Implications for early interventionists: Cross-cultural and low-income family differences

This study examined the existing literature on current early intervention processes for children who are deaf or hard of hearing who are from low-income or minority families. The review of literature includes a framework of understanding the dynamics of low-income households and cultural differences among African Americans, Latin Americans, and American Indians

Is it just me? The organizational implications of individual and collective burnout in schools

Purpose: This paper explores how individual and collective burnout has become an organizational concern for school leaders, why burnout matters and what might be done to address the problems individual and organizational burnout generates. Design/methodology/approach: This paper presents an analysis of the current literature regarding individual and collective burnout, identifies contributing factors and explores the impacts of each. Following a discussion and synthesis of the research literature, implications for practice are presented. Findings: Highlighting exhaustion as a factor in burnout and as a significant consequence of stress, the paper proposes specific individual teacher and leader actions focused on addressing broad organizational responses with the potential to address the consequences of burnout including depersonalization, cynicism, emotional and compassion fatigue, and a loss of individual and collective efficacy. The authors argue that for burnout to be successfully mitigated, urgent strategic and focused organizational responses are essential to identify, track, and counter individual and collective burnout. Originality/value: Much of the existing burnout literature focuses on the individual as the locus of experience and inquiry. The authors contend that this predominant focus on individual experience is insufficient to address systemic organizational issues, problems and concerns facing educational organizations that perpetuates and accelerates the experience of individuals. This paper contribution elevates conceptions of and discussions about burnout to the organizational level and reframes the conversation by focusing on organizational responses

Processing Trauma: Reading Art in 9/11 Novels

While the negative effects of the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 are still permeating throughout the United States, a few novelists have taken on the extreme task of writing about this historic event. Richard Gray describes the failure of language after the attack took place, yet novelists wanted to write about this tragedy anyway. Reading trauma in 9/11 is inevitable as it is important. In looking at three novels that deal with the events during and the aftermath of 9/11, I hope to consider the way art is used in these texts. In doing so, my thesis will look at the possibility of art being able to heal the wounds of this traumatic event. My second chapter will focus on the novel Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close by Jonathan Safran Foer. This novel depicts the effect 9/11 had on the child protagonist, Oskar, and follows him as he works through the trauma of losing his father in the South Tower. The third chapter of my thesis will discuss Don DeLillo\u27s Falling Man, which offers a depiction of the powerful effect trauma has on the main characters in the novel, particularly Lianne. The performance artist is discussed at length. My fourth chapter will discuss the novel The Submission by Amy Waldman. Just as Maya Lin\u27s submission for her Vietnam memorial sparked controversy, Waldman takes the same approach by casting an American Muslim as the artist and memorial architect for 9/11. While the previous novels focus on the personal effects of trauma on the characters, my chapter on The Submission will elucidate how trauma is negotiated on a national scale. I hope to answer such questions as: What do we expect in a memorial? What should we expect? What are the various demands survivors place on memorials

As sementes dos cuidados paliativos: ordem do discurso de enfermeiras

Palliative care is becoming a professional knowledge and performance field by means of the proposal of another “regimen of truths”. Such fact can be observed in the broadening of palliative care services and in the increase of publications on the subject. This study aims at learning the discourses on palliative care that the nurses have conveyed in the nursing publications. For such purpose, we approached the Cultural Studies, especially those inspired on Michel Foucault in order to analyze articles published in two national nursing periodicals from 1999 to 2007. Among the statements, we point out those that see the hospital as a site where the patient is divested of his individuality and identity and those that mention such care as capable of providing the family and the patient with the best quality of life possible during the death process. Descriptors: Palliative Care. Discourses. Death.Los cuidados paliativos están se constituyendo en un campo de saber y actuación profesional por medio de la propuesta de un otro “régimen de verdades”. Se puede observar tal facto debido a la ampliación de los servicios paliativos y al aumento de las publicaciones acerca de la temática. Ese estudio objetiva conocer los discursos acerca de los cuidados paliativos que las enfermeras han vehiculado en las publicaciones de enfermería. Para tanto, nos aproximamos de los Estudios Culturales, especialmente de la vertiente inspirada en Michel Foucault, para analizar artículos publicados en dos periódicos nacionales de enfermería de 1990 hasta 2007. De entre los enunciados, destacamos aquellos que apuntan el hospital como un local donde el paciente es despido de su individualidad e identidad y aquellos que citan eses cuidados como capaces de proporcionar a la familia y al paciente la mejor calidad de vida posible durante el proceso de morir. Descriptores: Cuidados Paliativos. Discursos. Muerte.Os cuidados paliativos estão se constituindo em um campo de saber e atuação profissional por meio da proposta de um outro “regime de verdades”. Pode-se observar tal fato devido à ampliação dos serviços paliativistas e o aumento das publicações sobre a temática. Esse estudo objetiva conhecer os discursos acerca dos cuidados paliativos que as enfermeiras têm veiculado nas publicações de enfermagem. Para tanto nos aproximamos dos Estudos Culturais, especialmente da vertente inspirada em Michel Foucaullt, para analisar artigos publicados em dois periódicos nacionais de enfermagem de 1990 a 2007. Dentre os enunciados destacamos aqueles que apontam o hospital como um local onde o paciente é despido de sua individualidade e identidade e aqueles que citam esses cuidados como capazes de proporcionar à família e ao paciente a melhor qualidade de vida possível durante o processo de morrer

Em defesa da sociedade: a invenção dos cuidados paliativos e a produção de subjetividades

Reflexión teórica que forma parte de un estudio denominado En Defensa de la Sociedad: la invención de los Cuidados Paliativos. Para articular la discusión, utilizamos el manual de Cuidados Paliativos, publicado en 2007 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), entendiéndolo como parte de un artefacto capaz de producir subjetividades y gobernar conductas. En tal sentido, pretendemos conocer el modo en el que los discursos sobre Cuidados Paliativos se articulan y generan la invención de una nueva disciplina que funciona como estrategia biopolitica para la defensa social. A partir del análisis textual del discurso instituido por el manual, con ayuda del referencial teórico de Estudios Culturales y bajo inspiración de escritos de Michel Foucault, articulamos una posible lectura de la guía. Así, observamos la (re)organización y la (re)invención de una disciplina que invierten en la subjetividad de los individuos, constituyendo aparatos de verdad que regulan y gobiernan la población.This article is a theoretical reflection that is part of a study named Em Defesa da Sociedade: a invenção dos Cuidados Paliativos (In Defense of Society: the invention of Palliative Care). In order to articulate this discussion, we used the 2007edition of the Palliative Care Manual published by the World Health Organization (WHO), as we understand it is part of a body of work capable of producing subjectivities and ruling conduct. In this sense, we intend to understand how the discourses on palliative care are associated and promote the invention of a new subject that would work as a bio-political strategy in order to defend society. Based on the textual analysis of the discourse presented in the manual, with the help of the Cultural Studies framework and inspired by the works of Michel Foucault, we present one of the possible meanings derived from the readings of the WHO Guide. Thus, we observe the (re)organization and (re)invention of a subject that invests in the subjectivity of individuals and constitutes an actual framework that regulates and rules the population.O artigo é uma reflexão teórica que faz parte de um estudo denominado Em Defesa da Sociedade: a invenção dos Cuidados Paliativos. Para articular tal discussão, utilizamos o manual de Cuidados Paliativos, publicado no ano de 2007 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), entendendo-o como parte de um artefato capaz de produzir subjetividades e governar condutas. Nesse sentido, pretendemos descobrir como os discursos sobre os Cuidados Paliativos se articulam e efetuam a invenção de uma nova disciplina que funcionaria como uma estratégia biopolítica para defender a sociedade. A partir da análise textual do discurso instituído pelo manual, com o auxílio do referencial dos Estudos Culturais e sob a inspiração dos escritos de Michel Foucault, articulamos uma das possíveis leituras deste guia. Desta maneira observamos a (re)organização e a (re)invenção de uma disciplina que investe na subjetividade dos indivíduos constituindo aparatos de verdade que regulam e governam a população

O corpo ideal: a pedagogia da mídia

We present announcements that circulate in the media regarding the body, arguing ways for which the speeches related with the maintenance of the health and with the aesthetic one are invest in its perfection. For this, we use the Caderno Vida, weekly periodical of Zero Hora, to understanding it as possessing of a proper speech that has the power of subjective people. The analysis is enrolled in the field of the Cultural Studies, supporting itself in the ideas of Michel Foucault. The used strategy was the analysis of speech of the substances that turned on cares with the body. The periodical interpellates its readers using speeches that point with respect to the beauty, the health and the success. The constructed categories had been: as it is the ideal body, what to make to have this body and why we must have this body. The balanced feeding, practical of regular physical activities and the accomplishment of plastic surgeries are lapsings recurrently found in weekly periodicals.Les presentamos algunos enunciados que circulan en los medios respecto del cuerpo, en los que se discuten los modos por los cuales los discursos relacionados con el mantenimiento de la salud y con la estética hacen hincapié en su perfeccionamiento. Para eso, utilizamos Caderno Vida, un suplemento semanal del diario Zero Hora, por entender que es portador de un discurso propio que tiene el poder de subjetivar a las personas. El análisis se inscribe en el campo de los Estudios Culturales, basándose en las ideas de Michel Foucault. La estrategia metodológica utilizada fue el análisis del discurso de los temas que giraban sobre los cuidados del cuerpo. El periódico influye a los lectores utilizando discursos que apuntan a la belleza, la salud y el éxito. Las categorías construidas fueron: cómo es el cuerpo ideal o qué hacer para tener ese cuerpo y por qué debemos tener ese cuerpo. La alimentación balanceada, la práctica de actividad física habitual y la realización de cirugías plásticas son las prescripciones frecuentemente encontradas en esos suplementos.Apresentamos enunciados que circulam na mídia a respeito do corpo, discutindo modos pelos quais os discursos relacionados com a manutenção da saúde e com a estética investem no seu aperfeiçoamento. Para isso, utilizamos o Caderno Vida, encarte semanal do jornal Zero Hora, por entendê-lo como possuidor de um discurso próprio que tem o poder de subjetivar pessoas. A análise inscreve-se no campo dos Estudos Culturais, apoiando-se nas idéias de Michel Foucault. A estratégia metodológica utilizada foi a análise de discurso das matérias que versavam sobre cuidados com o corpo. O jornal interpela seus leitores utilizando discursos que apontam para a beleza, a saúde e o sucesso. As categorias construídas foram: como é o corpo ideal, o que fazer para ter esse corpo e por que devemos ter esse corpo. A alimentação balanceada, a prática de atividade física regular e a realização de cirurgias plásticas são prescrições recorrentemente encontradas nos encartes

Peritumoral endothelial indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression is an early independent marker of disease relapse in colorectal cancer and is influenced by DNA mismatch repair profile

Targeting immune checkpoint molecules has become a major new strategy in the treatment of several cancers. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-inhibitors are a potential next-generation immunotherapy, currently investigated in multiple phase I-III trials. IDO is an intracellular immunosuppressive enzyme and its expression/ activity has been associated with worse prognosis in several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of IDO in colorectal cancer (CRC). In a cohort of 94 CRC patients, primary tumors (PTs) with corresponding tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs, n = 93) and extranodal/distant metastases (n = 27) were retrospectively analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for IDO, CD8 and Foxp3. 45 MSS and 37 MSI-H tumors were selected to compare IDO expression, as these tumors are considered to have different immunogenicity. A highly consistent expression pattern of IDO was observed in the PT, TDLNs and metastases, indicating that immune resistance may be determined very early in the disease course. IDO was expressed both by tumoral cells and host endothelial cells and these expressions were highly correlated (p < 0.001). IDO expression was observed more frequently in the MSI-H subset compared with the MSS subset (43% vs 22% for tumoral expression (p = 0.042) and 38% vs 16% for endothelial expression (p = 0.021)). Endothelial IDO expression was demonstrated to be a negative prognostic marker for recurrence free survival independent of disease stage and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status (HR 20.67, 95% CI: 3.05-139.94; p = 0.002). These findings indicate that endothelial IDO expression in primary CRC, in addition to the MMR profile, may be helpful in disease stratification.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe