691 research outputs found
Axisymmetric equilibria of a gravitating plasma with incompressible flows
It is found that the ideal magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium of an axisymmetric
gravitating magnetically confined plasma with incompressible flows is governed
by a second-order elliptic differential equation for the poloidal magnetic flux
function containing five flux functions coupled with a Poisson equation for the
gravitation potential, and an algebraic relation for the pressure. This set of
equations is amenable to analytic solutions. As an application, the
magnetic-dipole static axisymmetric equilibria with vanishing poloidal plasma
currents derived recently by Krasheninnikov, Catto, and Hazeltine [Phys. Rev.
Lett. {\bf 82}, 2689 (1999)] are extended to plasmas with finite poloidal
currents, subject to gravitating forces from a massive body (a star or black
hole) and inertial forces due to incompressible sheared flows. Explicit
solutions are obtained in two regimes: (a) in the low-energy regime
, where
, , , and are related to the thermal,
poloidal-current, flow and gravitating energies normalized to the
poloidal-magnetic-field energy, respectively, and (b) in the high-energy regime
. It turns out
that in the high-energy regime all four forces, pressure-gradient,
toroidal-magnetic-field, inertial, and gravitating contribute equally to the
formation of magnetic surfaces very extended and localized about the symmetry
plane such that the resulting equilibria resemble the accretion disks in
astrophysics.Comment: 12 pages, latex, to be published in Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid
Dynamic
Computational study of boron nitride nanotube synthesis: how catalyst morphology stabilizes the boron nitride bond
In an attempt to understand why catalytic methods for the growth of boron
nitride nanotubes work much worse than for their carbon counterparts, we use
first-principles calculations to study the energetics of elemental reactions
forming N2, B2 and BN molecules on an iron catalyst. We observe that in the
case of these small molecules, the catalytic activity is hindered by the
formation of B2 on the iron surface. We also observe that the local morphology
of a step edge present in our nanoparticle model stabilizes the boron nitride
molecule with respect to B2 due to the ability of the step edge to offer sites
with different coordination simultaneously for nitrogen and boron. Our results
emphasize the importance of atomic steps for a high yield chemical vapor
deposition growth of BN nanotubes and may outline new directions for improving
the efficiency of the method.Comment: submitted to physical review
Torsional stability capacity of a nano-composite shell based on a nonlocal strain gradient shell model under a three-dimensional magnetic field
This paper considers a single-walled composite nano-shell (SWCNS) exposed in a torsional critical stability situation. As the magnetic field affects remarkably nanostructures in the small size, a three-dimensional magnetic field is assessed which contains magnetic effects along the circumferential, radial and axial coordinates system. Based on the results of the nonlocal model of strain gradient small-scale approach and the first-order shear deformation shell theory (FSDST), the problem is estimated. Afterward, the numerical results are taken analytically and compared with other existing literature. Hereafter, the influences of various factors, such as the magnetic field, are discussed deeply. It is observed that when the magnetic field is studied in three dimensions, the transverse magnetic effect is the most serious factor that affects fundamentally the torsional stability of the shell
Enhanced longitudinal mode spacing in blue-violet InGaN semiconductor laser
A novel explanation of observed enhanced longitudinal mode spacing in InGaN
semiconductor lasers has been proposed. It has been demonstrated that e-h
plasma oscillations, which can exist in the laser active layer at certain
driving conditions, are responsible for mode clustering effect. The resonant
excitation of the plasma oscillations occurs due to longitudinal mode beating.
The separation of mode clusters is typically by an order of magnitude larger
that the individual mode spacing.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure
Bundling up carbon nanotubes through Wigner defects
We show, using ab initio total energy density functional theory, that the
so-called Wigner defects, an interstitial carbon atom right besides a vacancy,
which are present in irradiated graphite can also exist in bundles of carbon
nanotubes. Due to the geometrical structure of a nanotube, however, this defect
has a rather low formation energy, lower than the vacancy itself, suggesting
that it may be one of the most important defects that are created after
electron or ion irradiation. Moreover, they form a strong link between the
nanotubes in bundles, increasing their shear modulus by a sizeable amount,
clearly indicating its importance for the mechanical properties of nanotube
bundles.Comment: 5 pages and 4 figure
Record of the Holocene magmatism of Avachinsky and Koryaksky volcanoes: geochemical and tephrochronological approach
Mechanisms of Postsynthesis Doping of Boron Nitride Nanostructures with Carbon from First-Principles Simulations
Electron-beam-mediated postsynthesis doping of boron-nitride nanostructures with carbon atoms [Nature (London) 464, 571 (2010); J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 13 692 (2010)] was recently demonstrated, thus opening a new way to control the electronic properties of these systems. Using density-functional theory static and dynamic calculations, we show that the substitution process is governed not only by the response of such systems to irradiation, but also by the energetics of the atomic configurations, especially when the system is electrically charged. We suggest using spatially localized electron irradiation for making carbon islands and ribbons embedded into BN sheets. We further study the magnetic and electronic properties of such hybrid nanostructures and show that triangular carbon islands embedded into BN sheets possess magnetic moments, which can be switched on and off by electrically charging the structure.Peer reviewe
Submonolayers of carbon on alpha-Fe facets: An ab initio study
Motivated by recent in situ studies of carbon nanotube growth from large transition-metal nanoparticles, we study various α-iron (ferrite) facets at different carbon concentrations using ab initio methods. The studied (110), (100), and (111) facets show qualitatively different behavior when carbon concentration changes. In particular, adsorbed carbon atoms repel each other on the (110) facet, resulting in carbon dimer and graphitic material formation. Carbon on the (100) facet forms stable structures at concentrations of about 0.5 monolayer and at 1.0 monolayer this facet becomes unstable due to a frustration of the top-layer iron atoms. The stability of the (111) facet is weakly affected by the amount of adsorbed carbon and its stability increases further with respect to the (100) facet with increasing carbon concentration. The exchange of carbon atoms between the surface and subsurface regions on the (111) facet is easier than on the other facets and the formation of carbon dimers is exothermic. These findings are in accordance with a recent in situ experimental study where the existence of graphene-decorated (111) facets is related to increased carbon concentration.Peer reviewe
Comment on 'Paired Gap States in a Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube: Deep and Shallow Levels'
A Comment on the Letter by Sungjun Lee et al., [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 166402 (2005)]. The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.Peer reviewe
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