A Study of Rural Police Leadership Behaviors in Kentucky: A Full Range Perspective

The purpose of this study was to examine the leadership behaviors of rural police chief\u27s in Kentucky through their self-perceptions and the perceptions of their subordinate officers utilizing the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) Form 5X Short. The author assessed differences in the leadership factors of the Full Range Leadership Model and leadership outcomes between rural police chiefs and their subordinate officers. The sample included 47 rural police chiefs from 4 different regions of Kentucky and 94 of their subordinate officers. The results indicate that 8 out of the 9 leadership factors differed between the self-reported ratings by the rural police chiefs and the ratings of their subordinate officers. The only leadership factor on which chiefs and their subordinates agreed was management by exception-active. Rural police chiefs in Kentucky report using transformational and contingent reward more frequently than management by exception-active, management by exception-passive and laissez-faire leadership both at more significant level than were reported by their subordinate officers. Kentucky rural police chiefs perceive themselves as using engaging and motivating leadership behaviors more often than their subordinate officers perceive them using them. Further, rural chiefs perceive themselves as using corrective, passive and avoidant leadership styles less frequently than reported by their subordinate officers. Rural police chiefs and their subordinates differed significantly on all three leadership outcomes. Rural police chiefs perceive themselves more strongly than do subordinate officers as influencing followers to give extra effort. Chiefs feel they are perceived as effective leaders by their followers and chiefs feel that their followers are satisfied with them as leaders at higher rates than do subordinate officers as groups. The rural police chiefs self-report data that suggest a relationship between the 5 factors of transformational leadership, transactional contingent reward and the 3 leadership outcomes of extra effort, effectiveness, and satisfaction. Chief\u27s perceptions, however, revealed no relationship between idealized influence-attributed and the 3 leadership outcomes. Research consistently shows a strong relationship between all factors of transformational leadership and the 3 leadership outcomes. However, no relationship in this study was found between management by exception-active, management by exception-passive, laissez-faire leadership and the 3 leadership outcomes although previous research consistently shows a strong negative relationship. The subordinate officers report data that show a strong relationship between the 5 factors of transformational leadership and the 3 leadership outcomes. Additionally, they report data that show a strong negative relationship between management by exception-passive and Laissez-faire leadership and the 3 leadership outcomes. Based on these findings, rural police leaders at all levels should be trained in the use of transformational leadership and transactional contingent reward. These leadership factors appear to motivate extra effort, and stimulate followers to view their leaders as effective, and sources of higher job satisfaction

Satellite TV & Islamic Pop Culture in Egypt

With the proliferation of music video channels on pan-Arab satellite television in the past decade, new styles of religious-themed videos are appearing on these alternative outlets to state television broadcasting. The growth and popularity of this new genre of religious music videos, along with “clean” cinema and Islamic satellite television productions, reflects shifting discourses concerning the arts and entertainment within the Islamic Revival. This essay explores the appearance of these music videos within a particular cultural moment in the Arab world in which popular culture is increasingly the site of ethical-aesthetic interventions aimed at moral and social reform

Kinetics of random sequential adsorption of two-dimensional shapes on a one-dimensional line

7 pages, 10 figuresSaturated random sequential adsorption packings built of two-dimensional ellipses, spherocylinders, rectangles, and dimers placed on a one-dimensional line are studied to check analytical prediction concerning packing growth kinetics [A. Baule, Phys. Rev. Let. 119, 028003 (2017)]. The results show that the kinetics is governed by the power-law with the exponent $d=1.5$ and $2.0$ for packings built of ellipses and rectangles, respectively, which is consistent with analytical predictions. However, for spherocylinders and dimers of moderate width-to-height ratio, a transition between these two values is observed. We argue that this transition is a finite size effect that arises for spherocylinders due to the properties of the contact function. In general, it appears that the kinetics of packing growth can depend on packing size even for very large packings

Antibunched photons emitted by a dc-biased Josephson junction

We show experimentally that a dc biased Josephson junction in series with a high-enough-impedance microwave resonator emits antibunched photons. Our resonator is made of a simple microfabricated spiral coil that resonates at 4.4 GHz and reaches a 1.97kΩ characteristic impedance. The second order correlation function of the power leaking out of the resonator drops down to 0.3 at zero delay, which demonstrates the antibunching of the photons emitted by the circuit at a rate of 6×10^7 photons per second. Results are found in quantitative agreement with our theoretical predictions. This simple scheme could offer an efficient and bright single-photon source in the microwave domain

Tunneling resonances in quantum dots: Coulomb interaction modifies the width

Single-electron tunneling through a zero-dimensional state in an asymmetric double-barrier resonant-tunneling structure is studied. The broadening of steps in the $I$--$V$ characteristics is found to strongly depend on the polarity of the applied bias voltage. Based on a qualitative picture for the finite-life-time broadening of the quantum dot states and a quantitative comparison of the experimental data with a non-equilibrium transport theory, we identify this polarity dependence as a clear signature of Coulomb interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Crossing of two Coulomb-Blockade Resonances

We investigate theoretically the transport of non--interacting electrons through an Aharanov--Bohm (AB) interferometer with two quantum dots (QD) embedded into its arms. In the Coulomb-blockade regime, transport through each QD proceeds via a single resonance. The resonances are coupled through the arms of the AB device but may also be coupled directly. In the framework of the Landauer--Buttiker approach, we present expressions for the scattering matrix which depend explicitly on the energies of the two resonances and on the AB phase. We pay particular attention to the crossing of the two resonances.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figur

Aharonov-Bohm Effect for Parallel and T-shaped Double Quantum Dots

We investigate the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect for the double quantum dots in the Kondo regime using the slave-boson mean-field approximation. In contrast to the non-interacting case, where the AB oscillation generally has the period of 4$\pi$ when the two-subring structure is formed via the interdot tunneling $t_c$, we find that the AB oscillation has the period of 2$\pi$ in the Kondo regime. Such effects appear for the double quantum dots close to the T-shaped geometry even in the charge-fluctuation regime. These results follow from the fact that the Kondo resonance is always fixed to the Fermi level irrespective of the detailed structure of the bare dot-levels.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures; minor change

Multi-seasonal systematic camera-trapping reveals fluctuating densities and high turnover rates of Carpathian lynx on the western edge of its native range

Camera-trapping and capture-recapture models are the most widely used tools for estimating densities of wild felids that have unique coat patterns, such as Eurasian lynx. However, studies dealing with this species are predominantly on a short-term basis and our knowledge of temporal trends and population persistence is still scarce. By using systematic camera-trapping and spatial capture-recapture models, we estimated lynx densities and evaluated density fluctuations, apparent survival, transition rate and individual's turnover during five consecutive seasons at three different sites situated in the Czech–Slovak–Polish borderland at the periphery of the Western Carpathians. Our density estimates vary between 0.26 and 1.85 lynx/100 km2 suitable habitat and represent the lowest and the highest lynx densities reported from the Carpathians. We recorded 1.5–4.1-fold changes in asynchronous fluctuated densities among all study sites and seasons. Furthermore, we detected high individual’s turnover (on average 46.3 ± 8.06% in all independent lynx and 37.6 ± 4.22% in adults) as well as low persistence of adults (only 3 out of 29 individuals detected in all seasons). The overall apparent survival rate was 0.63 ± 0.055 and overall transition rate between sites was 0.03 ± 0.019. Transition rate of males was significantly higher than in females, suggesting male-biased dispersal and female philopatry. Fluctuating densities and high turnover rates, in combination with documented lynx mortality, indicate that the population in our region faces several human-induced mortalities, such as poaching or lynx-vehicle collisions. These factors might restrict population growth and limit the dispersion of lynx to other subsequent areas, thus undermining the favourable conservation status of the Carpathian population. Moreover, our study demonstrates that long-term camera-trapping surveys are needed for evaluation of population trends and for reliable estimates of demographic parameters of wild territorial felids, and can be further used for establishing successful management and conservation measures

Generating Two Continuous Entangled Microwave Beams Using a dc-Biased Josephson Junction

We show experimentally that a dc-biased Josephson junction in series with two microwave resonators emits entangled beams of microwaves leaking out of the resonators. In the absence of a stationary phase reference for characterizing the entanglement of the outgoing beams, we measure second-order coherence functions to prove the entanglement. The experimental results are found in quantitative agreement with theory, proving that the low-frequency noise of the dc bias is the main limitation for the coherence time of the entangled beams. This agreement allows us to evaluate the entropy of entanglement of the resonators, estimate the entanglement flux at their output, and to identify the improvements that could bring this device closer to a useful bright source of entangled microwaves for quantum-technological applications

Young people practicing martial arts and their perception of success

Background: The scientific framework for this study is the Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts that provides the specific language and definitions for Combat Sports/Martial Arts manifestations. Objective: The main aim was to describe the “perception of success” in groups in age 15-17, 11,11% girls and 88,89% boys involved in martial arts training. Participants ( n = 63) consisted of young martial artists from Poland and the United States. Methods: The instrument used for data collection was the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) (translated into Polish); Statistical analysis consisted of calculating the Spearman rank correlation for each pair of subgroups being analyzed a Coefficient of variation for comparison between the values of measurement. Results: 1) A weak correlation between the type of cultivated fighting style and the perceptions of success (Spearman rank correlation = ,35); 2) A moderate relationship between the US participants versus the Polish participants, and the perceptions of success (Spearman rank = ,69); and 3) A weak relationship between sex (as a gender) and the perceptions of success in the martial arts and combat sports (Spearman rank = ,34). Conclusions: This study concludes that the form or style of cultivated martial art or combat sport being practiced did not have a significant impact on the perception of success expressed by children and young people engaged in it