wirkung von Standardhemmstoffen, Abwasserproben und des N-BSB ergaben, dass die neu entwickelten Nitrifikanten-Biosensoren schnell und mit hoher Signalstabilität auf sich ändernde Hemmstoff- und Substratkonzentrationen reagieren und somit für die Klärwerksüberwachung prinzipiell einsetzbar sind