Implementation of discussion technologies in a personality-centered professional education

The conditions of modern labor market dictate the need for highly qualified specialists who creatively approach the performance of their professional activities, independently making competent productive decisions. In search of a solution to this problem, higher education institutions resort to the use of modern educational technologies. The article presents the forms of implementation of discussion technologies, their peculiarity, considers their importance and specificity of use in the conditions of personality-centered training and defines the goals of discussion technologies implementation in the course study. The study revealed an increase in the level of students’ training. The use of discussion technologies allowed them to study the topics of the course more deeply

Application of the similarity theory to analysis of photocatalytic hydrogen production and photocurrent generation

In this research some methods of the similarity theory were quantitatively applied to the description of the relationship between the efficiencies of the photocatalytic hydrogen production and photocurrent generation for the first time. Two possible similarity criteria, namely, such as the ratio of the number of electrons involved in the photocatalytic reaction to the generation of photocurrent ones and the ratio of energies transformed in the case of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution to the photocurrent, were obtained by the dimensional analysis. The literature data allow checking the first criterion. The application of the first possible similarity criterion to the samples with different chemical nature, solid solutions, series, in which the synthesis time or the ratio of catalyst components, electrolyte amount or its nature is changed, was analyzed. It was shown that the ratio of electrons may serve as the similarity criterion only under the conditions of geometric and physical similarities

Studying effects of external conditions of electrochemical measurements on the photoelectrochemical properties of semiconductors: cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and Mott – Schottky method

In this paper, the dependences of the semiconductors’ photoelectrochemical properties on the experimental conditions were studied for the solid solution of CdS and ZnS, graphitic carbon nitride, and the platinized carbon nitride. The cyclic voltammograms were obtained under different scan rates. The sample investigations were carried out by two ways, at the constant external voltage and varied amplitudes and at different external voltages and the fixed amplitude. The Mott – Schottky dependences were studied at different frequencies. The basic dependences of the changes in the photoelectrode target characteristics on the experimental condition were found. Some recommendations for the correct comparison of qualitative and quantitative photoelectrochemical data were formulated.https://doi.org/10.15826/elmattech.2023.2.01

Нелинейные локальные деформации мембран эритроцитов: действие токсинов и фармпрепаратов (Часть 2)

Modifiers of membranes cause local defects on the cell surface. Measurement of the rigidity at the sites of local defects can provide further information about the structure of defects and mechanical properties of altered membranes.The purpose of the study: a step-by-step study of the process of a nonlinear deformation of red blood cells membranes under the effect of modifiers of different physico-chemical nature.Materials and methods. The membrane deformation of a viscoelastic composite erythrocyte construction inside a cell was studied by the atomic force spectroscopy. Nonlinear deformations formed under the effect of hemin, Zn2+ ions, and verapamil were studied.Results. The process of elastic deformation of the membrane with the indentation of a probe at the sites of local defects caused by modifiers was demonstrated. The probe was inserted during the same step of the piezo scanner z displacement; the probe indentation occured at the different discrete values of h, which are the functions of the membrane structure. At the sites of domains, under the effect of the hemin, tension areas and plasticity areas appeared. A mathematical model of probe indentation at the site of membrane defects is presented.Conclusion. The molecular mechanisms of various types of nonlinear deformations occurring under the effect of toxins are discussed. The results of the study may be of interest both for fundamental researchers of the blood cell properties and for practical reanimatology and rehabilitology. Модификаторы мембран порождают локальные дефекты на поверхности клеток. Измерение жесткости в зонах локальных дефектов может дать дополнительную информацию о структуре дефектов и механических свойствах мембран в целом.Цель работы: пошаговое исследование процесса нелинейной деформации мембран эритроцитов при действии на них модификаторов различной физико-химической природы.Материалы и методы. Методом атомно-силовой спектроскопии провели исследование деформации мембран внутрь клетки вязко-упругой композитной конструкции эритроцита. Исследовали нелинейные деформации при действии гемина, ионов Zn2+, фармпрепарата верапамила.Результаты. Показали процесс упруго-эластичной деформации мембраны по мере индентации зонда в областях локальных дефектов, вызванных модификаторами. На один и тот же шаг смещения z пьезосканера зонд погружался на разные дискретные величины h, которые являются функциями структуры мембраны. В областях доменов при действии гемина возникали зоны натяжения и зоны пластичности. Привели математическая модель индентации зонда в области дефектов мембран.Заключение. Обсудили молекулярные механизмы различных видов нелинейных деформаций, возникающих при действии токсинов. Результаты работы могут представлять интерес как для фундаментальных исследований свойств клеток крови, так и для практической реаниматологии и реабилитологии

Lightsheet-based flow cytometer for whole blood with the ability for the magnetic retrieval of objects from the blood flow

Detection and extraction of circulating tumor cells and other rare objects in the bloodstream are of great interest for modern diagnostics, but devices that can solve this problem for the whole blood volume of laboratory animals are still rare. Here we have developed SPIM-based lightsheet flow cytometer for the detection of fluorescently-labeled objects in whole blood. The bypass channel between two blood vessels connected with the external flow cell was used to visualize, detect, and magnetically separate fluorescently-labeled objects without hydrodynamic focusing. Carriers for targeted drug delivery were used as model objects to test the device performance. They were injected into the bloodstream of the rat, detected fluorescently, and then captured from the bloodstream by a magnetic separator prior to filtration in organs. Carriers extracted from the whole blood were studied by a number of in vitro methods

Tools for assesing sustainable development of territories takinf into account cluster effects

Проблемы и поиски путей устойчивого развития территорий вызывают серьезную обеспокоенность органов власти во всем мире. Выбор методических подходов для оценки и мониторинга, показателей в качестве критериев устойчивости и способов их обработки является важной концептуальной основой, которая помогает эффективно содействовать развитию управляемых территорий. Данное исследование направлено на поиск и анализ существующих подходов и инструментов мониторинга территориального развития, разработку собственной методологической и методической основы оценки устойчивости территорий в целях решения социально-экономических проблем. При этом основной концептуально-методологической предпосылкой, отличающей предлагаемый подход, на наш взгляд, должен стать учет эффектов межрегионального, межотраслевого взаимодействия или, по- другому, эффектов кластерных переливов. Выявлено, что среди авторов по-прежнему отсутствует консенсус не только по теоретическим аспектам, но и по методологическим вопросам процедуры мониторинга и инструментам оценки устойчивости развития, особенно в контексте кластерного подхода. В статье представлен анализ основных методологических подходов к оценке устойчивого развития систем различного уровня (национальной и региональной экономики, территорий, отраслей, предприятий, продуктов). Проведена систематизация подходов и инструментов, используемых учеными разных стран, международными организациями и институтами. Указаны преимущества, недостатки и ограничения практического применения выделенных методологических подходов. Изложена суть метода TOPSIS как инструмента оценки устойчивости развития территорий с учетом мультипликативных эффектов от межрегионального и межотраслевого взаимодействия. Показано, что именно кластерный подход является эффективным инструментом управления устойчивым развитием территориальных систем

Comprehensive Review on g-C₃N₄-Based Photocatalysts for the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production under Visible Light

Currently, the synthesis of active photocatalysts for the evolution of hydrogen, including photocatalysts based on graphite-like carbon nitride, is an acute issue. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art studies of graphic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for hydrogen production under visible light is presented. In this review, various approaches to the synthesis of photocatalysts based on g-C3N4 reported in the literature were considered, including various methods for modifying and improving the structural and photocatalytic properties of this material. A thorough analysis of the literature has shown that the most commonly used methods for improving g-C3N4 properties are alterations of textural characteristics by introducing templates, pore formers or pre-treatment method, doping with heteroatoms, modification with metals, and the creation of composite photocatalysts. Next, the authors considered their own detailed study on the synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride with different pre-treatments and respective photocatalysts that demonstrate high efficiency and stability in photocatalytic production of hydrogen. Particular attention was paid to describing the effect of the state of the platinum cocatalyst on the activity of the resulting photocatalyst. The decisive factors leading to the creation of active materials were discussed