The challenges of emancipation in the context of autonomy of adults with visual impairment

The aim of this article is to identify significant determinants of emancipation of persons with visual impairment. Ridding oneself of restrictions, stereotypes, and even violence affecting various spheres of functioning of a blind adult is crucial to the mdevelopment and consolidation of his/her subjectivity. It is assumed that conscious autonomy of visually impaired people, enabling and conditioning performance of the tasks related to adulthood, requires independence in orientation and mobility, independence in carrying out activities of daily living, easy access to information and opportunities to communicate, undertaking satisfying professional activities as well as rewarding family, social and cultural activities. Developing subjectivity and autonomy in adulthood requires support from the family, as well as well-planned and consistently implemented educational and rehabilitation activities. The process of expanding autonomy of an individual can take place in relationship to the emancipation process of the group. One example is the activities of foundations run by visually impaired persons, whose main purpose is promoting dignified living of the blind.The aim of this article is to identify significant determinants of emancipation of persons with visual impairment. Ridding oneself of restrictions, stereotypes, and even violence affecting various spheres of functioning of a blind adult is crucial to the mdevelopment and consolidation of his/her subjectivity. It is assumed that conscious autonomy of visually impaired people, enabling and conditioning performance of the tasks related to adulthood, requires independence in orientation and mobility, independence in carrying out activities of daily living, easy access to information and opportunities to communicate, undertaking satisfying professional activities as well as rewarding family, social and cultural activities. Developing subjectivity and autonomy in adulthood requires support from the family, as well as well-planned and consistently implemented educational and rehabilitation activities. The process of expanding autonomy of an individual can take place in relationship to the emancipation process of the group. One example is the activities of foundations run by visually impaired persons, whose main purpose is promoting dignified living of the blind

German population displacement and the fight against manifestationsof germanness in Bielsko and Bielsko district after World War II

After the Second World War there was a great urgency among the Polish Communists to get rid of Germans from Polish society (to marginalize them totally and not to erase as the Nazis had done). They were charged with war crimes against Poles and, generally, with participation in the genocide committed by the German Nazis. Besides, as some Poles had signed the Volksliste, it was thought they should be punished as well. The problem took on considerable significance in Bielsko and its neighbourhood, inhabited by a lot of Germans. The mass operation commenced in the summer of 1945; during the operation, performed with varying intensity until 1950, about 7000 people were - voluntarily or forcibly - displaced from the area. At the same time, the operation to extirpate all displays of Germanness took place. Speaking the German language was prohibited and German notices, inscriptions and slogans had to disappear from houses, advertisements, buildings, municipality and government offices, tombstones and prints; even the German names were removed from the calendar. The operation assumed the most substantial proportions in the years 1947 to 1948

Comparative effects of diazepam and midazolam on paraoxon toxicity in rats

The present study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of a new water-soluble benzodiazepine, midazolam, to diazepam, both administered im for protection against diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon) toxicity. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with midazolam or diazepam (0.32-32.0 mg/kg) alone or in combination with atropine (10.0 mg/kg). Twenty minutes later 2 x LD50 of paraoxon was injected sc and the incidence of seizures and death were recorded for 24 hr. In another series of experiments, the LD50 of paraoxon was evaluated in the rats pretreated im with atropine (10.0 mg/kg) and midazolam or diazepam (10.0 mg/kg). Pretreatment with atropine alone did not prevent paraoxon-induced seizures but did reduce mortality. Both benzodiazepines were very effective alone or when combined with atropine in reducing the incidence of paraoxon-induced seizures. When given alone, neither benzodiazepine protected against paraoxon-induced mortality. However, when combined with atropine both benzodiazepines dramatically decreased the lethality of 2 x LD50 of paraoxon. In equal doses given im, midazolam proved to be more potent than diazepam.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25486/1/0000027.pd

Stefania Wojtyła - unknown story relative Pope

Stefania Wojtyła (1891 - 1962) was a half-sister of Karol Wojtyła’s father. When Karol’s parents and his brother Edmund died, Stefania remained a next of kin of the later Pope. She was a techer by profession, worked in Biła City and in – situated nearby - Rybarzowice village, . During the Second World War she was initially unemployed, and then she was teaching in German schools in Biała and Dziedzice. At that time she signed German People’s List, so called The Deutsche Volksliste. After the war she was banned from working in the Biała county due to her attitude during the occupation of Poland. She decided to go to Stodoły village, near Rybnik in so-called Recovered Territories, where she took up a job of the headmaster of a school. She worked there until she went into retirement in 1958. The last years of her life she spent in Krakow, running a household of Karol Wojtyła - then a bishop

Veracruz-Anton Lizardo Reefs, Mexico: A hybrid carbonate-siliciclastic system

Veracruz-Anton Lizardo reefs are the only major living patch reefis in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. These reefs are a classic example of coral reef growth in a terrigenous environment. The reef complex includes 13 reefs, and 3 islands near Veracruz Harbor, and 15 reefs and 4 islands off the headiand of Anton-Lizardo, state of Veracruz, Mexico. Petrographic study reveals that most of the sediments in reef top and upper flank environmeiits comprise several types of coral-encrusted red-algal boundstones with associated coral-molluscan grainstones. The most common coral is Acropora palmata. Almost all reef tops in the carbonate buildups contain at least a few percent quartz, feldspar, and/or volcanic rock fragments. Some even display transported, fresh-water charophytes. Non-carbonate sand in reef top samples averages ~ 5%. The provenance of fine, non-carbonate sand and volcanic rock fragments in the reefs off the port of Veracruz appears to be the Jalapa (Teziutlán) Province. Terrigenous sediments (and calcified fresh water algal cells) that occur in reef tops off the Anton Lizardo salient are likely sourced from either the drainage basins of the Río Jamapa (vicinity of Mt. Orizaba/Citialtépetl) or the Río Papaloapan (Sierra de Juárez source terrane). Multiple recycling of terrigenous glass shards and volcaniclastic sands from the coastal dune fields between Boca del Río (mouth of the Río Jamapa) and the headland of Anton Lizardo may have resulted in additional siliciclastic contamination of these reef tops