2,325 research outputs found
Disinfection of water in swimming pools by combined action of UV-light and ozone
Disinfection of water in swimming pools by combined action of UV-light and ozone / 258st American Chemical Society National Meeting and Exposition Β«Division of Environmental ChemistryΒ», august 25-29, 2019, San Diego, CA. ENVR 394.P.5
Complex radiation-thermal history of Kaidun meteorite on data of track study of silicate minerals
The results of track study of approximately 80 individual silicate mineral crystals (ol, px, plag) picked out from Kaidun meteorite are presented. A wide range of observed rho(sub VH) value distributions indicate the complex irradiation history of Kaidun minerals. In one anortite crystal having two track groups with different parameters the pre-accretion irradiation traces were observed in all probability
Imperfection of the system of the etalons attestation system
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Examined of main problems arising on the way to confirmation of etalon
Graphene derivatives-based electrodes for the electrochemical determination of carbamate pesticides in food products: A review
Graphene (GR) composites have great potential for the determination of carbamates pesticides (CPs) by electrochemical methods. Since the beginning of the 20th century, GR has shown remarkable promise as electrode material for various sensors. The contamination of food products with harmful CPs is a major problem as they do not always damage human health immediately, but can be harmful after prolonged exposure. A range of advantages can be gained from their electrochemical determination, such as high sensitivity, reasonably selectivity, rapid detection, low limit of detection, and easy electrode fabrication. Furthermore, these electrochemical techniques are robust, reproducible, user-friendly, and conform to both βgreenβ and βwhiteβ analytical chemistry. This review is focused on results published in the last ten years in the field of electrochemical determination of CPs in food products using GR and its derivatives
Π€ΠΠΠΠΠ-Π₯ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ ΠΠ¦ΠΠ‘Π‘Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠ‘Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π£Π’Π‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ
The effect of individual antioxidants on physico-chemical parameters of ORR was studied under conditions of liner semi-infinite diffusion. Rate constants for coupled homogeneous reduction of active oxygen by the range to flavonoids were calculated under the optimal linear sweep rate.Possibility of determination of the parameters of reduction of active oxygen process (chemical and electrochemical rate constant, reversibility of process) in addition of individual antioxidants was showed by the computer simulation. Identification of substances with antioxidant properties was illustrated by changing of reduction current of active oxygen.Keywords: oxygen reduction reaction, ORR, antioxidant, flavonoids, rate constant, voltammetry(Russian)DOI:Β http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2013.17.4.007A.N. Vtorushina, E.I. Korotkova, S.G. Kataev*Β Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation*Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Tomsk, Russian FederationΠ Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° (ΠΠΒ Π2) Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΠΒ Π2 (ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°) Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΠΒ Π2 Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ².ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΡ, Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡDOI:Β http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2013.17.4.00
Dietary fiber is a reliable and apparent element of treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases: an easy solution to a complicated problem
Cardiovascular diseases are a frequent comorbid condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM). This problem tends to remain acute because of the progression of t2DM, which increases the chances of cardiovascular events. Medicine today has a range of innovative hypoglycemic drugs, which proved their safety and effectiveness towards diseases of cardiovascular system. However, high cardiovascular mortality demonstrates that the medication is not enough effective. Partly lack of success may be explained by not enough work with unmodified risk factors, such as physical activity, smoking and excessive and wrong nutrition. Studies about dietary fiber (DF) let us discuss their including in the dietary plan of patients with t2DM and cardiovascular diseases. One of the promising DF types is Cyamopsis tetragonoloba extract. It showed its effectiveness concerning carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile, improving, metabolic features of t2DM patients and lowering the risks of cardiovascular events. What is more, the advantage of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba extract is easy to use and has no side effects
Stimulating of entrepreneursβ innovative activity in the Republic of Bashkortostan
The article views some aspects of promoting innovative activity in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The measures stimulating innovative activity have been grouped into blocks.1. Creating favorable conditions for innovative activity. 2. Increasing the populationβs innovative activity. 3. Development of the system of scientific and production cooperation and innovation commercialization. 4. Investment support of innovative projects. 5. Development of innovative infrastructure. 6. Development of innovative small businesses. 7. Information provision of innovative activity. The main directions of implementing the above-mentioned conditions are: - lawmaking activity in the Republic, taking into consideration the federal legislation, international standards and traditions; - financial and tax inducement of scientific-technical and innovative activity; - international technological integration; - private-state partnership in the sphere of innovative activity. Recommendations are suggested, relating to the innovative policy activation for more efficient fulfillment of the key functions of the Republicβs scientific and research sector. The authors conclude that the Republic has all necessary preconditions for small entrepreneurship functioning: the natural conditions favorable for many kinds of economic activity, the forming local market infrastructure for small business servicing, and the availability of large enterprises and centers of economic activity.Keywords: entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, innovation, innovative activity, region, infrastructure, investments, stimulation, monitoring
Dielectric and magnetic responses in nanocrystalline BaTiO3
This work was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Research Project No.18-52-00039 Bel_a)
Anthropometric approach to the diagnosis of mandibular asymmetry
The article describes the possibilities of clinical and x-ray diagnostics of mandibular asymmetry. In 61.5% of cases, the asymmetry of the lower jaw is accompanied by complaints from patients about the presence of articular sounds, mild pain when opening the mouth. Asymmetry of the lower jaw is more often determined in female individuals aged 19 to 46 years.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈ. Π 61,5% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 19 Π΄ΠΎ 46 Π»Π΅
ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ, ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°
Aim. To study the level of activity of lysosomal cysteine proteases (cathepsins H, B, L) in blood plasma andΒ fractionated leukocytes (polymorphonuclear and mononuclear) in patients with Alzheimerβs disease in comparisonΒ with similar indicators in persons without signs of neurodegeneration as a possible marker of Alzheimerβs diseaseΒ development and diagnosis.Materials and methods. The spectrofluorimetric study of cathepsins B, L, H activity level in plasma andΒ fractionated leukocytes was conducted in 22 patients diagnosed with Alzheimerβs disease in comparison with theΒ same indicators in 22 patients matched by sex, age and associated diseases with patients of the observation group,Β but having no signs of neurodegeneration.Results. The activity of all three enzymes, and especially cathepsin H, increased significantly in blood plasma.Β A significant increase is also noted in the activity of cathepsins H, B, and L in homogenates of fractionatedΒ leukocytes. AtΒ the same time, in both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes the greatest degree of changes is demonstratedΒ by the activity of cathepsin B, and the least is the activity of cathepsin L. Given the available data on an increasedΒ cathepsin B activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimerβs disease, we can assume a correlationΒ between the state of lysosomal proteases activity in the Central nervous system and in the peripheral blood cells.Conclusion. Alzheimerβs disease is associated with increased activity of cysteine cathepsins in plasma,Β polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes of peripheral blood, which can be considered as one of theΒ possible markers of development and diagnosis of the disease.Β Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π· (ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² H, B, L) Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Β ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
(ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡΒ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ,Β ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Β B, L, H Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
22 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρа» в ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ 22 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΒ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Β ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²,Β Π² Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ β Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π. Π Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Β ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π, B, L, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π² Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΒ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π, Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ βΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π° L. Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Β Π Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΒ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π· Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Β ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²Β ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
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