Formation of porous structures in production technology of construction materials based on building gypsum plaster

ABSTRACT: Introduction. This article presents the results of the research works on formation of building gypsum plaster porous structure with the use of recovered anhydrite raw materials and chemical additives, and describes a method for production of wall materials. The relevance of this paper is stipulated by the need to expand the range and increase the manufacture of heat-insulating and structural-heat-insulating products based on gypsum binders and local mineral raw materials, as well as the development of technologies to ensure the production of gypsum materials with improved performance. The authors proposed certain methods for forming the porous structure of building gypsum plaster and improving its performance in terms of porosity and thermal conductivity through the use of modified recovered raw materials and chemical additives of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. Materials and methods. The study of the effect of modifying additives on the properties of the mixture was carried out using gypsum paste of normal consistency (NC = 55%). The preparation of samples and testing were performed according to the methods specified in the national standards with the use of porous additives of calcium carbonate, fluoroanhydrite and chemical additives for the rheological properties of the mixture, average density and strength of the samples, the patterns and mechanism of the processes of gypsum stone structure formation were established. Results. The application of fluoroanhydrite modified in the disintegrator with an equimolar amount of calcium carbonate leads to a decrease in the average density of the samples to 40% with evenly distributed pores. The analysis of the microstructure of heat-insulating material samples with a density of 550 kg/m3 showed that the average diameter of micropores is 0.45 mm, while the thermal conductivity of samples with complex chemical additives has the thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.25 W/m°C, which is 30% lower than the thermal conductivity of samples without complex additives. Conclusions. The results obtained create the basis for using recovery raw materials and domestic modifying additives as a pore-forming agent, which allow regulating the structure of gypsum stone in order to produce effective wall material

ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ РАКОМ ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ У ЖИТЕЛЕЙ Г. ТОМСКА И ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The analysis of thyroid cancer incidence and its structure among different populations of Tomsk region is presented. We studied the report documents, the database of the Tomsk regional oncologic dispensary for the period 2008 to 2012. The clinical characteristics of patients with thyroid cancer were summarizes according to sex, age and place of residence. The papillary cancer was the most often diagnosed. It was found that in young patients, thyroid cancer was diagnosed more often in the stage 1 and 2. On the other hand, in elderly patients (above 60 years), thyroid cancer diagnosed at stage 3 and 4. In the Tomsk region, as elsewhere in the world, thyroid cancer is detected more often in women.Представлены результаты анализа заболеваемости раком щитовидной железы среди жителей Томской области, особенности ее структуры среди различных контингентов населения. Были изучены база данных и отчетные документы Томского областного онкологического диспансера за период 2008–2012 гг. Обобщена клиническая характеристика больных раком щитовидной железы в зависимости от пола, возраста и места проживания. В результате анализа установлено, что лидирующее место в морфологической структуре рака щитовидной железы принадлежит папиллярному раку. Выявлено увеличение количества вновь выявленных больных, установлено, что рак щитовидной железы в молодом возрасте чаще диагностируется на ранних стадиях, стадии 3 и 4 при первичной диагностике встречаются преимущественно у лиц старше 60 лет. В Томской области, как и во всем мире, среди больных раком щитовидной железы превалируют женщины

Анализ заболеваемости инвазией Opisthorchis felineus и злокачественными новообразованиями гепатобилиарной системы в Российской Федерации

The purpose of this paper is to perform the pilot review of the official medical statistics on reported Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus) infection and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer in Russian Federation, covering the period 2011–2013.Materials and methods. Statistical data collected from 81 regions of Russia, reflecting the incidence of opisthorchiasis over a period from the 1st of January 2011 to the 31st of December 2013 was analyzed. The analysis of official health statistics of malignant hepatic lesions and intrahepatic bile duct was conducted in 82 regions of Russia over the same period. The data was obtained from the annual reports of the Russian center of information technologies and epidemiological studies in the field of oncology.Results. The average annual incidence of O. felineus was 24,7 ± 9,0 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence was observed in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast and Novosibirsk Oblast. We did not observe any significant change in O. felineus infection rates within last 20 years. However, we found that infection incidence had increased in some geographical units of Western Siberia. The incidence of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers was 4,8 ± 0,2 cases per 100,000 population; the highest rate was reported in Far East regions, Siberia and Volgograd Oblast. This study documents the importance of opisthorchiasis in certain endemic areas and presents the best available data on associations between O. felineus infection and liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancers in endemic areas of Russian Federation.Цель. Исследовать взаимосвязь заболеваемости инвазией Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus) и злокачественными новообразованиями гепатобилиарной системы у населения Российской Федерации на основании анализа данных официальной медицинской отчетности за период 2011–2013 гг.Материал и методы. Проанализированы статистические данные 81 региона России, отражающие заболеваемость описторхозом за период с 1 января 2011 г. по 31 декабря 2013 г. Проведен анализ официальных медицинских статистических данных злокачественного поражения печени и внутрипеченочных желчных протоков в 82 регионах России за аналогичный период, полученный из годовых отчетов Российского центра информационных технологий и эпидемиологических исследований в области онкологии.Результаты. Заболеваемость инвазией O. felineus составила 24,7 ± 9,0 на 100 000 населения. К гиперэндемичным по описторхозу регионам (уровень заболеваемости > 100 на 100 000 населения) относятся Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ, а также Тюменская, Томская, Омская и Новосибирская области (Западная Сибирь). Средний показатель заболеваемости инвазией O. felineus в динамике за последние 20 лет относительно стабилен, однако отмечается распространение инвазии на новые территории. Заболеваемость раком печени и внутрипеченочных желчных протоков составила 4,8 ± 0,2 случаев на 100 000 населения, при этом наиболее высокие показатели регистрируются на Дальнем Востоке, в Сибири и Волгоградской области. Получены пилотные данные о взаимосвязи заболеваемости инвазией O. felineus и онкологическими заболеваниями гепатобилиарной системы у населения эндемичных регионов Российской Федерации

Lancet

BACKGROUND: In 2015, the second cycle of the CONCORD programme established global surveillance of cancer survival as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems and to inform global policy on cancer control. CONCORD-3 updates the worldwide surveillance of cancer survival to 2014. METHODS: CONCORD-3 includes individual records for 37.5 million patients diagnosed with cancer during the 15-year period 2000-14. Data were provided by 322 population-based cancer registries in 71 countries and territories, 47 of which provided data with 100% population coverage. The study includes 18 cancers or groups of cancers: oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, pancreas, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, prostate, and melanoma of the skin in adults, and brain tumours, leukaemias, and lymphomas in both adults and children. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were rectified by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: For most cancers, 5-year net survival remains among the highest in the world in the USA and Canada, in Australia and New Zealand, and in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. For many cancers, Denmark is closing the survival gap with the other Nordic countries. Survival trends are generally increasing, even for some of the more lethal cancers: in some countries, survival has increased by up to 5% for cancers of the liver, pancreas, and lung. For women diagnosed during 2010-14, 5-year survival for breast cancer is now 89.5% in Australia and 90.2% in the USA, but international differences remain very wide, with levels as low as 66.1% in India. For gastrointestinal cancers, the highest levels of 5-year survival are seen in southeast Asia: in South Korea for cancers of the stomach (68.9%), colon (71.8%), and rectum (71.1%); in Japan for oesophageal cancer (36.0%); and in Taiwan for liver cancer (27.9%). By contrast, in the same world region, survival is generally lower than elsewhere for melanoma of the skin (59.9% in South Korea, 52.1% in Taiwan, and 49.6% in China), and for both lymphoid malignancies (52.5%, 50.5%, and 38.3%) and myeloid malignancies (45.9%, 33.4%, and 24.8%). For children diagnosed during 2010-14, 5-year survival for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ranged from 49.8% in Ecuador to 95.2% in Finland. 5-year survival from brain tumours in children is higher than for adults but the global range is very wide (from 28.9% in Brazil to nearly 80% in Sweden and Denmark). INTERPRETATION: The CONCORD programme enables timely comparisons of the overall effectiveness of health systems in providing care for 18 cancers that collectively represent 75% of all cancers diagnosed worldwide every year. It contributes to the evidence base for global policy on cancer control. Since 2017, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has used findings from the CONCORD programme as the official benchmark of cancer survival, among their indicators of the quality of health care in 48 countries worldwide. Governments must recognise population-based cancer registries as key policy tools that can be used to evaluate both the impact of cancer prevention strategies and the effectiveness of health systems for all patients diagnosed with cancer. FUNDING: American Cancer Society; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Swiss Re; Swiss Cancer Research foundation; Swiss Cancer League; Institut National du Cancer; La Ligue Contre le Cancer; Rossy Family Foundation; US National Cancer Institute; and the Susan G Komen Foundation

Dental Treatment in a State-Funded Primary Dental Care Facility: Contextual and Individual Predictors of Treatment Need?

OBJECTIVE:This study examined individual and contextual factors which predict the dental care received by patients in a state-funded primary dental care training facility in England. METHODS:Routine clinical and demographic data were extracted from a live dental patient management system in a state-funded facility using novel methods. The data, spanning a four-year period [2008-2012] were cleaned, validated, linked by means of postcode to deprivation status, and analysed to identify factors which predict dental treatment need. The predictive relationship between patients' individual characteristics (demography, smoking, payment status) and contextual experience (deprivation based on area of residence), with common dental treatments received was examined using unadjusted analysis and adjusted logistic regression. Additionally, multilevel modelling was used to establish the isolated influence of area of residence on treatments. RESULTS:Data on 6,351 dental patients extracted comprised of 147,417 treatment procedures delivered across 10,371 courses of care. Individual level factors associated with the treatments were age, sex, payment exemption and smoking status and deprivation associated with area of residence was a contextual predictor of treatment. More than 50% of children (<18 years) and older adults (≥65 years) received preventive care in the form of 'instruction and advice', compared with 46% of working age adults (18-64 years); p = 0.001. The odds of receiving treatment increased with each increasing year of age amongst adults (p = 0.001): 'partial dentures' (7%); 'scale and polish' (3.7%); 'tooth extraction' (3%; p = 0.001), and 'instruction and advice' (3%; p = 0.001). Smokers had a higher likelihood of receiving all treatments; and were notably over four times more likely to receive 'instruction and advice' than non-smokers (OR 4.124; 95% CI: 3.088-5.508; p = 0.01). A further new finding from the multilevel models was a significant difference in treatment related to area of residence; adults from the most deprived quintile were more likely to receive 'tooth extraction' when compared with least deprived, and less likely to receive preventive 'instruction and advice' (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION:This is the first study to model patient management data from a state-funded dental service and show that individual and contextual factors predict common treatments received. Implications of this research include the importance of making provision for our aging population and ensuring that preventative care is available to all. Further research is required to explain the interaction of organisational and system policies, practitioner and patient perspectives on care and, thus, inform effective commissioning and provision of dental services

IDENTIFICATION OF POLYMORPHOUS VARIANTS OF GENES REGULATING CELLULAR CYCLE IN CASE OF LUNG CANCER

The study investigated the distribution of polymorphous variants of genes regulating cellular cycle – p53 G215C, Bax G248A and Bcl-2 C938A in lung cancer patients and healthy donors with the purpose of obtaining new fundamental knowledge on the role of above polymorphisms in the lung cancer development. The statistically significant di|erences were found out in the distribution of polymorphous variants of genes regulating cellular cycle in the compared groups; relative risks of cancer development were calculated for those carrying of polymorphous variants of genes of p53 G215C, Bax G248A and Bcl-2 C938A

Analysis of Opisthorchis felineus infection and liver and intrahepatic bile ducts cancer incidence rate in Russian Federation

The purpose of this paper is to perform the pilot review of the official medical statistics on reported Opisthorchis felineus (O. felineus) infection and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer in Russian Federation, covering the period 2011–2013.Materials and methods. Statistical data collected from 81 regions of Russia, reflecting the incidence of opisthorchiasis over a period from the 1st of January 2011 to the 31st of December 2013 was analyzed. The analysis of official health statistics of malignant hepatic lesions and intrahepatic bile duct was conducted in 82 regions of Russia over the same period. The data was obtained from the annual reports of the Russian center of information technologies and epidemiological studies in the field of oncology.Results. The average annual incidence of O. felineus was 24,7 ± 9,0 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence was observed in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Omsk Oblast and Novosibirsk Oblast. We did not observe any significant change in O. felineus infection rates within last 20 years. However, we found that infection incidence had increased in some geographical units of Western Siberia. The incidence of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers was 4,8 ± 0,2 cases per 100,000 population; the highest rate was reported in Far East regions, Siberia and Volgograd Oblast. This study documents the importance of opisthorchiasis in certain endemic areas and presents the best available data on associations between O. felineus infection and liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancers in endemic areas of Russian Federation