Agriculture Situation in Punjab: An Analysis of Transformations from Labour Intensive Farming to Capital Intensive Farming

There is no doubt that Punjab farming is capital intensive and agricultural production increased with the use of machinery, high yielding varieties of seeds, pesticides and fertilizers. But the use of technology made agriculture more capital intensive. Punjab farmers are suffering from stagnated agricultural production and their expenditure on agricultural inputs are increasing over the time. This situation creates financial problems for the farming class. The present paper tried to shows the current situation of Punjab’s agriculture in terms of operational land holding, productivity, irrigational sources, marketing of agricultural produced, and transformation from labour intensive to capital intensive farming etc

Slip-flow and heat transfer of chemically reacting micropolar fluid through expanding or contracting walls with Hall and ion slip currents

AbstractThe present article deals with the effects of velocity slip, chemical reaction on heat and mass transfer of micropolar fluid in expanding or contracting walls with Hall and ion slip currents. Assume that there is symmetric suction or injection along the channel walls, which are maintained at nonuniform constant temperatures and concentrations. The governing Navier–Stokes equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations then solved numerically by quasilinearization technique. The effects of various parameters such as wall expansion ratio, chemical reaction parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, slip parameter, Hall and ion slip parameters on nondimensional velocity components, microrotation, temperature and concentration are discussed in detail through graphs. It is observed that the concentration of the fluid is enhanced with viscosity. Further, the temperature and concentration of the fluid are increased whereas the microrotation is decreased for an expansion or contraction of the walls

Effect of age of plantation on seed characters and growth performance of Tokopatta (Livistona jinkensiana Griff.) seedling

Tokopatta palm (Livistona jinkensiana) is a valuable non timber multiple end uses forest species of Arunachal Pradesh. In order to establish improved plantation, the production of quality seedling of this species is essential. The present study was undertaken to determine tree age effects on seed characters, seed germination and performance of seedlings. The 500 seeds sample from each plantations aged 18, 25, 35, 45, 54, 63 and 74 years old around Pasighat town under East Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India were taken to see the effect of tree ageon seed morphological characters, seed germination and seedling performance. Significant variation was observed for seed diameter and seed weight between plantations of different ages. The age effect was also seen in the germination patterns with middle aged plantations producing most superior seeds in terms of seed morphological parameters and germination behavior. Seedling attributes after 12 months showed that seedling obtained from young and middle aged plantations (between 18 to 45 years) performed better than those beyond 50 years

Assessment of urban growth using Shannon’s Entropy Index: A case study of Chennai, Detroit of India

The Remote Sensing (R/ S) and Geographical Information System (GIS) play a vital role to evaluate and study the urban expansion pattern. In this study, the Chennai city was selected to perform the urban sprawl study. Five different periods of satellite imageries for the time elapsed between 1994 and 2016 were used. The main aim of this paper was to identify the urban sprawl of Chennai as a patterning process. The extended areas of urban in the period of 1994, 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 were extracted by the sub-pixel classification method from the satellite imageries. Furthermore, Shannon’s entropy index was used for assessing urban expansion. The findings of this study proved that Chennai city has sprawled by urban expansion during the period between 1994 and 2016. Likewise, the dispersion rate of urban sprawl for the periods of 1994, 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 were 0.671, 0.679, 0.688, 0.693 and 0.695 respectively. Consequently, this uncontrolled dispersed urban development had resulted in the study area losses their green space

Response of oceanic cyclogenesis metrics for NARGIS cyclone:a case study

In this study, variability of two oceanic cyclogenesis metrics, tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP) and effective oceanic layer for cyclogenesis (EOLC) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during NARGIS cyclone is investigated. EOLC represents the geopotential thickness of near surface stratified layer forms because of the spread of low salinity waters due to fresh water influx from rivers and precipitation. Climatological fields of TCHP and EOLC reveal that NARGIS translated towards the region of higher EOLC as seen in the observations. A maximum daily sea surface cooling of 2 °C is observed along the right and rear side of NARGIS track

Analgesic activity of Cissus quadrangularis linn with Zingiber officinale rosc in male wistar rats

Background: The global scenario, human beings are using various forms of treatment for relief of pain; among them, medicinal plant products have gained popularity because of its wide range of use and less side effects.Methods: Adult Albino rats of either sex were selected and divided into 5 groups. The Eddy’s hot plate was used and maintained temperature (55±0.5ºC), the animals were placed on the hot plate and the time taken for paw licking or jumping was recorded and considered as nociceptive response. The reaction time was observed on 0, 30, 60, and 90 minute.Results: The hot plate reaction time in sec was collected in the intervals of 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes in all groups. Reaction times as follows: group III (Cissus quadrangularis Linn.) were 2.18±0.04, 3.13±0.05**, 5.83±0.05**, 5.39±0.04**;  Group IV (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) were 2.12±0.03, 4.13±0.04**, 7.43±0.07**, 7.16±0.06**; Group V Cissus quadrangularis Linn+ Zingiber officinale Rosc.) were 2.21±0.75, 4.67±0.98**, 8.15±0.89**, 9.02±0.75**; Group II (Dexamethasone) were 2.14±0.05, 5.53±0.05**, 8.14±0.06**, 10.08±0.10** respectively, Results are presented as mean±SEM, (n=6), *p<0.01, **p<0.05 dunnet test used as compared to control.Conclusions: Present study reveals that, the combination treatment of Zingiber officinale Rosc. + Cissus quadrangularis Linn. has been shown significant analgesic effect. High analgesic effect was observed with combination therapy; the effect was shown same as standard drug dexamethasone

Impact of Cycle Time on Potential CTS

Upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms and upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have been found to be common in the working population. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most commonly studied entrapment neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel beneath the flexor retinaculum. The present study is conducted among person engaged in connecting rod manufacturing industry to check effect of cycle time of operation on potential CTS symptoms. The study sample consists of 103 workers for data collection. The study was conducted by questionnaire, physical examination, wrist angle evaluation and on job observation. Correlation analysis and Correlation analysis using IBM SPSS 20, it is revealed that Value of Pearson correlation coefficient is found to be -0.930 which is same as the value calculated manually. So analysis by SPSS 20 also confirms that there is very high negative correlation between cycle time and percentage of CTS sufferers

Review of brake friction materials for future development

Braking system in an automobile is always considered to be important for the designers. The main function of a braking system is to overcome vehicle’s momentum and stop the vehicle by means of friction. Now days, with the increase of innovative technology and by varying design procedures, newly designed automobiles with high speed sprung on to the market, which are throwing prime challenges for the braking system designers to control the speed of the vehicle. After the gradual phasing out of asbestos as a braking material in many parts of the world, due to its widespread complaints as a carcinogenic material, automobile brake friction industry and people are looking for suitable alternatives to replace asbestos material. There is need to develop new friction materials to meet the stringent requirements of customers, such as effective braking performance and less squealing action

Efficient organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells processed in air

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with fluorine doped tin oxide/titanium dioxide/CH3NH3PbI3-xClx/poly(3-hexylthiophene)/silver were made in air with more than 50% humidity. The best devices showed an open circuit voltage of 640 mV, a short circuit current density of 18.85 mA cm-2, a fill factor of 0.407 and a power conversion efficiency of 5.67%. The devices showed external quantum efficiency varying from 60 to 80% over a wavelength region of 350 nm to 750 nm of the solar spectrum. The morphology of the perovskite was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and it was found to be porous in nature. This study provides insights into air-stability of perovskite solar cells

Impact of non-idealities on the Performance of an Ultracapacitor based Bidirectional DC/DC Converter

This paper analyses the impact of non-idealities on the performance of an ultracapacitor based bidirectional DC/DC converter. In particular, this work analyses the impact of ON state resistance of the MOSFET switches on the performance of bidirectional DC/DC converter. It is shown that, under particular operating conditions, the ON state resistance of the MOSFET can have a significant impact on the performance of th DC/DC converter and can cause an unstable response. An analytical expression is derived to identify the operating conditions under which the non-idealities can have a significant impact on the performance of the DC/DC converter. Simulation results are presented to aid the analysis reported in this paper. © 2020 IEEE