Проектування віртуальної навчальної лабораторії для майбутніх педагогів професійного навчання з харчових технологій

Аrticle analyzes the definition of the concept of “virtual laboratory”, considers the features of using virtual laboratories at various stages of laboratory work, gives examples and indicates the advantages of creating them for the training system for teachers of vocational education in food technology. A design model for the functioning of a virtual training laboratory using algorithms for the operation of technological equipment is proposed. The ways of implementing modern approaches in the preparation of future teachers of vocational training in food technology are presented. The algorithm of virtual laboratory work is considered on the example of the discipline "Equipment of restaurant facilities" in the simulation format. The implementation of laboratory work in virtual laboratories contributes to the formation of the intellectual development of students, allows pedagogically balanced use of modern software in the educational process and the assimilation of knowledge at a more conscious and deep level. The positive dynamics of the qualitative indicators of the formation of professional competence of future teachers of vocational training was followed after classes using virtual laboratory work. In the process of developing the virtual laboratory work we presented, psychological requirements were taken into account, the essence of which is a phased solution of problem situations programmed by the teacher, which strengthen the students' semantic and logical activity. A thorough mastery of the knowledge gained during the execution of the virtual laboratory complex provides an appropriate level of development of scientific developments and technological management of the educational process. The structure of virtual laboratory work presented by us makes it possible to provide such components of the learning process as enhancing knowledge to perform research and control knowledge.Keywords: virtual laboratory, vocational training teachers, food technology, laboratory work, technological equipment.У статті аналізується визначення поняття «віртуальна лабораторія», розглянуті особливості використання віртуальних лабораторій на різних етапах проведення лабораторної роботи, наведені приклади та вказуються переваги їх створення для системи підготовки педагогів професійного навчання з харчових технологій. Запропоновано проектування моделі функціонування віртуальної навчальної лабораторії з використанням алгоритмів роботи технологічного обладнання. Представлено шляхи реалізації сучасних підходів у підготовці майбутніх педагогів професійного навчання з харчових технологій. Розглядається алгоритм виконання віртуальної лабораторної роботи на прикладі дисципліни «Устаткування закладів ресторанного господарства» у форматі симуляції. Виконання лабораторних робіт в віртуальних лабораторіях сприяє формуванню інтелектуального розвитку студентів, що дає змогу педагогічно-виважено застосовувати сучасне програмне забезпечення в навчальному процесі та засвоєнню знань на більш свідомому та глибокому рівні. Була простежена позитивна динаміка якісних показників сформованості професійної компетенції майбутніх педагогів професійного навчання після проведення занять за допомогою віртуальних лабораторних робіт. У процесі розробки представленої нами віртуальної лабораторної роботи враховані психологічні вимоги , суть яких полягає в поетапному вирішенню запрограмованих викладачем проблемних ситуацій, які посилюють смислову та логічну діяльність студентів. Ґрунтовне оволодіння знаннями, отриманими в процесі виконання віртуального лабораторного комплексу забезпечує відповідний рівень розвитку наукових розробок і технологічного керування навчальним процесом. Представлена нами структура віртуальної лабораторної роботи дає можливість забезпечити такі складові процесу навчання як активізація знань до виконання дослідження і контроль знань. Ключові слова: віртуальна лабораторія, педагоги професійного навчання, харчові технології, лабораторна робота, технологічне обладнання

Fluvial carbon dioxide emission from the Lena River basin during the spring flood

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from inland waters of permafrost-affected regions is one of the key factors of circumpolar aquatic ecosystem response to climate warming and permafrost thaw. Riverine systems of central and eastern Siberia contribute a significant part of the water and carbon (C) export to the Arctic Ocean, yet their C exchange with the atmosphere remains poorly known due to lack of in situ GHG concentration and emission estimates. Here we present the results of continuous in situ pCO2 measurements over a 2600 km transect of the Lena River main stem and lower reaches of 20 major tributaries (together representing a watershed area of 1 661 000 km2, 66 % of the Lena's basin), conducted at the peak of the spring flood. The pCO2 in the Lena (range 400-1400 μatm) and tributaries (range 400-1600 μatm) remained generally stable (within ca. 20 %) over the night-day period and across the river channels. The pCO2 in tributaries increased northward with mean annual temperature decrease and permafrost increase; this change was positively correlated with C stock in soil, the proportion of deciduous needleleaf forest, and the riparian vegetation. Based on gas transfer coefficients obtained from rivers of the Siberian permafrost zone (kCombining double low line4.46 md-1), we calculated CO2 emission for the main stem and tributaries. Typical fluxes ranged from 1 to 2 gCm-2d-1 (>99 % CO2, <1 % CH4), which is comparable with CO2 emission measured in the Kolyma, Yukon, and Mackenzie rivers and permafrost-affected rivers in western Siberia. The areal C emissions from lotic waters of the Lena watershed were quantified by taking into account the total area of permanent and seasonal water of the Lena basin (28 000 km2 ). Assuming 6 months of the year to be an open water period with no emission under ice, the annual C emission from the whole Lena basin is estimated as 8.3±2.5 TgCyr-1, which is comparable to the DOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) lateral export to the Arctic Ocean

Therapy of established B16-F10 melanoma tumors by a single vaccination of CTL/T helper peptides in VacciMax(®)

BACKGROUND: Melanoma tumors are known to express antigens that usually induce weak immune responses of short duration. Expression of both tumor-associated antigens p53 and TRP2 by melanoma cells raises the possibility of simultaneously targeting more than one antigen in a therapeutic vaccine. In this report, we show that VacciMax(® )(VM), a novel liposome-based vaccine delivery platform, can increase the immunogenicity of melanoma associated antigens, resulting in tumor elimination. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma tumors were vaccinated subcutaneously 6 days post tumor implantation with a mixture of synthetic peptides (modified p53: 232–240, TRP-2: 181–188 and PADRE) and CpG. Tumor growth was monitored and antigen-specific splenocyte responses were assayed by ELISPOT. RESULTS: Vaccine formulated in VM increased the number of both TRP2- and p53-specific IFN-γ producing splenocytes following a single vaccination. Vaccine formulated without VM resulted only in enhanced IFN-γ producing splenocytes to one CTL epitopes (TRP2:180–188), suggesting that VM overcomes antigen dominance and enhances immunogenicity of multiple epitopes. Vaccination of mice bearing 6-day old B16-F10 tumors with both TRP2 and p53-peptides formulated in VM successfully eradicated tumors in all mice. A control vaccine which contained all ingredients except liposomes resulted in eradication of tumors in no more than 20% of mice. CONCLUSION: A single administration of VM is capable of inducing an effective CTL response to multiple tumor-associated antigens. The responses generated were able to reject 6-day old B16-F10 tumors

Rejection of large HPV-16 expressing tumors in aged mice by a single immunization of VacciMax® encapsulated CTL/T helper peptides

The incidence of cancer increases significantly in later life, yet few pre-clinical studies of cancer immunotherapy use mice of advanced age. A novel vaccine delivery platform (VacciMax®,VM) is described that encapsulates antigens and adjuvants in multilamellar liposomes in a water-in-oil emulsion. The therapeutic potential of VM-based vaccines administered as a single dose was tested in HLA-A2 transgenic mice of advanced age (48–58 weeks old) bearing large palpable TC1/A2 tumors. The VM-based vaccines contained one or more peptides having human CTL epitopes derived from HPV 16 E6 and E7. VM formulations contained a single peptide, a mixture of four peptides or the same four peptides linked together in a single long peptide. All VM formulations contained PADRE and CpG as adjuvants and ISA51 as the hydrophobic component of the water-in-oil emulsion. VM-formulated vaccines containing the four peptides as a mixture or linked together in one long peptide eradicated 19-day old established tumors within 21 days of immunization. Peptide-specific cytotoxic cellular responses were confirmed by ELISPOT and intracellular staining for IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells. Mice rendered tumor-free by vaccination were re-challenged in the opposite flank with 10 million HLF-16 tumor cells, another HLA-A2/E6/E7 expressing tumor cell line. None of these mice developed tumors following the re-challenge. In summary, this report describes a VM-formulated therapeutic vaccine with the following unprecedented outcome: a) eradication of large tumors (> 700 mm3) b) in mice of advanced age c) in less than three weeks post-immunization d) following a single vaccination

Exploiting growing stock volume maps for large scale forest resource assessment: Cross-comparisons of ASAR- and PALSAR-based GSV estimates with forest inventory in Central Siberia

Growing stock volume is an important biophysical parameter describing the state and dynamics of the Boreal zone. Validation of growing stock volume (GSV) maps based on satellite remote sensing is challenging due to the lack of consistent ground reference data. The monitoring and assessment of the remote Russian forest resources of Siberia can only be done by integrating remote sensing techniques and interdisciplinary collaboration. In this paper, we assess the information content of GSV estimates in Central Siberian forests obtained at 25m from ALOS-PALSAR and 1km from ENVISAT-ASAR backscatter data. The estimates have been cross-compared with respect to forest inventory data showing 34% relative RMSE for the ASAR-based GSV retrievals and 39.4% for the PALSAR-based estimates of GSV. Fragmentation analyses using a MODIS-based land cover dataset revealed an increase of retrieval error with increasing fragmentation of the landscape. Cross-comparisons of multiple SAR-based GSV estimates helped to detect inconsistencies in the forest inventory data and can support an update of outdated forest inventory stands

Ecological and conceptual consequences of Arctic pollution

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this recordAlthough the effect of pollution on forest health and decline received much attention in the 1980s, it has not been considered to explain the ‘Divergence Problem’ in dendroclimatology; a decoupling of tree growth from rising air temperatures since the 1970s. Here we use physical and biogeochemical measurements of hundreds of living and dead conifers to reconstruct the impact of heavy industrialisation around Norilsk in northern Siberia. Moreover, we develop a forward model with surface irradiance forcing to quantify long‐distance effects of anthropogenic emissions on the functioning and productivity of Siberia’s taiga. Downwind from the world’s most polluted Arctic region, tree mortality rates of up to 100% have destroyed 24,000 km2 boreal forest since the 1960s, coincident with dramatic increases in atmospheric sulphur, copper, and nickel concentrations. In addition to regional ecosystem devastation, we demonstrate how ‘Arctic Dimming’ can explain the circumpolar ‘Divergence Problem’, and discuss implications on the terrestrial carbon cycle.Forest ServiceMinistry of Science and Higher EducationRussian Science Foundatio

FcRgamma activation regulates inflammation-associated squamous carcinogenesis

Chronically activated leukocytes recruited to premalignant tissues functionally contribute to cancer development; however, mechanisms underlying pro- versus anti-tumor programming of neoplastic tissues by immune cells remain obscure. Using the K14-HPV16 mouse model of squamous carcinogenesis, we report that B cells and humoral immunity foster cancer development by activating Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaRs) on resident and recruited myeloid cells. Stromal accumulation of autoantibodies in premalignant skin, through their interaction with activating FcgammaRs, regulate recruitment, composition, and bioeffector functions of leukocytes in neoplastic tissue, which in turn promote neoplastic progression and subsequent carcinoma development. These findings support a model in which B cells, humoral immunity, and activating FcgammaRs are required for establishing chronic inflammatory programs that promote de novo carcinogenesis