A Sensor Fusion Algorithm for Filtering Pyrometer Measurement Noise in the Czochralski Crystallization Process

The Czochralski (CZ) crystallization process is used to produce monocrystalline silicon for solar cell wafers and electronics. Tight temperature control of the molten silicon is most important for achieving high crystal quality. SINTEF Materials and Chemistry operates a CZ process. During one CZ batch, two pyrometers were used for temperature measurement. The silicon pyrometer measures the temperature of the molten silicon. This pyrometer is assumed to be accurate, but has much high-frequency measurement noise. The graphite pyrometer measures the temperature of a graphite material. This pyrometer has little measurement noise. There is quite a good correlation between the two pyrometer measurements. This paper presents a sensor fusion algorithm that merges the two pyrometer signals for producing a temperature estimate with little measurement noise, while having significantly less phase lag than traditional lowpass- filtering of the silicon pyrometer. The algorithm consists of two sub-algorithms: (i) A dynamic model is used to estimate the silicon temperature based on the graphite pyrometer, and (ii) a lowpass filter and a highpass filter designed as complementary filters. The complementary filters are used to lowpass-filter the silicon pyrometer, highpass-filter the dynamic model output, and merge these filtered signals. Hence, the lowpass filter attenuates noise from the silicon pyrometer, while the graphite pyrometer and the dynamic model estimate those frequency components of the silicon temperature that are lost when lowpass-filtering the silicon pyrometer. The algorithm works well within a limited temperature range. To handle a larger temperature range, more research must be done to understand the process' nonlinear dynamics, and build this into the dynamic model

Radioactive substances in Norwegian farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

publishedVersio

Modeling, Identification and Control at Telemark University College

Master studies in process automation started in 1989 at what soon became Telemark University College, and the 20 year anniversary marks the start of our own PhD degree in Process, Energy and Automation Engineering. The paper gives an overview of research activities related to control engineering at Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics

Dietary intervention reduces self-reported symptoms in patients with Crohn's disease in remission

Bakgrunn: Noen pasienter med inaktiv Crohn’s sykdom har symptomer som oppblåsthet og avvikende avføring (42-57 %), som tilsvarer symptomer hos pasienter med irritabel tarm syndrom (IBS). En pilotstudie fant at en eliminasjonsdiett der fermenterbare karbohydrater (FODMAPs) var begrenset, reduserte symptomer hos slike pasienter. Intervensjoner med endring av matvarevalg, der IBS pasienter har fått symptomlindring, kan muligens overføres til pasienter med inaktiv Crohn’s sykdom som opplever IBS lignende symptomer. Videre er det vist at pasienter med inaktiv Crohn’s sykdom ofte opplever symptomer som ikke er knyttet til mage- tarm funksjonen, f.eks utmattelse og ledd- og muskelsmerter. Få kostholdsintervensjoner er gjennomført med disse symptomene som utfall. Denne studien hadde som mål å utforske om en kostholdsintervensjon der matvarer som er assosiert med symptomreaksjoner hos IBS pasienter, kunne redusere symptomer hos pasienter med inaktiv Crohn’s sykdom som opplevde symptomer knyttet til matinntak. Metode og utvalg: En åpen prospektiv studie ble gjennomført hos pasienter med inaktiv Crohn’s sykdom (definert som calprotectin < 250 µg/g i feces) med selvrapporterte symptomer knyttet til matinntak. Pasientene spiste som vanlig i to uker (baseline), inkludert matvarer med hvete og kumelk. Pasientene fulgte så en to-ukers eliminasjonsdiett etterfulgt av en individuell gradvis reintrodusering av matvarer i fire til ni uker. Hvis en matvare skapte symptomer, ble den kuttet ut. Alvorlighetsgrad av totale symptomer, magesmerter, oppblåsthet, avvikende avføring, luftavgang, utmattelse og ledd-muskelsmerter ble evaluert ved at pasientene måtte fylle ut en visuell skala, (VAS, 0-10 cm) og en mat- og symptomdagbok. Matvarer rapportert som symptomutløsere under reintroduseringsfasen ble sammenlignet med de matvarene som ble rapportert ved studiestart. Hovedresultater: Totalt 12 pasienter (alder 23-66 år, fire menn) fulllførte kostholdsintervensjonen. En symptomreduksjon ble funnet ved alle symptomene (P 0.05). Matvarer som inneholder kumelk og hvete var de matvarene som skapte hyppigst symptomer i denne pasientgruppen. Konklusjon: Kostholdsintervensjoner kan muligens føre til en symptomreduksjon hos pasienter med inaktiv Crohn’s sykdom med selvrapporterte symptomer. Det er uvisst hvilke underliggende mekanismer som trigger disse symptomene

Risk assessment of radioactivity in Food. Opinion of the Scientific Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, VKM report 2017:25

publishedVersio

Infrastructure: databases, sample banks, methods and facilities for radioecological research

The overarching goal of STAR Work Package 2 "Integration and Infrastructure" is to facilitate the long term sustainable integration of European radioecological research, with an appropriate governance structure. To ensure effective collaboration and integration, an inventory of infrastructure covering radioanalytical equipment and methods, bioinformatic equipment and methods, sample archives, models, expertise and facilities for radioecological research has been created (using an on‐line wiki pages). The infrastructure survey shows that STAR partners and the associated Alliance have a high‐quality infrastructure, extended expertise and competence for radioecological research in Europe. STAR partners have expertise in wide‐ranging areas of radioecology, encompassing the atmospheric dispersion, dosimetry, ecology, ecotoxicology, environmental radiation protection, environmental surveillance, foodstuffs, terrestrial, freshwater and marine radioecology, modelling, radiobiology and radionuclide analytics, emergency preparedness, education and training. Within STAR partners have more than 170 experts are covering these areas. A wide‐ranging expertise is available within STAR partners for radioanalytical methods. Many of the methods are accredited emphasising the remarkably high quality of the partner laboratories. There are also many different holistic bioinformatic equipment and platforms for molecular and biochemical analysisto study (radiation) effects endpoints in Europe. The STAR NoE is highly resourced. The large inventory of specialized facilities and research equipment highlights the ability of the STAR network to perform high‐quality radioecological research. The facilities comprise different kinds of laboratories, such as rooms for: pretreatment of samples, specially constructed experimental systems for radioecological and biological studies and measurement, specialized equipment for radioactivity measurements, radiochemical and biological treatment of samples and organisms. The STAR NoE also holds a large variety of samples from the terrestrial and aquatic environment, and samples from a variety of air samplers collected by a various methods. These samples can be analysed systematically in future to address help address scientific questions in a cost effective manner (e.g. to improve parameter values within WP3 or help meet research requirements outlined in the STAR Strategic Research Agenda see www.star‐radioecology.org). The partners have collected samples during environmental surveillance programmes, within research projects and as a service for customers. Some of the archived samples were collected as early as the 1910s, but most are more recent. Some institutes do not have sample archives of their own, but their samples have been archived elsewhere. Amongst the STAR partners, expertise covers at least 40 different models for radioecological purposes. These covers many challenging fields in area of radioecology like radionuclides atmospheric dispersion, deposition and transport of radioactivity in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. The models are used for calculations of the dose rates, activity concentrations and assessment of risk from ionising radiation. Some of the models are also used for calculating stability diagrams, the equilibrium states, for transport of multiple components, mixed equilibrium and kinetic biogeochemical reactions, as well as various groundwater flow systems, which are designed to simulate aquifer systems. The focus of the models is on human and biota impact assessment. STAR partners are often both users and developers of the models. The SWOT analysis of the STAR infrastructure survey indicated many strengths and opportunities. Most of the strengths are related to integration, knowing and understanding the perspectives of each partner, a wide range of equipment, methods, analytical capacities, and expertise available for common research. This information could also be used for coordination and integration in response to emergencies. In the future, the potential of the infrastructure database is for training and to explore the potential for collaboration between STAR/ALLIANCE and other research organisations, international organizations (e.g. IAEA) and other platforms (NERIS, HERCA, MELODY). The infrastructure database also requires further development, in particular the need for maintenance and updating. The data in the infrastructure wiki pages must be real time

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Linguistik Berbasis CAMTASIA STUDIO di Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Aran IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran linguistik mengunakan piranti lunak camtasia studio versi 8.3 dan mengetahui kualitas media pembelajaran untuk kemudian dapat digunakan sebagai media belajar alternatif bagi mahasiswa PBA IAIN Syekh Nurjati. Rangkaian tujuan tersebut diawali dengan kajian pendahuluan terkait analisis kebutuhan dalam pengembangan media pemebelajaran. Disain pengembangan mengunakan rancangan 4D yang dikembangkan oleh Thiagarajan, Semmel, & Semmel (1974). Tahapan tersebut meliputi empat tahapan yaitu pendefinisian (define), perencanaan (design), pengembangan (develop) dan penyebaran (disseminate). Angket merupakan teknik yang dipilih dalam pengumpulan data dengan instrumennya lembar angket untuk penilaian kualitas media yang mencakup 3 aspek yaitu: kelayakan isi/ materi, kebahasaan dan penyajian. Penilaian dilakukan oleh reviewer yang terdiri dari 1 dosen ahli materi, 1 dosen ahli media, serta respon dari 6 Mahasiswa dalam bentuk uji coba terbatas. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah dikembangkan media pembelajaran linguistic berbasis camtasia studio dengan kualitas media pembelajaran berdasarkan penilaian reviewer (ahli materi, ahli media) bahwa media yang dikembangkan memiliki kategori Sangat Baik (SB) dengan persentase keidealan 82,00 % serta respon mahasiswa terhadap media pembelajaran lingusitik berbasis camtasia studio termasuk dalam kategori Sangat Baik (SB) dengan persentase keidealan 82,00 %. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran terkategori layak sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran linguistik untuk mahasiswa PBA IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon. Kata kunci : Media Pembelajaran, linguistik, Camtasia Studi