ECOLOGIC APPROACH TO THE RESTORATION PROCESS AT AREAS DEGRADED BY MINING OPERATIONS

Donetsk Region belongs to the zone of the most Ukrainian critical ones in provision with water and the quality of water. The main reason of the water quality deterioration is anthropogenic pollution due to untreated water discharge by the region’s industrial enterprises to water objects

SIMULATION OF THE RADIANT HEAT TRANSFER PROCESS IN THE ELEMENTS OF ROASTING EQUIPMENT

The object of the research is the process of radiation heat transfer, taking into account a single reflection of rays in the IR device of food production. Investigated problem – the work is devoted to solving the problem of irregularity of radiation heat transfer during infrared roasting of food products. Main scientific results. The inverse problem of heat transfer by radiation has been solved and a technique has been developed for determining the profiles of the ray flux reflectors for uniform irradiation of receivers of a convex section. Analytical modeling of all-round uniform irradiation of an elliptical receiver has been carried out. An experimental device with low-inertia temperature sensors for infrared roasting of semi-finished meat products has been developed, which makes it possible to use a reflector shaped according to the developed analytical technique. The verification of the created technique for determining the profiles of reflectors by means of a computer experiment using the TracePro and Mathcad software systems has been carried out. The area of practical use of the research results: the use of an experimental device with a radiant flux reflector for roasting semi-finished meat products proves that the obtained technique for profiling reflectors of heat engineering systems is acceptable for the design of infrared equipment for food production and restaurant facilities. This technique allows simulating the profile of the radiant flux reflector depending on the shape of the receiver. Studies have shown that the use of a profiled reflector in the experimental device reduces the duration of roasting of natural portioned semi-finished beef products by 33 %. Innovative technological product: a technique for determining the profiles of ray flux reflectors for uniform irradiation of receivers with a convex section. Device for infrared roasting of semi-finished meat products. Scope of application of an innovative technological product. The study of an experimental device with a designed radiant flux reflector for roasting semi-finished meat products proves that the obtained technique for profiling reflectors of heat engineering systems is acceptable for the design of infrared equipment for food production and restaurant facilities. Using this approach allows to approach the solution of the problem of irregularity of irradiation of products during infrared roastin

Internet Commerce As a Possible Direction for the Development of Entrepreneurship Supply Chain and Information Management

Information and communications technology in supply chain management has enabled corporations to use offshore facilities for outsourcing commercial activities. One of the current trends in the global economic space is the formation of an information economy that allows fulfilling the requirements for the interaction organization between business entities at a high organizational level. At the same time, the traditional economy is significantly lagging behind in the development of new economic trends such as digitalization, supply chain and information management, which necessitates to create effective measures aimed at developing the economic information space: in particular, the Internet entrepreneurship supply chain management. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including test analysis method, logical-structural and causal analysis, as well as synthesis of literature, strategic analysis method, content analysis, applied economic and statistical methods, and sociological survey. Using these methods allowed determining the set of factors affecting the growth and development of the Internet entrepreneurship supply chain. We classified e-commerce models according to various criteria, formed different directions of the impact of government regulation on the e-commerce market and information management in the supply chain system. The identification of factors holding back the development of e-commerce made it possible to determine the nature of their negative impact on the development of the Internet entrepreneurship supply chain and to give some recommendations on improving the efficiency of state regulation of this sphere and ensuring its greater attractiveness in the minds of consumers. Application of the obtained results will make it possible to prepare regulatory and program documents in the field of state regulation of the Internet entrepreneurship supply chain and determine possible directions for its development in the future

Transnational organized corruption as a factor of social instability.

The article examines the scale of involvement of Transnational Organized Criminal Groups (TOCG) in committing acts of corruption, and their related criminal cooperation with Transnational Corporations (TNCs) 1 , as well as public relations in this sphere, in particular on the example of Ukraine. It suggests a solution to the problem of transnational corruption crime, in particular, applying the theory of social naturalism. The ultimate goal of the article is to analyze the problem of transnational corruption as a "factor of social instability" and to introduce this term into scientific circulation in this context. The article uses such methods of scientific knowledge as induction and deduction, as well as philosophical and phenomenological methods. According to research, the mafia now operates on the same scale and as effectively as global corporate groups. Corporations can be compared with the governments of states in terms of their influence on the economy of the state and the adoption of appropriate decisions. The authors state that the measures taken by individual states to counter the pressure of powerful TNCs have not yet led to the achievement of these goals. Financial and industrial elites, in turn, with the help of TOCG, try to impose their own order on societies that are not yet ready due to differences in culture, history, laws, social order, mentality, etc. It is emphasized in the article that the level of transnational organized crime and corruption cannot yet be significantly reduced in local societies due to the fact that the goals of elites and certain states simply do not coincide. Nowadays we can note a significant number of symptoms, in particular - the existence of such a phenomenon as transnational corruption, which indicates that we have a crisis of social order in the world. The corruption used by the TNCs is a mandatory feature that allows, among other features, to distinguish transnational organized crime from other types of criminal activity. We can note such a feature of TOCG as a criminal symbiosis with TNCs, which is considered as a violation of public order that leads to a corresponding regression. Progress in minimizing transnational corruption can be achieved, in particular, with the help of social naturalism, through the application of the postulates of which it is possible to counteract the current manifestations of willfulness and illusions that exist today in all spheres of social life, including politics, economics, morality, religion, science, art, law, etc. The study proves that in the modern world, against the background of progressive changes, namely the development of new information technologies, in the economy, etc., there have been formed some trends in transnational crime including corruption that continue to deepen further and the given corruption indicates the phenomenon, which the authors define as a "factor of social instability"

Herbivory and dominance shifts among exotic and congeneric native plant species during plant community establishment

Invasive exotic plant species often have fewer natural enemies and suffer less damage from herbivores in their new range than genetically or functionally related species that are native to that area. Although we might expect that having fewer enemies would promote the invasiveness of the introduced exotic plant species due to reduced enemy exposure, few studies have actually analyzed the ecological consequences of this situation in the field. Here, we examined how exposure to aboveground herbivores influences shifts in dominance among exotic and phylogenetically related native plant species in a riparian ecosystem during early establishment of invaded communities. We planted ten plant communities each consisting of three individuals of each of six exotic plant species as well as six phylogenetically related natives. Exotic plant species were selected based on a rapid recent increase in regional abundance, the presence of a congeneric native species, and their co-occurrence in the riparian ecosystem. All plant communities were covered by tents with insect mesh. Five tents were open on the leeward side to allow herbivory. The other five tents were completely closed in order to exclude insects and vertebrates. Herbivory reduced aboveground biomass by half and influenced which of the plant species dominated the establishing communities. Exposure to herbivory did not reduce the total biomass of natives more than that of exotics, so aboveground herbivory did not selectively enhance exotics during this early stage of plant community development. Effects of herbivores on plant biomass depended on plant species or genus but not on plant status (i.e., exotic vs native). Thus, aboveground herbivory did not promote the dominance of exotic plant species during early establishment of the phylogenetically balanced plant communities

Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial

Aims The objective of the Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT) was to determine whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, would improve post-discharge outcomes in patients with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) with reduced ejection fraction. Pre-specified subgroup analyses suggested potential heterogeneity in post-discharge outcomes with aliskiren in patients with and without baseline diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and results ASTRONAUT included 953 patients without DM (aliskiren 489; placebo 464) and 662 patients with DM (aliskiren 319; placebo 343) (as reported by study investigators). Study endpoints included the first occurrence of cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 and 12 months, all-cause death within 6 and 12 months, and change from baseline in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 1, 6, and 12 months. Data regarding risk of hyperkalaemia, renal impairment, and hypotension, and changes in additional serum biomarkers were collected. The effect of aliskiren on cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 months (primary endpoint) did not significantly differ by baseline DM status (P = 0.08 for interaction), but reached statistical significance at 12 months (non-DM: HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99; DM: HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47; P = 0.03 for interaction). Risk of 12-month all-cause death with aliskiren significantly differed by the presence of baseline DM (non-DM: HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94; DM: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33; P < 0.01 for interaction). Among non-diabetics, aliskiren significantly reduced NT-proBNP through 6 months and plasma troponin I and aldosterone through 12 months, as compared to placebo. Among diabetic patients, aliskiren reduced plasma troponin I and aldosterone relative to placebo through 1 month only. There was a trend towards differing risk of post-baseline potassium ≥6 mmol/L with aliskiren by underlying DM status (non-DM: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.71-1.93; DM: HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.30-4.42; P = 0.07 for interaction). Conclusion This pre-specified subgroup analysis from the ASTRONAUT trial generates the hypothesis that the addition of aliskiren to standard HHF therapy in non-diabetic patients is generally well-tolerated and improves post-discharge outcomes and biomarker profiles. In contrast, diabetic patients receiving aliskiren appear to have worse post-discharge outcomes. Future prospective investigations are needed to confirm potential benefits of renin inhibition in a large cohort of HHF patients without D

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Beekeeping and honey production in Russia

Honey occupies a special place in the diet due to its functional and medicinal properties. Honey consumption is significantly below the level recommended both in Russia and in the world. It is possible to significantly increase honey consumption both in the internal and foreign markets. The research aims to analyze and identify problems, obstacles and driving forces in the development of beekeeping in the case of Russia. Analysis showed that 18 Russian regions are focused on the export of honey to interregional and foreign markets. The beekeeping sector faces significant challenges in honey selling. The adulterated honey share is estimated at 30%. More than half of the honey on the Russian market is sold through direct short channels. Promoting products to metropolitan and foreign markets requires new approaches to building supply chains: data on apiaries and honey quality; optimizing supply chains and income distribution by chain links. The industry drivers can be a cluster approach; digital technologies to solve specific industry issues; new approaches in support of the industry by state

The Representation of the Father, Coping Strategies and Depressive Symptoms for Adolescents

Šī maģistra darba mērķis bija izpētīt savstarpējas saistības starp priekšstatu par tēvu, stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģijam un depresijas simptomiem pusaudžiem; izpētīt, kādā mērā priekšstats par tēvu un stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģijas prognozē pusaudžu depresijas simptomus. Pētījumā piedalījās 200 pusaudži vecumā no 14 līdz 18 gadiem (M=16,0; SD = 1,21), no kuriem bija 56 zēni un 144 meitenes. Pētījuma dalībnieki aizpildīja Bērnu depresijas aptauju (Children Depression Inventory - CDI, Kovacs, 1979), Bērnu stresa pārvarēšanas (kopinga) stratēģiju aptauju (Children’s Coping Strategies Checklist -CCSC, Ayers & Sandler, 1999), Īpašību kategoriju sistēmu (izveidota maģistra darba ietvaros, balstoties uz CCRT-LU (Luborsky, 1977; Albani, Pokorny, Blaser, Grüninger (2001); Deighton, Jacobs, Fischer, Krampen, Parker, Grenyer (2006 – 2008). English translation: The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme). Pētījuma ietvaros priekšstats par tēvu tiek izskatīts kā negatīvs priekšstats par tēvu un pozitīvs priekšstats par tēvu. Pētījuma rezultāti parāda, ka pozitīvs priekšstats par tēvu ir statistiski nozīmīgi saistīts ar efekīvām stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģijām un zemākiem depresijas simptomiem pusaudžiem, savukart negatīvs priekšstats par tēvu ir statistiski nozīmīgi saistīts ar neefektīvām stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģijām un augstakiem depresijas simptomiem pusaudžiem. Pētījumā iegūtie augšupejošās soļu regresijas rezultāti rāda, ka negatīvs priekšstats par tēvu un izvairīšanās stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģija pozitīvi prognozē un pozitīvā pārstrukturēšana stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģija negatīvi prognozē depresijas simptomus pusaudžu vecumā.The aim of master’s thesis was to study the connection between the representation of the father, coping strategies and depressive symptoms in adolescents; to investigate the extent to which the terpresentation of the father and coping strategies predict depressive symptoms in adolescents. The study involved 200 adolescents aged 14-18 years (mean age 16), of whom 56 were boys and 144 girls. Participants completed Children Depression Inventory -CDI (Kovacs, 1979), Children’s Coping Strategies Checklist -CCSC (Ayers & Sandler, 1999), Feature category system (established within the framework of the master 's thesis, based on CCRT-LU (Luborsky, 1977; Albani, Pokorny, Blaser, Grüninger (2001); Deighton, Jacobs, Fischer, Krampen, Parker, Grenyer (2006 – 2008). English translation: The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme). Within the framework of the research, the image of the father is considered as a negative image of the father and the positive image of the father. The results of the study showed that the positiv representation of the father is statistically significantly related to effective coping strategies and lower depressive symptoms in adolescents, while the negative representation of the father is statistically significantly related to ineffective coping strategies and higher depressive symptoms in adolescents. The results of the stepwise regression of the study showed that the negative representation of the father and avoidance coping strategy positively predicts and the positive reforming coping strategy negatively predicts depressive symptoms in adolescence