Investigating the potential hazard, mechanisms of failure, and evolution of the Cascade Bay landslide

The Cascade Bay landslide is a large postglacial bedrock failure on the east side of Harrison Lake in southwestern British Columbia. It occurs in meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic bedrock near the Harrison Lake Shear Zone (HLSZ), a large right-lateral strike-slip fault. Data derived from airborne LiDAR, terrestrial laser scanning, differential GPS, field observations, and laboratory techniques were analyzed for spatial relationships using GIS databases. The landslide boundaries appear to strike parallel to zones of damaged bedrock and secondary Riedel faults related to the HLSZ. A wedge-shaped failure forms the upper half of the landslide, while the lower failure zone probably daylights through a combination of low angle shear surfaces and intact rock fracture. Geomorphic mapping shows secondary debris failures extensively remobilized the primary landslide deposit. Differential GPS measurements and field observations show ongoing deformation in portions of the landslide deposit. Recent failures occur in fine-grained black colluvium with moderate plasticity

Sequential space methods

The class of sequential spaces and its successive smaller subclasses, the Fréchet spaces and the first-countable spaces, have topologies which are completely specified by their convergent sequences. Because sequences have many advantages over nets, these topological spaces are of interest. Special attention is paid to those properties of first-countable spaces which can or cannot be generalized to Fréchet or sequential spaces. For example, countable compactness and sequential compactness are equivalent in the larger class of sequential spaces. On the other hand, a Fréchet space with unique sequential limits need not be Hausdorff, and there is a product of two Fréchet spaces which is not sequential. Some of the more difficult problems are connected with products. The topological product of an arbitrary sequential space and a T₃ (regular and T₁) sequential space X is sequential if and only if X is locally countably compact. There are also several results which demonstrate the non-productive nature of Fréchet spaces. The sequential spaces and the Fréchet spaces are precisely the quotients and continuous pseudo-open images, respectively, of either (ordered) metric spaces or (ordered) first-countable spaces. These characterizations follow from those of the generalized sequential spaces and the generalized Fréchet spaces. The notions of convergence subbasis and convergence basis play an important role here. Quotient spaces are characterized in terms of convergence subbases, and continuous pseudo-open images in terms of convergence bases. The equivalence of hereditarily quotient maps The class of sequential spaces and its successive smaller subclasses, the Fréchet spaces and the first-countable spaces, have topologies which are completely specified by their convergent sequences. Because sequences have many advantages over nets, these topological spaces are of interest. Special attention is paid to those properties of first-countable spaces which can or cannot be generalized to Fréchet or sequential spaces. For example, countable compactness and sequential compactness are equivalent in the larger class of sequential spaces. On the other hand, a Fréchet space with unique sequential limits need not be Hausdorff, and there is a product of two Fréchet spaces which is not sequential. Some of the more difficult problems are connected with products. The topological product of an arbitrary sequential space and a T₃ (regular and T₁) sequential space X is sequential if and only if X is locally countably compact. There are also several results which demonstrate the non-productive nature of Fréchet spaces. The sequential spaces and the Fréchet spaces are precisely the quotients and continuous pseudo-open images, respectively, of either (ordered) metric spaces or (ordered) first-countable spaces. These characterizations follow from those of the generalized sequential spaces and the generalized Fréchet spaces. The notions of convergence subbasis and convergence basis play an important role here. Quotient spaces are characterized in terms of conver-gence subbases, and continuous pseudo-open images in terms of convergence bases. The equivalence of hereditarily quotient maps and continuous pseudo-open maps implies the latter result. and continuous pseudo-open maps implies the latter result.Science, Faculty ofMathematics, Department ofGraduat

Influences of habitat interspersion on habitat use by Columbian black-tailed deer

Use of forage, cover, and border habitat by Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columblanus (Richardson)) was examined at two levels of selection: within home ranges and during home range establishment. Patterns of habitat use were evaluated in relation to changing seasons, different migratory behaviours, and areas of intensive deer use (defined by concentrations of radio locations). Relative use did not differ from relative availability for forage, cover, and border habitats. Availability of those habitats, however, changed seasonally as deer home ranges changed or different intensities of deer use were examined. Cover and border habitats, particularly borders between old-growth and second-growth forests, were more available in winter than, in summer home ranges. Areas receiving intensive deer use were characterized by more border and cover habitat than areas of less intensive use. Because use was directly proportional to availability, changing availability suggested that habitat selection occurred as home ranges were established. Comparisons of forage, cover, and border composition in actual home ranges and areas where home ranges potentially could have been located suggested preference for cover and border habitats. These comparisons, however, did not indicate disproportionately high use of interspersed habitats, perhaps because of the high degree of habitat interspersion in the study area.Forestry, Faculty ofGraduat

The Victorian Forestry Roundtable Meeting: a discussion of transitions to sustainability in Victorian Forests

A Forestry Roundtable meeting, convened at Marysville in Central Victoria from August to September 2002, to explore issues associated with improvement of the management of Victoria's montane ash forests, is presented. The objectives of the meeting are t