Zur Effizienz der Fachsprachen im Fremdsprachenunterricht

Fachsprachen gelten allgemein als relativ undurchsichtig und unzugänglich. "Fachsprachen - abnehmerorientiert" thematisiert diese Auffassung und lädt zu praktikablen Lösungsvorschlägen ein. In diesem Beitrag werden daher verschiedene Lösungsansätze vorgestellt, und zwar im Rahmen einer fachsprachlichen Effizienzhypothese. Dabei wird zunächst der allgemeine Kontext der Wissenschafts- und Fachsprachendiskussion abgesteckt. Im zweiten Teil wird dann die Struktur von Fachsprachen etwas eingehender beschrieben. Der dritte Teil des Beitrages stellt dar, welche Rolle die Medien im Fremdsprachenunterricht spielen können und welche sie in einem konkreten Programm für den fachsprachlichen Leseunterricht tatsächlich spielen. Abschließend wird - auch an Hand laufender Projekte - skizziert, welche Zukunftsperspektiven sich für die mediengestützte Fachsprachenvermittlung ergeben

National-Cultural Features of Causal Semantics Representation by Phraseological Means of Russian Language

The article is devoted to description of a number of phraseological units with the causal semantics. Units of the following semantic groups are analyzed: “To Make. To Force,” “To Subdue,” “To Harass. To Exploit.” Causation is understood widely with inclusion in this concept of causal, concessive and target relations. The specified semantics is verbalized through idioms that describe a particular causal situation. This situation implies the presence of causator (active participant), causable person or object (passive participants). Central component of the studied phraseological units is a causative verb in the infinitive form. Linguistic and cultural analysis allows the author to reveal national and cultural peculiarities of the representation of the causal semantics on the level of phraseology. It is shown that influence of causator on face being caused in the Russian mentality is negatively assessed in most cases and correlates with physical impact on him, limiting his actions. The main images of phraseology of specified semantics are described. In a phraseological unit such components as head , mind , intelligence , soul ( heart ), symbolizing the organs that are affected, are frequent. The structure of the semantic groups with semantic isolation of the series is presented. Synonymic and antonymic relations within these associations are described. Polysemy links at phraseology level are characterized

Features of Verbalisation of Semantics of Consequence in Phraseological Picture of the World in the Russian Language

The article is devoted to the study of phraseological units with semantics of consequence. One of the segments of the concept of CAUSATION is considered, which covers causation, target, conditional and concessional relations. Linguistic and cultural analysis allows to reveal national and cultural peculiarities of verbalization of the mentioned semantics at the level of phraseology. It is shown that phraseological units, which contain the component of consequence in their structure, represent situations of emotional shocks, great physical and mental stress, have causal indicators ot kogo -, ot chego-libo ‘from someone, from something,’ are included in contexts, containing an indication of the cause. The analyzed material confirms the well-known thesis that idioms describing negative emotions prevail in quantitative terms over phraseological units representing positive emotions. The structure of the thematic group of phraseological units involving determination of such semantic groups as “Joy. Delight. Happiness,” “Fear. Horror,” “Anger. Rage,” “Despair,” “Anxiety. Excitement,” “Confusion. Shame,” “Sadness,” “Surprise. Astonishment,” “Suffering. Flour.” The main forms underlying the idioms in the studied groups are described. It is noted that in the structure of phraseological units components serdtse ‘heart,’ dusha ‘soul,’ golova ‘head,’ um ‘mind,’ pamyat’ ‘memory’ symbolizing the emotional and intellectual nature of a person are frequent

Rhetorical Lacunes: Causes, Implications, Warning

The article analyzes the current state of rhetoric as an academic discipline and the prospects for its study. Rhetorical skills and skills of the student are one of the significant results of educational achieve­ments. However, in Russia, their formation is hampered by the absence of the majority of native speakers of ideas about the logical, stylistic and ethical laws of public speech. Purpose of article - based on the analysis of works devoted to modern rhetoric, to characterize the state of rhetorical education in modern society and the place of rhetorical (communication) disciplines in the system of school and university education. The causes of the decline of rhetoric, the ways of its development as a factor in the education of a rhetorical person are considered, the problem of speech influence and its study in a higher educational institution is touched upon.В статье рассматривается современное состояние риторики как учебной дисциплины и перспективы ее изучения

Effect of water deficit on maize seeds (Zea mays L.) during germination

Received: October 29th, 2022 ; Accepted: March 23rd, 2023 ; Published: April 14th, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] climate changes cause the frequent recurrence of droughts, which reduce crop production more than any other environmental factor. This study was conducted to access the effect of water deficit on maize seeds (Zea mays L.) DKC 5143 hybrid during germination. The tasks were to assess the influence of different rank of osmotic stress on the maize lipid peroxidation (LPO), proline content, catalase and aminotransferases activities, and morphometric parameters during the early stages of maize seeds germination. The maize seeds were exposed to five levels of water availability which produced by PEG-1500 solutions (0, 20, 50, 100, 200 g L-1 ). Seeds of maize were germinated on Petri dishes for 7 days under controlled parameters. Amounts of TBARS were increased in maize sprouted seeds by 1.9 times, coleoptiles by 1.4 times, and in roots - by 1.9 times under water deficit. Proline content increased by 9.2 times in coleoptiles and by 6.0 times in 7 days maize roots while PEG-1500 (200 g L–1 ) treatment. An increasing of catalase (CAT), aminotransferases (ALT, AST) activities according to osmotic potential value was also observed. A remarkable development of maize oxidative reaction was associated with a significant reduction in emergence, wet weight and length of water-stressed plants. These results assume that the maize adaptive strategy to osmotic stress during germination was found in the activation of LPO and antioxidant components. The findings provide useful help for correcting the stress state of maize using osmotically active regulators

Civic patriotism among young sportsman in the South of Russia: Sociological analysis and diagnostics

Purpose: This article is aimed at revealing the specifics of civil and Patriotic practices in the youth environment of the South Russian region. Methodology: The sociological study used methods of qualitative operational analysis and theoretical interpretation of the obtained empirical data, as well as methods of sociological diagnostics aimed at the conceptual generalization of the results of empirical research by social recognition of the qualitative characteristics of civil patriotism in the youth environment as an integral social phenomenon. Result: In modern Russian society, patriotism is positively perceived by the majority, including young Russians, who associate it with love for the Motherland and a willingness to stand up for it. However, state patriotism in the youth environment lacks citizenship, that is, the desire of young people to actively participate in social Affairs, working for the benefit of society and the social environment. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and students. Novelty/Originality: The sociological analysis and diagnostics reveal the reasons for the low level of civic patriotism among young people, as well as the factors that hinder its development in regional communities in the South of Russia.The article was completed as part of the implementation of the State Assignment (Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation), project No. 28.3486.2017 / PC “Civil patriotism in the formation and development of solidarity practices in the south of Russia: resource potential and conditions for its implementation”

Criteria for Visual Ecology of Roadside Architecture

10995/27938В статье проанализированы основные принципывидеоэкологии. Изучено восприятие человеком различных архитектурных форм. Определены основные критерии проектирования зданий, согласно принципам визуальной экологии, которые необходимо учитывать в архитектуре придорожных комплексов.The article analyzes the basic principles of videoecology. The human perception of various architectural forms has been studied. The main criteria for the design of buildings have been determined, according to the principles of visual ecology, which must be taken into account in the architecture of roadside complexes

Influence of various factors on chemical decomposition of oxyethylated isononylphenols

Oxidative decomposition of difficultly biodegradable nonionic surfactants, oxyethylated phenols with various degrees of oxyethylation (Neonols AF 9-6, 9-10, 9-12), was examined. The initial rate and extent of the oxidation depend on the degree of oxyethylation, anion of the iron salt added, and temperatureye

Population Structure and Molecular Characterization of Nigerian Field Genebank Collections of Cacao, Theobroma cacao L.

AbstractInadequate knowledge of the population structure and diversity present often hamper the efficient use of germplasm collections. Using a high through-put system, twelve microsatellite loci were used to analyze genetic diversity and population structure in a national field genebank repository of 243 cacao accessions grouped into 11 populations based on their known sources. Based on multi-locus profiles, the Bayesian method was used for individual assignment to verify membership in each population, determine mislabeling and ancestry of some important accessions used in breeding program. A total of 218 alleles was revealed with a mean number of 18.2 alleles per locus. Gene diversity (He= 0.70) and allelic richness (4.34 alleles per locus) were highest in the F1 hybrid population. Differential mating system was suggested as responsible for the observed deficit and excess of heterozygotes observed among the populations. Analysis of molecular variance showed that within-population variance accounted for 63.0% of the total variance while the rest 37% was accounted for by the among-population variance. Cluster dendrogram based on UPGMA revealed two main subsets. The first group was made up of the Amelonado/Trinitario ancestry and the other of Nanay/Parinari ancestry. We found that Nanay and Parinari populations were the major source of Upper Amazon genes utilized while a large proportion of genetic diversity in the field genebank remained under-utilized in development of improved cultivars released to farmers in Nigeria. This study showed that the presence of alleles of the Upper Amazon Forasteros (Nanay, Parinari and Iquitos Mixed Calabacillo) genetic materials in the locally available accessions predated the formal large scale introduction of Upper Amazon materials in 1944. This is the first report of population structure of field genebank collections of cacao in Nigeria since more than seven decades of formal cacao breeding research