POPULATION ECOLOGY OF THE NORTHERN SLIMY SALAMANDER (PLETHODON GLUTINOSUS) IN EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS

The importance of plethodontid salamanders in forested habitats has been recognized for decades and more recently plethodontids have been touted as a model taxon for monitoring ecosystem integrity and recovery. However, basic demographic data that are crucial to conservation and management plans are currently lacking for many species and regions. The objectives of our study were to characterize the population density, biomass, and capture success of a peripheral population of Plethodon glutinosus to provide a comparison for eastern populations and set a baseline for future monitoring of Midwestern populations. We estimated the population density of P. glutinosus at our site to be 0.41 salamanders/m2, with an estimated biomass of 0.70 g/m2. We did not find any evidence for temperature or precipitation affecting capture success. Our results showed that our density estimate falls within the range of other population ecology studies of Plethodon and sets a baseline for other peripheral Midwestern populations

Mengajar Secara Kreatif

Menghasilkan cara mengajar yang kreatif meliputi banyak hal:sifat pribadi seorang guru dan pengenalan akan Tuhan dan firman-Nya,masa persiapan pelajaran, caranya ia merencanakan isi pelajaran,keterampilan-keterampilan dalam memakai beraneka macam metodemengajar dan hubungan pribadi dengan setiap murid. Seorang guruyang tidak berani berpikir secara kreatif at4upun belum pernah diajarsecara kreatif akan menghadapi lebih banyak tantangan tatkala ia inginmengubah cara mengajar nya. Namun, dengan kemauan yang sungsUttkeberanian untuk mencoba sesuatu yang baru dan dengan pengarahanyang jelas danbermutu, ia dapat juga menjadi seorang guru yang kreatif

Summary of the results of feasibility studies of direct voice broadcasting undertaken for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Feasibility study of direct broadcast of voice programs from unmanned satellite to home receiver

Self-reported Mental Disorders Negatively Influence Surgical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement.

Background:Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is responsible for hip pain and dysfunction, and surgical outcomes depend on multiple factors. The presence of mental disorders negatively influences outcomes of multiple orthopaedic conditions, although the impact on FAI surgery is unclear. Hypothesis:The authors hypothesized that a preoperative self-reported history of mental disorders would negatively influence patient-reported outcome measures after FAI surgery. Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods:A matched-cohort study was performed by reviewing a prospectively collected database of cases of arthroscopic management of FAI with a single surgeon over a 2-year period. Demographics and radiographic parameters were recorded for all patients. Patients completed the Hip Outcome Score-Activity of Daily Living Subscale (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score-Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS), and modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) prior to surgery and 2 years after surgery. Unpaired and paired t tests were used to compare results between and within cohorts at baseline and follow-up. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05. Results:The cohort included 301 patients, with 75 and 226 patients reporting and not reporting a history of mental disorders, respectively. Before treatment, all patient-reported outcome measures were significantly lower among patients reporting a history of mental disorders (P < .01 for HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, and mHHS). Patients in both groups demonstrated significant improvements (P < .0001) in HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, and mHHS when preoperative outcome measures were compared with follow-up. Patients with reported mental disorders had significantly lower scores after surgery as compared with patients without mental disorders (P < .0001 for HOS-ADL, HOS-SSS, and mHHS). Conclusion:The presence of a reported mental disorder is associated with lower patient-reported outcomes before and after surgical management of FAI. Statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements were observed for patients who reported mental disorders. The magnitude of these improvements was not as large as that for an age- and sex-matched control group without a self-reported mental disorder

Network Access in a Diversified Internet

There is a growing interest in virtualized network infrastructures as a means to enable experimental evaluation of new network architectures on a realistic scale. The National Science Foundation\u27s GENI initiative seeks to develop a national experimental facility that would include virtualized network platforms that can support many concurrent experimental networks. Some researchers seek to make virtualization a central architectural component of a future Internet, so that new network architectures can be introduced at any time, without the barriers to entry that currently make this difficult. This paper focuses on how to extend the concept of virtualized networking through LAN-based access networks to the end systems. Our objective is to allow virtual networks that support new network services to make those services directly available to applications, rather than force applications to access them indirectly through existing network protocols. We demonstrate that this approach can improve performance by an order of magnitude over other approaches and can enable virtual networks that provide end-to-end quality of service