32 research outputs found
An evaluation of Independent Child Trafficking Guardians â early adopter sites
This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3This evaluation, conducted by the Home Office and the University of Bedfordshire has assessed the ICTG service in the three original early adopter sites (Greater Manchester, Hampshire, and Wales). The evaluation, conducted across a two-year period from February 2017 â January 2019, considers the original model for the ICTG service which provided one-to-one ICTG support for all children. The overall aim of the evaluation is to answer the question:
What is the âadded valueâ of the ICTG service, and is this different for different groups of children and in different early adopter sites
An evaluation of Independent Child Trafficking Guardians : early adopter sites. Final report, July 2019
The Relationship of Left Ventricular Trabeculation to Ventricular Function and Structure Over a 9.5-Year Follow-Up The MESA Study
Left ventricular (LV) trabeculation is highly variable among individuals and is increased in some diseases (e.g., congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathies), but its significance in population-representative individuals is unknown
Work, identity, place and population. A changing landscape
Taking a biographical approach, this paper uses life history narratives across four generations of families living and working in Wigan, Lancashire to analyse social and cultural changes in working life biographies over the past 80 years. Beginning with those who left school at 14, prior to the 1944 Education Act up to the present, where young people are required to remain in education until 18, the paper examines the decisions people have taken throughout their working lives. Inevitably these are shaped by structural changes, particularly to the industrial landscape. The biographical narratives allow a âbottom upâ approach to uncovering changes to life courses over three generations in a northern British former industrial town whilst also exploring the wider relations between self, society and place (conceptualised here as âtaskscapeâ) in a post-industrial setting. Key changes over the generations are the increased ability of women to pursue careers in addition to having a family, the decrease in parental influence over career choice, and the loss of a âjob for lifeâ and employment opportunities for manual workers
International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis
Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICARâRS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICARâRSâ2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidenceâbased findings of the document. Methods: ICARâRS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidenceâbased reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidenceâbased reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICARâRSâ2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidenceâbased management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICARâRSâ2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidenceâbased recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS
Indigo: User-level Support for Building Distributed Shared Abstractions
Distributed systems that consist of workstations connected by high performance
interconnects offer computational power comparable to moderate size parallel
machines. Middleware like Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) or Distributed
Shared Objects (DSO) attempts to improve the programmability of such hardware
by presenting to application programmers interfaces similar to those offered
by shared memory machines. This paper presents the portable {\em Indigo}
communications library which provides a small set of primitives with which
arbitrary shared abstractions are easily and efficiently implemented
across distributed hardware platforms. Sample shared abstractions implemented
with Indigo include DSM and a variety of DSM protocols as well as
fragmented objects, where object state is split across different machines and
where fragment communications may be customized to application-specific
consistency needs. The Indigo library's design and implementation are
evaluated on two different target platforms, a workstation cluster and
an IBM SP-2 machine. As part of this evaluation, a novel DSM system and
consistency protocol are implemented and evaluated with several high
performance applications. Application performance attained with the DSM system
is compared to the performance experienced when utilizing the
underlying basic message passing facilities or when employing Indigo to
construct customized fragmented objects implementing the application's
shared state. Such experimentation results in insights concerning the
efficient implementation of DSM systems (e.g., how to deal with
false sharing). It also leads to the conclusion that Indigo provides a
sufficiently rich set of abstractions for efficient implementation of the
next generation of parallel programming models for high performance
machines
A Characterization of Scalable Shared Memories
The traditional consistency requirements of shared memory are expensive
to provide both in large scale multiprocessor systems and also in
distributed systems that implement a shared memory abstraction in
software. As a result, several memory systems have been proposed that
enhance performance and scalability of shared memories by providing
weaker consistency guarantees. Often, different models are used to
describe such memories which makes it difficult to relate and compare
them. We develop a simple non-operational model and identify parameters
that can be varied to describe not only the existing memories but also
to identify new ones. We show how such a uniform framework makes it
easy to compare and relate the various memories. We also use the model
to show that a well known software solution to the critical section
problem can be used to distinguish the RC[subscript sc] and RC[subscript pc] memories explored
in the DASH architecture
Causal Memory: Definitions, Implementation, and Programming
The abstraction of a shared memory is of growing importance in
distributed computing systems. Traditional memory consistency ensures
that all processes agree on a common order of all operations on
memory. Unfortunately, providing these guarantees entails access
latencies that prevent scaling to large systems. This paper weakens
such guarantees by defining causal memory, an abstraction that ensures
that processes in a system agree on the relative ordering of operations
that are causally related. Because causal memory is weakly consistent,
it admits more executions, and hence more concurrency, than either
atomic or sequentially consistent memories. This paper provides a
formal definition of causal memory and gives an implementation for
message-passing systems. In addition, it describes a practical class
of programs that, if developed for a strongly consistent memory, run
correctly with causal memory