Development of algorithm for identification of maligant growth in cancer using artificial neural network

The precise identification and characterization of small pulmonary nodules at low-dose CT is a necessary requirement for the completion of valuable lung cancer screening. It is compulsory to develop some automated tool, in order to detect pulmonary nodules at low dose ct at the beginning stage itself. The numerous algorithms had been proposed earlier by many researchers in the past, but, the accuracy of prediction is always a challenging task. In this work, an artificial neural network based methodology is proposed to find the irregular growth of lung tissues. Higher probability of detection is taken as a goal to get an automated tool, with great accuracy. The finest feature sets derived from Haralick Gray level co occurrence Matrix and used as the dimension reduction way for feeding neural network. In this work, a binary Binary classifier neural network has been proposed to identify the normal images out of all the images. The capability of the proposed neural network has been quantitatively computed using confusion matrix and found in terms of classification accuracy

Plasmonic Resonances and Their Application to Thin-Film Solar Cell

This chapter furnishes the plasmonic properties of metal nanostructure and its application to thin-film solar cell. Plasmonics is an emerging branch of nanooptics where light metal interaction in subwavelength domain is studied. Metal supports surface plasmon resonance that has tunable signature, which depends on the morphology as well as surrounding media. These plasmonic resonances can be tuned in a broader range of solar spectra by changing several parameters such as size, shape and medium. Moreover, metals show scattering properties that could be utilized to enhance optical path length of photon inside the thin film of solar device. The chapter mainly focusses on the study of plasmonic resonance of smaller- and larger-sized metal nanoparticle using semi-analytical as well as numerical approach. For the estimation of optical properties like extinction spectrum and field profile of larger-sized nanoparticle, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used. The field distribution in both silver and gold nanoparticle cases has been plotted in ‘on’ resonance condition, which has a broader range of applications

Evaluation on Phytochemical Screening and Anthelmintic Potencies of Leaf Extracts of Caryota urens (L.) in Aqueous and Alcoholic Solvents

Caryota urens (L.) belonging to the family of Arecaceae having synonyms as fishtail palm, kithul palm, toddy palm is a palm tree having many uses in respect to its traditional literature but with very little scientific evidences. The current research work is aimed to perform the comparative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts of Caryota urens in alcoholic and aqueous solvent and determine the anthelmintic potency using Pheretima posthuma as test specimens. The research was initiated by collecting the fresh plant material and its authentication then was studied for its morphological features to confirm its identity and compared its phytocompound detection in aqueous and alcoholic extracts followed by evaluation of anthelmintic efficacy in both extracts and the results are verified by studying the parameters like time of paralysis and time of death and the potency was compared with reference standard Albendazole. The alcoholic and aqueous extract of Caryota urens(L.) exhibited significant anthelmintic activity as evidenced by dose dependent paralysing time and death time. Further extensive research is required for determining their pharmacological activities

Preparation and characterization of titanium based coatings by Direct-Current (DC) magnetron sputtering process

Thin film coatings by sputtering process are widely used in numerous industries due to their superior qualities such as improvement in wear and corrosion resistance, enhancement of the surface quality, functional properties enrichment and increased life-time. So withstanding the above mentioned conditions is essential for numerous industrial and medical applications. One of the most effective ways to create thin film materials of desired composition is sputtering process. Nordiko sputtering (NS) 2500 equipment is used in this thesis work to carry out the sputtering experiments. The aim of the thesis work is to study the relationship between depositions parameters used for DC magnetron sputtering process using Nordiko sputtering (NS-2500) equipment. The study is mainly focused to explain the relationship between deposition rates of thin film depositions with respect to sputtering parameters involved. One of the main objective is to study the effect of deposition parameters on the resultant microstructures and properties such as adhesion strength and surface roughness. This research work also deals with investigating the operation of Nordiko sputtering equipment and obtaining relevant experience related to it. The study is also focused on to briefly analyze the effect of substrate heating and etching to understand the morphological changes observed during sputtering depositions The thin film coating formation of titanium and titanium nitride compositions is successfully deposited using Nordiko sputtering equipment. Typical deposition rates were able to achieve in this DC magnetron sputtering process. In this thesis work, the relationship between deposition parameters is studied in detail and verified using various experimentation techniques. The effect of deposition parameters on the resultant microstructures and properties such as adhesion strength and surface roughness is successfully studied using several characterization techniques such as FESEM, adhesion strength, optical profilometer and XRD analysis. The effect of substrate etching and heating is studied briefly in this thesis work and the results established significant improvement in deposition rates and adhesion strength values. The sputtering equipment used in this experiment work is studied completely and it can be used for versatile operations. A short operational guide regarding the user manual is also prepared in this thesis report

Modified Pipelining Hybridization of Job Shop Scheduling

Hybridization involves generally genetic algorithm in a stage .Here instead of genetic algorithm,metaheuristics method Local search method, is applied as primary search routine, for tacklingcombinatorial search and optimization problems.The dispatching rule LPT is applied first, servingas a preprocessor. The local search methods are works on the iterative exploration of a solutionspace: at each iteration a local search algorithm start search from one solution to one of itsneighbor. The method is analysis the job shop bench mark problems. The comparison of theperformance measure is evaluated

The effect of the addition of SiCp on the mechanical behaviour of silane treated epoxy and polyester composites reinforced with unidirectional carbon fiber fabric.

The prime material for performance intensive applications is carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPC). Researchers have improved the properties of CFRPC by creating a stronger interface between the constituents either by treating the fiber surface with alkalis, oxidization agents or gases. However, there is a possibility of fiber damage during treatment. In this investigation two different matrices viz., epoxy and polyester were modified by incorporating (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane coupling agent and silicon carbide particulate filler (SiCp). The effect of matrix modification on the mechanical behaviour of CFRPC is investigated in terms of tensile, flexural and impact properties. It was observed that CFRPC with modified matrices had better properties due to improved adhesion between the constituents. In particular, carbon fiber reinforced 10 wt. % SiCp filled silane treated polyester matrix composite had better mechanical properties. The results have been supplemented with morphological investigation

Low Power Design Methodology

Due to widespread application of portable electronic devices and the evaluation of microelectronic technology, power dissipation has become a critical parameter in low power VLSI circuit designs. In emerging VLSI technology, the circuit complexity and high speed imply significant increase in the power consumption. In low power CMOS VLSI circuits, the energy dissipation is caused by charging and discharging of internal node capacitances due to transition activity, which is one of the major factors that also affect the dynamic power dissipation. The reduction in power, area and the improvement of speed require optimization at all levels of design procedures. Here various design methodologies are discussed to achieve our required low power design concepts

Alignment, morphology and defect control of vertically aligned ZnO Nanorod array: competition between ‘surfactant’ and ‘stabilizer’ roles of the amine species and its photocatalytic properties

We demonstrate effective control of the morphology, defect content and vertical alignment of ZnO nanorod (NR) arrays grown by a solution method by simply varying the hexamine concentration during growth. We show that the amine acts both as a growth ‘stabilizer’ and ‘surfactant’ and controls both Zn release for ZnO formation and caps non-polar planes, respectively. Competition between these ‘stabilizer’ and ‘surfactant’ roles facilitates morphology, alignment and defect content control of 1D ZnO NR arrays. Well aligned, prismatic, defect (Zn interstitial) controlled ZnO NR arrays grown with a 1M amine concentration show higher photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue dye solutions under UV irradiation. Shallow donor zinc interstitials readily supply electrons which may increase the space charge near the nano-catalyst surface. The increased band bending associated with the interfacial electric field in the space charge region may then better facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers and thus enhance the photocatalytic performance. Understanding the role of amine in the solution growth of 1D ZnO NR arrays holds great promise for tailoring ZnO NR functionalities for various potential applications

Evaluation of the effect of magnesium in combination with organic manures on the growth and yield attributes and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) inTypic Ustropept

Cotton is India's most significant commercial crop and has a significant role in the agricultural economics of the nation. A field experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field located in Achchandavilthan village of Srivillipudhur block, Virudhunager District, from 28-Aug 2019 to Jan, 2020 to evaluate the response of cotton to foliar and soil application of magnesium combination with organic manures on the growth and yield attributes and yield of cotton in magnesium deficient soil. The soil was categorized as “Moderately deep clay Typic Ustropept, and medium N, P and high K content, in a randomized block design with fifteen treatments and three replications. The results revealed that the application of MgSO4 at a rate of 50 kg ha-1 along with 250 kg vermicompost for 30 days (1:5 ratio) at critical stages of crop growth along with the Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based N,P2O5 and K2O RDF registered the maximum plant height at all three stages (40,70 and harvest) of crop growth (94.7, 122.3 and 222.2 cm), number of monopodial branches plant-1 (33.4), number of sympodial branches plant-1(73.1), numbers of boll plant-1 (48.3), boll weight (3.9 g), and seed cotton yield (26.2 q ha-1). This was followed by treatment (T9) MgSO4 at a rate of 50 kg ha-1 incubated with 500 kg FYM for 30 days (1:10 ratio) along with STCR) based N,P2O5 and K2O RDF and the lowest treatment receiving the recommended dose of N, P2O5 and K2O alone (80:40:40 kg ha1). It was revealed that natural chelated fertilizer prepared from MgSO4 incubated with organic manures for 30 days significantly improved the growth and yield of cotton

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, ANTI-MICROBIAL, ANTI-CANCER, AND ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 1-(NAPHTHALEIN 2-YL OXY)(PHENYL)(METHYL) THIOUREA MANNICH BASE AND ITS METAL COMPLEXES

ABSTRACT Objective: Mannich bases of 2-naphthol are predominantly popular in metal-mediated and ligand-accelerated catalysis of enantioselective carbon-carbon bond formation. Since these compounds have multiple centre for chelation with metal ions, they are likely to be potent inhibitors of metallo-enzymes. A number of pharmaceutical and agricultural agents have a naphthalein frame work. Our present study focuses on the synthesis of Mannich base derived from the condensation of 2-naphthol, benzaldehyde and thiourea and its metal complexes and their biological activities. Methods: The ligand 1-(naphthalein -2-yloxy )(phenyl)(methyl) thiourea (BNBTU) was synthesized by Mannich condensation reaction  between 2- naphthol, benzaldehyde and thiourea in 1:1:1 molar ratio. Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II)  and Zn(II) complexes of the new Mannich base BNBTU have been synthesized. Results: The anti-bacterial activity of the ligand and all the metal complexes leads to the conclusion that most of the complexes were found to have activities against E.coli    and B. subtilis. The cytotoxic effects of the newly synthesized ligand have been found good inhibition activity against the cancer cell line. Further the ligand and the metal complexes have been screened for their fungicidal and anti-oxidant properties and they are found to be significantly active. Conclusion: The ligand 1-(naphthalein -2-yloxy )(phenyl)(methyl) thiourea (BNBTU) has shown as one of the novel ligand and its coordination with transition metals exhibited enhanced biological activity