Mechanisms underlying extremely fast muscle V˙O2 on-kinetics in humans.

The time constant of the primary phase of pulmonary V˙O2 on-kinetics (τp ), which reflects muscle V˙O2 kinetics during moderate-intensity exercise, is about 30 s in young healthy untrained individuals, while it can be as low as 8 s in endurance-trained athletes. We aimed to determine the intramuscular factors that enable very low values of t0.63 to be achieved (analogous to τp , t0.63 is the time to reach 63% of the V˙O2 amplitude). A computer model of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in skeletal muscle was used. Muscle t0.63 was near-linearly proportional to the difference in phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration between rest and work (ΔPCr). Of the two main factors that determine t0.63 , a huge increase in either OXPHOS activity (six- to eightfold) or each-step activation (ESA) of OXPHOS intensity (>3-fold) was needed to reduce muscle t0.63 from the reference value of 29 s (selected to represent young untrained subjects) to below 10 s (observed in athletes) when altered separately. On the other hand, the effect of a simultaneous increase of both OXPHOS activity and ESA intensity required only a twofold elevation of each to decrease t0.63 below 10 s. Of note, the dependence of t0.63 on OXPHOS activity and ESA intensity is hyperbolic, meaning that in trained individuals a large increase in OXPHOS activity and ESA intensity are required to elicit a small reduction in τp . In summary, we postulate that the synergistic action of elevated OXPHOS activity and ESA intensity is responsible for extremely low τp (t0.63 ) observed in highly endurance-trained athletes

Chronobiological peculiarities of psychic disorders course at the example of metabolic syndrome patients

Desynchronosis presenting in patients with metabolic syndrome significantly affects the underlying metabolism, eating behavior, mental and physical activity. On on example of a clinical case, patients with a depressive episode of moderate severity and  clinically confirmed metabolic syndrome on the treatment achieved a significant improvement on their mental status and reduced manifestations on metabolic disorders. The study on chronobiological features on the course on mental disorders on combination with metabolic syndrome is a promising direction on medical practice, which will improve the results on treatment on patients with a similar pathology

Modern challenges to the legal examination regulations

The article is devoted to the consideration of problems of legal expert examination of legal acts. One of the criteria for the effectiveness of a normative legal act as a basic element of legislation is its legal correctness. The dramatic changes that have taken place in Ukraine in recent years have significantly increased the role of legal means and mechanisms in the social and political life of the country. The effectiveness of transformations in the country aimed at forming civil society and the rule of law, strengthening the law and order depends on the perfection of the existing legal acts, their projects and the adoption of correct and legally justified decisions. Ensuring compliance with this criterion avoids inconsistencies in legislation and, as a consequence, ensures the unity of legal space. That is why legal expertise is a full-fledged tool for ensuring legal correctness and overcoming rulemaking, which requires a comprehensive analysis and comprehensive examination of the essence of legal expertise in the mechanism of legal regulation. The tasks that need to be addressed in the process of research on this issue can be attributed to: the study of the concept and features of legal expertise of draft normative legal acts, both in the legal literature, and the current and prospective legislation of Ukraine

Revision der palaearktische arten der gattungen Nycteola Hb. und Erschoviella gen. nov. (Lepidoptera, Nycteolidae)

Número abril-diciembreNach dem Katalog von Staudinger Sz. Rebel (Cat. Lep. Pal. Faun., 1, 1901, p. 361) wurden zur Gattung Sarrothripus Curt , drei palaearktische Arten gestellt, und zwar : revayana Sc., musculana Ersch. und nilotica Rghfr. Von diesen hat Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal., XI, 1912, p. 231) die letzterwähnte Art in die Gattung Characorna Wkr. übertragen, zu Sarrothripus Curt. aber neben den zahlreichen ausserpalaearktischen Arten noch die wenig bekannte coreana Leech gestellt (Hampson, op. cit., p. 266, -t. CLXXXI, fig. 5). Hampson ebenso wie später Warren (in : Seitz, Gross-Schm. d. Erde, III, 1913, p. 290), hat zu revayana neben ihren zahlreichen Formen auch degenerana (Hb.) Hw. zugezogen, obwohl die Artrechte dieser Form schon durch die Studien von Klos & 1Vleixner (Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, LVII, 19° 7, Berichte, pp. i73-174) bewiesen wurden und sie bei Spuler (Schm. Eur., II, 1910, p. 49 1) wie auch bei Rebel (Berge's Schmetterlingsbuch, 1910, pp. 421-422) als eine selbständige Art angeführt ist. Später hat Filipjev (Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. URSS, XXVIII, 1927, p. 260) in einer seiner faunistischen Arbeiten die als eine revayana-Form beschriebene asiatica Krul. für eine eigene Art erklärt (ohne dies näher zu begründen) und beabsichtigte der Gattung Sarrothripus Curt. eine Revision zu widmen, was leider unerfüllt blieb.Peer reviewe

Information System of Detection of Emotional and Cognitive Disorders in Patients with Discirculatory Encephalopathy

The purpose of the article is to develop a medical information system for the detection of emotional and cognitive disorders in patients with discirculatory encephalopathy, which increases the accuracy of diagnosis. Results. During the writing of the article, a method was developed for detecting emotional and cognitive disorders in patients with discirculatory encephalopathy, including the definition of the likelihood of emotional disorders, the exposure vector for psychocorrection, the detection of cognitive disorders and determining their severity, and predicting the further development of cognitive disorders. A structural diagram of the medical information system "СognitiveDE" has been developed, which determines the composition and purpose of its main modules, and has allowed to develop a methodological basis for describing the interaction of the elements of the biological and technical subsystems. The software of the medical information system "СognitiveDE" was verified, which showed the compliance of the results of the individual stages of the system development with the requirements and restrictions formulated for them.Розроблення медичної інформаційної системи виявлення когнітивних і емоційних порушень у пацієнтів з дисциркуляторною енцефалопатією, що дозволяє підвищити точність діагностики. Результати. Розроблено метод виявлення порушень емоційної та когнітивної сфери у пацієнтів з дисциркуляторною енцефалопатією, який включає визначення ймовірності виникнення емоційних порушень, виявлення вектора впливу для проведення психокорекції, виявлення когнітивних порушень і визначення їх ступеня тяжкості, прогнозування подальшого розвитку когнітивних порушень. Розроблено структурну схему інформаційної системи, визначено склад і призначення її основних модулів, що дозволило розробити методичну базу для опису взаємодії елементів біологічної та технічної підсистем. Проведено оцінювання якості розробленого програмного забезпечення медичної інформаційної системи «СognitiveDE».Цель — разработать медицинскую информационную систему выявления когнитивных и эмоциональных нарушений у пациентов с дисциркуляторной энцефалопати. Результаты. Разработан метод выявления нарушений эмоциональной и когнитивной сферы у пациентов с дисциркуляторной энцефалопатией, включающий определение вероятности возникновения эмоциональных нарушений, выявление вектора воздействия для проведения психокоррекции, выявление когнитивных нарушений и определение их степени тяжести, прогнозирование дальнейшего развития когнитивных нарушений. Разработана структурная схема информационной системы, определены состав и назначения ее основных модулей, что позволило разработать методическую базу для описания взаимодействия элементов биологической и технической подсистем. Проведена оценка качества разработанного программного обеспечения медицинской информационной системы «СognitiveDE»

Paweł Rzechowski vel Rechowski, pisarz grodzki kijowski – adaptacja Polaka do funkcjonowania w środowisku szlachty ruskiej na Kijowszczyźnie w czasach Zygmunta III

Paweł Rzechowski, who died in 1629, a long-serving borough clerk of Kiev, is an example of the adaptation of a newcomer from the Polish lands to the Ukrainian lands. His career began with attorneyship in the courts of Volhynia. It led Rzechowski to the position of a leader of the nobility in the Kiev province, elected as a deputy and member of a deputation to the Tribunal. Rzechowski adapted to the requirements of his milieu – knowledge of the Ruthenian language, of the local legal system (the so-called Volhynian Statute), respect for the Orthodox Church. There are many similar examples of Poles operating in the first half of the seventeenth century in the Ukrainian lands of the Commonwealth.Paweł Rzechowski, zmarły w 1629 r., długoletni pisarz grodzki kijowski, jest przykładem adaptacji na ziemiach ukrainnych przybysza z ziem polskich. Jego kariera zaczęła się od działań o charakterze adwokackim w sądach wołyńskich i doprowadziła Rzechowskiego do pozycji lidera szlacheckiego w województwie kijowskim, wybieranego na posła i deputata do Trybunału. Rzechowski dostosował się do wymogów środowiska – znajomość języka ruskiego, lokalnego systemu prawnego (tzw. Statutu Wołyńskiego), szacunek dla prawosławia. Podobnych przykładów Polaków działających w pierwszej połowie XVII w. na ziemiach ukrainnych Rzeczypospolitej jest wiele

WP 94 - An overview of women's work and employment in Ukraine

h2. Management summary This report provides information on Ukraine on behalf of the implementation of the DECISIONS FOR LIFE project in that country. The DECISIONS FOR LIFE project aims to raise awareness amongst young female workers about their employment opportunities and career possibilities, family building and the work-family balance. This report is part of the Inventories, to be made by the University of Amsterdam, for all 14 countries involved. It focuses on a gender analysis of work and employment. _History (2.1.1)._ Under the Soviet regime, Ukraine in particular suffered from intellectual oppression and agriculture collectivisation, to become after 1945 an important center of Soviet steel and arms industry. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the country had great diffi culties in adapting its governance system and consequently in its economic transition, in the 1990s resulting in widespread poverty. In the 2000s exportled growth followed based on the strong points of Ukraine’s economy. _Governance (2.1.2)._ Ukraine is a multiparty, democratic republic with a mixed presidential and parliamentary system. Corruption remains widespread at various levels. The legislation upholds the rights of women, but women face discriminatory practices in various areas. Women’s participation in politics and governance is low, and contrast with women’s participation in employment and education. The law does not explicitly address domestic violence and spousal rape. _Prospects (2.1.3)._ Ukraine’s economy has been severely hit by the global economic crisis. In 2009, the country’s GDP fell by 15%, and real wages by over 9%. Recovery prospects are modest, and current projections imply that it will take fi ve or six years before Ukraine will surpass its 2008 GDP level. _Communication (2.2)._ The coverage of fi xed telephone connections has recently increased, but Ukraine has been an early adapter to the cellular telephone revolution, with currently over one cell phone per person. By 2008, there were 226 Internet users per 1,000 of the population. Internet sources played a major role in the “Orange Revolution”. Nearly all households have a TV set. Political pressure on the press is rather heavy. _The sectoral labour market structure – Population and employment (2.3.1)._ Between 2000 and 2005 there was a significant shift away from paid employment to self-employment, employership and working for own account, resuming in 2009. In the 2000s many women have started a “women’s business”. With nearly 62%, women’s Labour Participation Rate (LPR) in 2008 was 86% of men’s. _The sectoral labour market structure – Unemployment (2.3.2)_ In 2009, unemployment has grown by more than one-third, though especially female 15-24-year olds seem discouraged to look after formal employment, instead prolonging their education, engaging in informal labour or helping in the family. Female 25-29-yearolds obviously have a much stronger propensity to continue in formal labour. _Legislation (2.4.1)._ Ukraine has ratifi ed the eight core ILO Labour Conventions. The Constitution provides for the freedom of association and assembly and the right to strike, though the registration procedure for unions is extremely cumbersome and the right to strike is also subject to many legal limitations. _Labour relations and wage-setting (2.4.2)._ The trade union movement in Ukraine is dominated by the Federation of Trade Unions of Ukraine, FPU. Jointly with two smaller federations, union density in 2008-09 was nearly 60% of all paid employees. In 2009, the FPU and the government had a continuous confl ict focusing on setting the subsistence minimum and the minimum wage. _The statutory minimum wage (2.5.1)._ In December 2009 the monthly minimum wage, set by law, was 669 hryvnias, or 35% of the country’s average monthly wage. Over 2000-2006 the minimum wage rose from about 35 to 70% of the subsistence minimum, but the gap between the subsistence minimum and the average wage grew considerably. _Inequality and poverty (2.5.2)._ Directly after independence, inequality and poverty started to increase, poverty depending on the yardstick used in 1995-96 growing to 30-85%. About 15 years ago a large part of the population experienced poverty in often harsh forms. From 2001-2006, poverty decreased, but the 2008-09 crisis may well have aggravated poverty substantially. Income inequality developed simultaneously with poverty, and is currently at low-to-medium level in international perspective. _Population and fertility (2.6.1)._ Since the 1980s Ukraine is in a demographic crisis, with reduced fertility rates, high death and emigration rates, ending up in massive depopulation. Between 1990 and 2009, population decreased by nearly 12%. The total fertility rate, less than 1.3 children per woman, is quite low; the adolescent fertility rate is with 32 per 1,000 rather low but since a few years growing. Many –young women and men—want to marry young. _Health (2.6.2)._ In 2007 there were an estimated 440,000 persons with HIV/AIDS in Ukraine, or 1.6-1.8% of the adult population, the highest percentage in Europe or Central Asia. The levels of public awareness of HIV/AIDS are rather low. The life expectancy at birth is very low for men. In particular many men have serious health and mental problems, and international organisations talk about a health crisis. They regard almost half of deaths before the age of 75 in Ukraine as avoidable. _Women’s labour market share (2.6.3)._ Women make up nearly half of the country’s labour force. In 2008 six of 15 industries showed a female majority. Women made up majorities in fi ve occupational groups, in particular among professionals and associate professionals. In thigh-skilled occupations they concentrate in the formal sector. Even at the level of legislators, senior offi cials and managers, the female share of 39% is in international perspective rather high. _Literacy (2.7.1)._ The adult literacy rate –-those age 15 and over that can read and write—in 1999-2006 was 98.9%, with hardly a gender gap: 99.0% for men and 98.8% for women. In 2007 the literacy rate for 15-24-year-olds stood at 99.8% for both sexes. _Education of girls (2.7.2)._ In 2006, the combined gross enrollment rate in education was 88.8%, divided in 91.5% for females and 86.3% for males. Net enrollment in primary education was for 2007 set at 89.8% for girls and 89.9% for boys. Women to men parity in secondary education increased to 100% in 2007. With 88% gross enrollment in tertiary education in 2008, women’s participation at this level of education is very high, and women to men parity 124%. _Female skill levels (2.7.3)._ Women in the employed population have on average a higher educational level than their male colleagues. Comparison with empoyment levels point at an immense underutilisation of their qualifications. Segmentation of the labour market seems to play a major role here. We estimate the current size of the target group of DECISIONS FOR LIFE for Ukraine at about 440,000 girls and young women 15-29 of age working in urban areas in commercial services. _Wages (2.8.1)._ We found for 2008 a considerable gender pay gap, totaling 25%. In the formal sector wage discrimination is identifi ed as the main factor. Though the wage structure in the 2000s has been compressed, wage differences between sectors remain considerable. Besides having low wages, women in wholesale and retail and in the restaurant and hotel sector have been particularly hit by redundancies. Women in the top of the wage distribution earn more when they are self-employed than when they are salaried, both in the formal and in the informal sector. _Working conditions (2.8.2)._ As far as can be traced, gender differences in hours worked are small. In 2003, nearly 90% of males and 84% of females worked full-time, and very small shares worked less than 20 hours.

The Potential of Russian Universities’ Small Innovative Enterprises in an Innovative Economy

С целью выявления потенциала малых инновационных предприятий (МИП) вузов России в развитии инновационной экономики и активизации инновационной деятельности регионов в данной исследовательской статье анализируется набор показателей по регионам и федеральным округам страны. Показатели были собраны по следующим направлениям: уровень инновационной активности регионов, место вузов в рейтинге, год появления МИП, принадлежность МИП вузу, федеральному округу, региону, вид деятельности, выручка, комплексный показатель надежности МИП, риски. Для определения степени территориальной дифференциации функционирования МИП авторами предложен показатель «количество МИП на 1 вуз, ед./вуз». Объектом исследования выступили 1950 МИП из 422 вузов страны. Исследование основано на данных рейтинга вузов, подготовленного при поддержке Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации, Информационной системы по учету и мониторингу МИП научно-технической и образовательной сферы, Федеральной службы государственной статистики, портала проверки контрагентов Rusprofile.ru, а также материалах действующих стратегий социально-экономического развития регионов России. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что в настоящее время МИП не могут в полной мере проявить себя в качестве локомотивов развития наукоемкого, инновационного бизнеса, инструмента повышения конкурентоспособности образовательных учреждений и инновационной активности регионов и сформировать опорный каркас инновационной экономики. Возможными направлениями решения указанной проблемы является развитие эффективных механизмов сбора, обобщения и тиражирования лучших практик организации деятельности МИП в вузах, а также привлечения к инновационной деятельности профессорско-преподавательского состава. Результаты исследования представляют интерес для региональных органов исполнительной власти, руководителей университетов и менеджмента малых инновационных предприятий в вузах.The aim of this paper is to identify the potential of Russian universities’ small innovative enterprises (SIEs) in developing an innovative economy and in intensifying the innovative activity of the regions. The authors analyze a set of indicators for the regions and federal districts of the country by the level of a region’sinnovative activity; the universities’ place in the ranking; the year of SIE’s appearance; its belonging to the university, to the federal district, to the region; type of activity; revenue; the complex indicator of SIE’s reliability and its risks. To find out how territorially different the SIE’s functioning is, the authors proposed the indicator «the number of SIE per 1 university, unit/university». The object of the study were 1950 SIEs from 422 universities of the country. The study is based on the data of the university ranking prepared with the support of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, the Information System for Accounting and Monitoring of SIE in the Scientific, Technical and Educational Spheres, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Portal for Checking Counterparties (Rusprofile.ru), as well as on the current strategies for the social and economic development of Russian regions. The results of the study indicate that today SIEs cannot fully manifest themselves as locomotives to develop knowledge-intensive, innovative business, a tool for increasing a region’sinnovative activity and the competitiveness of educational institutions. Neither can they form the supporting framework of an innovative economy. A possible way to solve this problem is to develop effective mechanisms for collecting, summarizing and replicating the best practices for organizing SIE’s activities within the universities, as well as for involving professors in innovative activities. The results of the study might be of interest to regional executive authorities, to university leaders and to those who manage small innovative enterprises in higher education institutions.Статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук на 2022 год (№ 075-03-2022-001).The research was supported by the government fund to the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences for 2022, no. 075-03-2022-001