163 research outputs found
On the nature of early-type galaxies
LEI Universiteit LeidenUBL - phd migration 201
Spectroastrometry of rotating gas disks for the detection of supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. II. Application to the galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128)
We measure the black hole mass in the nearby active galaxy Centaurus A (NGC
5128) using a new method based on spectroastrometry of a rotating gas disk. The
spectroastrometric approach consists in measuring the photocenter position of
emission lines for different velocity channels. In a previous paper we focused
on the basic methodology and the advantages of the spectroastrometric approach
with a detailed set of simulations demonstrating the possibilities for black
hole mass measurements going below the conventional spatial resolution. In this
paper we apply the spectroastrometric method to multiple longslit and integral
field near infrared spectroscopic observations of Centaurus A. We find that the
application of the spectroastrometric method provides results perfectly
consistent with the more complex classical method based on rotation curves: the
measured BH mass is nearly independent of the observational setup and spatial
resolution and the spectroastrometric method allows the gas dynamics to be
probed down to spatial scales of ~0.02", i.e. 1/10 of the spatial resolution
and ~1/50 of BH sphere of influence radius. The best estimate for the BH mass
based on kinematics of the ionized gas is then log(MBH (sin i)^2/M\odot)=7.5
\pm 0.1 which corresponds to MBH = 9.6(+2.5-1.8) \times 10^7 M\odot for an
assumed disk inclination of i = 35deg. The complementarity of this method with
the classic rotation curve method will allow us to put constraints on the disk
inclination which cannot be otherwise derived from spectroastrometry. With the
application to Centaurus A, we have shown that spectroastrometry opens up the
possibility of probing spatial scales smaller than the spatial resolution,
extending the measured MBH range to new domains which are currently not
accessible: smaller BHs in the local universe and similar BHs in more distant
galaxies
Perikoncepcijska suplementacija folnom kiselinom - znanja, stavovi i savetodavna praksa farmaceuta i farmaceutskih tehničara u Srbiji
Background/Aim. The protective effect of periconceptional folic acid supplementation in reducing the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) and other adverse pregnancy outcomes has been scientifically confirmed. The present study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of community pharmacists and pharmacy technicians with regards to counselling women of reproductive age on adequate folate intake. Methods. The cross-sectional study was conducted among the nationwide stratified sample of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, practicing in both private and state-owned community pharmacies in Serbia. The detailed literature review, expert consultation and pre-testing were employed in the questionnaire development. The descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software ver. 22. Results. Among 730 survey participants, 96.6% correctly identified types of deformities that could be prevented by folic acid and 77.0% recognized recommended dosage for women capable of becoming pregnant. However, fewer were able to recognize the optimal timing for folic acid supplementation (61.1%) and the proper dose for the NTD recurrence prevention (42.9 %). While 43.2% of pharmacy technicians thought that it was not their responsibility to provide a counselling concerning the measures for the prevention of congenital anomalies, only 4.7% of licensed pharmacists and none of the interns were of that opinion (χ2 = 198.287; df = 4; p lt 0.001). The majority of respondents (54.7%) reported provision of informative consultation concerning folic acid once a week, or few times a month, while only 10 stated to do so on a daily basis. In addition, based on self-report, only 36.7% of participants communicates information and advice regarding adequate folate status at their own initiative, while the rest addresses this topic only on the patients request, i.e., reactively. Conclusion. Although participants acknowledged the importance of their role in preconception health promotion, our findings revealed certain knowledge gaps as well as dominantly reactive counselling practice. Tailored educational interventions and professional support are needed to improve the engagement of community pharmacy personnel in this area of public health.Uvod/Cilj. Naučno je potvrđen zaštitni efekat primene suplemenata folne kiseline u perikoncepcijskom periodu u redukciji rizika od nastanka defekata nervne cevi (DNC) i drugih neželjenih ishoda trudnoće. Cilj ove studije bio je ispitivanje znanja, stavova i prakse farmaceuta i farmaceutskih tehničara zaposlenih u javnim apotekama u vezi sa savetovanjem žena reproduktivne dobi o adekvatnom unosu folata. Metode. Sprovedenom studijom preseka obuhvaćen je nacionalni stratifikovani uzorak farmaceuta i farmaceutskih tehničara zaposlenih u državnim i privatnim javnim apotekama u Srbiji. Detaljan pregled literature, ekspertske konsultacije i pre-testiranje primenjeni su u procesu razvoja upitnika. Deskriptivna i inferencijalna statistička analiza realizovane su primenom SPSS softvera ver. 22. Rezultati. Od 730 ispitanika, 96,6% tačno je identifikovalo vrste deformiteta koji se mogu prevenirati primenom folne kiseline, a 77,0% prepoznalo je preporučenu dozu za žene sposobne da ostanu u drugom stanju. Ipak, manji udeo ispitanika prepoznao je optimalni vremenski okvir za suplementaciju (61,1%), kao i adekvatnu dozu za prevenciju rekurence DNC (42,9%). Dok je 43,2% farmaceutskih tehničara izrazilo uverenje da nije njihova obaveza da sprovode savetovanje o merama za prevenciju kongenitalnih anomalija, takvo mišljenje imalo je samo 4,7% licenciranih farmaceuta i nijedan farmaceut-stažer (χ2 = 198.287; df = 4; p lt 0,001). Većina učesnika studije (54,7%) izjavila je da pruža informativne konsultacije u vezi folne kiseline jednom nedeljno ili nekoliko puta mesečno, a samo 10 ispitanika tvrdilo je da to čini svakodnevno. Dodatno, na osnovu sopstvenog izveštaja, samo 36,7% ispitanika pruža savete i informacije o adekvatnom statusu folata na sopstvenu inicijativu, dok ostatak ovu temu pominje samo na zahtev pacijenta tj. reaktivno. Zaključak. Iako su ispitanici prepoznali značaj sopstvene uloge u promociji zdravlja u prekoncepcijskom periodu, naši rezultati ukazali su na određene propuste u znanju i dominantno reaktivan pristup savetovanju. Prilagođene edukativne intervencije i profesionalna podrška neophodni su za unapređenje javnozdravstvenog angažovanja farmaceutskog tima iz javnih apoteka u ovoj oblasti
Relation between dust and radio luminosity in optically selected early type galaxies
We have surveyed an optical/IR selected sample of nearby E/S0 galaxies with
and without nuclear dust structures with the VLA at 3.6 cm to a sensitivity of
100 Jy. We can construct a Radio Luminosity Function (RLF) of these
galaxies to ~10^19 W/Hz and find that ~50% of these galaxies have AGNs at this
level. The space density of these AGNs equals that of starburst galaxies at
this luminosity. Several dust-free galaxies have low luminosity radio cores,
and their RLF is not significantly less than that of the dusty galaxies.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&
The MUSE-Wide Survey: Survey Description and First Data Release
We present the MUSE-Wide survey, a blind, 3D spectroscopic survey in the
CANDELS/GOODS-S and CANDELS/COSMOS regions. Each MUSE-Wide pointing has a depth
of 1 hour and hence targets more extreme and more luminous objects over 10
times the area of the MUSE-Deep fields (Bacon et al. 2017). The legacy value of
MUSE-Wide lies in providing "spectroscopy of everything" without photometric
pre-selection. We describe the data reduction, post-processing and PSF
characterization of the first 44 CANDELS/GOODS-S MUSE-Wide pointings released
with this publication. Using a 3D matched filtering approach we detected 1,602
emission line sources, including 479 Lyman- (Lya) emitting galaxies
with redshifts . We cross-match the emission line
sources to existing photometric catalogs, finding almost complete agreement in
redshifts and stellar masses for our low redshift (z < 1.5) emitters. At high
redshift, we only find ~55% matches to photometric catalogs. We encounter a
higher outlier rate and a systematic offset of z0.2 when
comparing our MUSE redshifts with photometric redshifts. Cross-matching the
emission line sources with X-ray catalogs from the Chandra Deep Field South, we
find 127 matches, including 10 objects with no prior spectroscopic
identification. Stacking X-ray images centered on our Lya emitters yielded no
signal; the Lya population is not dominated by even low luminosity AGN. A total
of 9,205 photometrically selected objects from the CANDELS survey lie in the
MUSE-Wide footprint, which we provide optimally extracted 1D spectra of. We are
able to determine the spectroscopic redshift of 98% of 772 photometrically
selected galaxies brighter than 24th F775W magnitude. All the data in the first
data release - datacubes, catalogs, extracted spectra, maps - are available on
the website https://musewide.aip.de. [abridged]Comment: 25 pages 15+1 figures. Accepted, A&A. Comments welcom
Extracting science from surveys of our Galaxy
Our knowledge of the Galaxy is being revolutionised by a series of
photometric, spectroscopic and astrometric surveys. Already an enormous body of
data is available from completed surveys, and data of ever increasing quality
and richness will accrue at least until the end of this decade. To extract
science from these surveys we need a class of models that can give probability
density functions in the space of the observables of a survey -- we should not
attempt to "invert" the data from the space of observables into the physical
space of the Galaxy. Currently just one class of model has the required
capability, so-called "torus models". A pilot application of torus models to
understanding the structure of the Galaxy's thin and thick discs has already
produced two significant results: a major revision of our best estimate of the
Sun's velocity with respect to the Local Standard of Rest, and a successful
prediction of the way in which the vertical velocity dispersion in the disc
varies with distance from the Galactic plane.Comment: 13 pages. Invited review to appear in Pramana - journal of physics
(Indian Academy of Sciences
A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE: The contribution of rotation to cluster dynamics studied with 200 000 stars
This is the first of a series of papers presenting the results from our survey of 25 Galactic globular clusters with the MUSE integral-field spectrograph. In combination with our dedicated algorithm for source deblending, MUSE provides unique multiplex capabilities in crowded stellar fields and allows us to acquire samples of up to 20 000 stars within the half-light radius of each cluster. The present paper focuses on the analysis of the internal dynamics of 22 out of the 25 clusters, using about 500 000 spectra of 200 000 individual stars. Thanks to the large stellar samples per cluster, we are able to perform a detailed analysis of the central rotation and dispersion fields using both radial profiles and two-dimensional maps. The velocity dispersion profiles we derive show a good general agreement with existing radial velocity studies but typically reach closer to the cluster centres. By comparison with proper motion data we derive or update the dynamical distance estimates to 14 clusters. Compared to previous dynamical distance estimates for 47 Tuc, our value is in much better agreement with other methods. We further find significant (>3sigma) rotation in the majority (13/22) of our clusters. Our analysis seems to confirm earlier findings of a link between rotation and the ellipticities of globular clusters. In addition, we find a correlation between the strengths of internal rotation and the relaxation times of the clusters, suggesting that the central rotation fields are relics of the cluster formation that are gradually dissipated via two-body relaxation
The peculiar kinematics of the multiple populations in the globular cluster Messier 80 (NGC 6093)
We combine MUSE spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet (UV) photometry to perform a study of the chemistry and dynamics of the Galactic globular cluster Messier 80 (M80, NGC 6093). Previous studies have revealed three stellar populations that not only vary in their light-element abundances, but also in their radial distributions, with concentration decreasing with increasing nitrogen enrichment. This remarkable trend, which sets M80 apart from the other Galactic globular clusters, points towards a complex formation and evolutionary history. To better understand how M80 formed and evolved, revealing its internal kinematics is key. We find that the most N-enriched population rotates faster than the other two populations at a 2 sigma confidence level. While our data further suggest that the intermediate population shows the least amount of rotation, this trend is rather marginal (1 - 2 sigma). Using axisymmetric Jeans models, we show that these findings can be explained from the radial distributions of the populations if they possess different angular momenta. Our findings suggest that the populations formed with primordial kinematical differences
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