"Those who work alone add. Those who cooperate multiply."

Anhand der Funktion der Praxisdozierenden werden verschiedene Problemfelder in den Praxiszentren der Pädagogischen Hochschule Zürich aufgezeigt. Wie schon bei den Lead Teachers in den frühen Konzepten der Professional Development Schools besteht die Gefahr, dass diese Funktionsdifferenzierung die intendierte Wirkung einer engen Kooperation von Hochschulen und Praktikumsschulen in der berufspraktischen Ausbildung von Lehrpersonen unterläuft. Im hybriden Raum zeichnet sich die Zusammenarbeit durch eine Integration aller Beteiligten aus mit dem Ziel, eine geteilte Sicht auf die Professionalisierung und eine Kultur von Dialogik und Dialektik zwischen Studierenden, Dozierenden und Praktikumslehrpersonen zu entwickeln. (DIPF/Orig.)Based on the function of practice teacher educators, the article discusses various problem areas concerning the practice centers at the Zurich University of Teacher Education. As with lead teachers in the early concepts of Professional Development Schools, there is a danger that this differentiation of functions undermines the intended effect of close cooperation between universities and internship schools in the professional training of teachers. In the hybrid space, collaboration is characterized by an integration of all stakeholders with the goal of developing a shared view of professionalization and a dialogic and dialectic culture between students, teacher educators, and practicum teachers. (DIPF/Orig.

«Wer allein arbeitet, addiert. Wer zusammen arbeitet, multipliziert.»

Anhand der Funktion der Praxisdozierenden werden verschiedene Problemfelder in den Praxiszentren der Pädagogischen Hochschule Zürich aufgezeigt. Wie schon bei den Lead Teachers in den frühen Konzepten der Professional Development Schools besteht die Gefahr, dass diese Funktionsdifferenzierung die intendierte Wirkung einer engen Kooperation von Hochschulen und Praktikumsschulen in der berufspraktischen Ausbildung von Lehrpersonen unterläuft. Im hybriden Raum zeichnet sich die Zusammenarbeit durch eine Integration aller Beteiligten aus mit dem Ziel, eine geteilte Sicht auf die Professionalisierung und eine Kultur von Dialogik und Dialektik zwischen Studierenden, Dozierenden und Praktikumslehrpersonen zu entwickeln

The Effects of 5-Hydroxytryptophan in Combination with Different Fatty Acids on Gastrointestinal Functions: A Pilot Experiment

Background. Fat affects gastric emptying (GE). 5-Hydroxythryptophan (5-HTP) is involved in central and peripheral satiety mechanisms. Influence of 5-HTP in addition to saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) on GE and hormone release was investigated. Subjects/Methods. 24 healthy individuals (12f : 12m, 22-29 years, BMI 19-25.7 kg/m(2)) were tested on 4 days with either 5-HTP + short-chain saturated FA (butter), placebo + butter, 5-HTP + monounsaturated FA (olive oil), or placebo + olive oil in double-blinded randomized order. Two hours after FA/5-HTP or placebo intake, a C-13 octanoid acid test was conducted. Cortisol, serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin were measured, as were mood and GE. Results. GE was delayed with butter and was normal with olive (P < 0.05) but not affected by 5-HTP. 5-HTP supplementation did not affect serotonin levels. Food intake increased plasma CCK (F = 6.136; P < 0.05) irrespective of the FA. Ghrelin levels significantly decreased with oil/5-HTP (F = 9.166; P < 0.001). The diurnal cortisol profile was unaffected by FA or 5-HTP, as were ratings of mood, hunger, and stool urgency. Conclusion. Diverse FAs have different effects on GE and secretion of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones. Supplementation of 5-HTP had no effect on plasma serotonin and central functions. Further studies are needed to explain the complex interplay

The HD(CP)² Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE) – an overview

The HD(CP)2 Observational Prototype Experiment (HOPE) was performed as a major 2-month field experiment in Jülich, Germany, in April and May 2013, followed by a smaller campaign in Melpitz, Germany, in September 2013. HOPE has been designed to provide an observational dataset for a critical evaluation of the new German community atmospheric icosahedral non-hydrostatic (ICON) model at the scale of the model simulations and further to provide information on land-surface–atmospheric boundary layer exchange, cloud and precipitation processes, as well as sub-grid variability and microphysical properties that are subject to parameterizations. HOPE focuses on the onset of clouds and precipitation in the convective atmospheric boundary layer. This paper summarizes the instrument set-ups, the intensive observation periods, and example results from both campaigns. HOPE-Jülich instrumentation included a radio sounding station, 4 Doppler lidars, 4 Raman lidars (3 of them provide temperature, 3 of them water vapour, and all of them particle backscatter data), 1 water vapour differential absorption lidar, 3 cloud radars, 5 microwave radiometers, 3 rain radars, 6 sky imagers, 99 pyranometers, and 5 sun photometers operated at different sites, some of them in synergy. The HOPE-Melpitz campaign combined ground-based remote sensing of aerosols and clouds with helicopter- and balloon-based in situ observations in the atmospheric column and at the surface. HOPE provided an unprecedented collection of atmospheric dynamical, thermodynamical, and micro- and macrophysical properties of aerosols, clouds, and precipitation with high spatial and temporal resolution within a cube of approximately 10  ×  10  ×  10 km3. HOPE data will significantly contribute to our understanding of boundary layer dynamics and the formation of clouds and precipitation. The datasets have been made available through a dedicated data portal. First applications of HOPE data for model evaluation have shown a general agreement between observed and modelled boundary layer height, turbulence characteristics, and cloud coverage, but they also point to significant differences that deserve further investigations from both the observational and the modelling perspective

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Follow-up of Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation, Deformation and Mandibular Growth in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients on Systemic Treatment

OBJECTIVE To investigate the course of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation, osseous deformation and mandibular ramus growth in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) during systemic therapy. METHODS Longitudinal study of 38 consecutive JIA patients (29 female, median age 9.0 years, interquartile range 6.2 to 10.7 years) on systemic therapy with TMJ involvement, with two TMJ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations ≥ 2 years apart and no TMJ corticosteroid injection. Clinical and MRI findings were compared between initial and follow-up examinations and between TMJs with and without active inflammation at baseline. RESULTS Over a median period of 3.6 years (range, 2.0-8.7 years), MRI grade of TMJ inflammation improved (p=0.009) and overall osseous deformity tended to become less severe (p=0.114). In TMJs with arthritis at baseline (46 TMJs), both the grades of inflammation (p<0.001) and deformity (p=0.011) improved. In TMJs with no arthritis at baseline (30 TMJs), the frequency and grade of condylar deformation remained stable. Mandibular ramus growth rates were not significantly different between TMJs with and without arthritis at baseline (1.3 mm/year versus 1.5 mm/year, p=0.273), and were not correlated with the degree of inflammation at baseline or followup. The frequency of facial asymmetry tended to be lower at follow-up than at initial examination (24% versus 45%, p=0.056). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that systemic treatment of TMJ arthritis in children with JIA decreases the degree of inflammation seen on MRI, preserves osseous TMJ morphology and maintains normal mandibular ramus growth

Temporomandibular joint magnetic resonance imaging findings in adolescents with anterior disk displacement compared to those with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

BACKGROUND Deformation of the mandibular condyle can be associated with anterior disk displacement (ADD) or involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Diagnostic differentiation is critical for proper management. OBJECTIVES To compare morphology and inflammation between TMJs with ADD and JIA. METHODS Retrospective assessment of contrast-enhanced TMJ MRI in 18 adolescents (15 female, mean age 15.1±1.9 years) with ADD and age- and gender-matched patients with JIA. Articular disk findings, inflammatory signs and osseous morphology were compared. RESULTS In the ADD-group, 31/36 disks were displaced. 28/31 displaced disks showed thickening of the bilaminar zone. In JIA patients, the disks were mainly flattened (19/36), centrally perforated (12/36) and/or anteriorly displaced (2/36). 19/31 TMJs with ADD showed various degrees of inflammation, with joint effusion, synovial thickening and joint enhancement not significantly different from JIA patients. Osseous deformity was present in 27/31 TMJs with ADD, with frequent erosions in both groups (ADD 25/31; JIA 32/36, p=0.55) but lower grades of condylar and temporal bone flattening than in JIA (p≤0.001). Glenoid fossa depth was preserved in 28/31 joints with ADD and decreased in 26/36 joints with JIA (p<0.0001). Mandibular ramus height was decreased in both groups. CONCLUSION In adolescents, inflammatory signs are common MRI findings in symptomatic TMJs with ADD and thus should not be considered diagnostic for JIA involvement. In this cohort, both entities had high rates of condylar deformity, while TMJs with ADD showed a better-preserved and often normal shape of the glenoid fossa. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Prevalence of Anti-infliximab Antibodies and Their Associated Co-factors in Children with Refractory Arthritis and/or Uveitis: A Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

Infliximab (IFX) is a monoclonal tumor necrosis factor-α-inhibiting antibody used in children with refractory arthritis and uveitis. Immunogenicity is associated with a lack of clinical response and infusion reactions in adults; data on immunogenicity in children treated with IFX for rheumatic diseases are scarce. We aimed to describe the prevalence of anti-IFX antibodies and determine co-factors associated with anti-IFX antibodies in children with inflammatory rheumatic and ocular diseases. Consecutive children treated between August 2009 and August 2012 with IFX at our department were included. Blood samples were collected every 6 months before IFX infusion and tested for anti-IFX antibodies by radioimmunoassay. Patients' charts were retrospectively reviewed for clinical features and analyzed for associations with anti-IFX antibodies. Anti-IFX antibodies occurred in 14/62 children (23%) and 32/253 blood samples (12.6%) after a mean treatment time of 1084 days (range 73-3498). Infusion reactions occurred in 10/62 (16%) children during the treatment period. With continuation of IFX, anti-IFX antibodies disappeared in 7/14 children. In the bivariate analysis, the occurrence of anti-IFX antibodies was associated with younger age at IFX treatment start (mean age 7.01 vs 9.88 yrs, p = 0.003) and infusion reactions (OR 15.0), while uveitis as treatment indication was protective against development of anti-IFX antibodies (OR 0.17), likely because of higher IFX doses. In the multivariate logistic regression, all 3 covariates remained highly significant. Anti-IFX antibodies occurred commonly at any time during IFX treatment. Anti-IFX antibodies were associated with younger age at IFX start, infusion reactions, and arthritis as treatment indicatio