Cumulants of multiple conserved charges and global conservation laws

We analyze the behavior of cumulants of conserved charges in a subvolume of a thermal system with exact global conservation laws by extending a recently developed subensemble acceptance method (SAM) [V. Vovchenko et al., arXiv:2003.13905] to multiple conserved charges. Explicit expressions for all diagonal and off-diagonal cumulants up to sixth order that relate them to the grand canonical susceptibilities are obtained. The derivation is presented for an arbitrary equation of state with an arbitrary number of different conserved charges. The global conservation effects cancel out in any ratio of two second order cumulants, in any ratio of two third order cumulants, as well as in a ratio of strongly intensive measures $\Sigma$ and $\Delta$ involving any two conserved charges, making all these quantities particularly suitable for theory-to-experiment comparisons in heavy-ion collisions. We also show that the same cancellation occurs in correlators of a conserved charge, like the electric charge, with any non-conserved quantity such as net proton or net kaon number. The main results of the SAM are illustrated in the framework of the hadron resonance gas model. We also elucidate how net-proton and net-$\Lambda$ fluctuations are affected by conservation of electric charge and strangeness in addition to baryon number.Comment: 39 pages, 5 figures, to be published in JHE

ZnO Coatings with Controlled Pore Size, Crystallinity and Electrical Conductivity

Zinc oxide is a wide bandgap semiconductor with unique optical, electrical and catalytic properties. Many of its practical applications rely on the materials pore structure, crystallinity and electrical conductivity. We report a synthesis method for ZnO films with ordered mesopore structure and tuneable crystallinity and electrical conductivity. The synthesis relies on dip-coating of solutions containing micelles of an amphiphilic block copolymer and complexes of Zn2+ ions with aliphatic ligands. A subsequent calcination at 400 °C removes the template and induces crystallization of the pore walls. The pore structure is controlled by the template polymer, whereas the aliphatic ligands control the crystallinity of the pore walls. Complexes with a higher thermal stability result in ZnO films with a higher content of residual carbon, smaller ZnO crystals and therefore lower electrical conductivity. The paper discusses the ability of different types of ligands to assist in the synthesis of mesoporous ZnO and relates the structure and thermal stability of the precursor complexes to the crystallinity and electrical conductivity of the zinc oxide

MICROFACIES DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELAYAR LIMESTONE SOUTH SULAWESI

The Selayar Limestone with reference of the\ud Bulukumba region suggests that there are four\ud stages of reef development shifting from the north\ud (Bontotiro area) dominated by foraminiferal\ud limestone to the south (Bira area) dominated by\ud coral reefs. The shifting growth of the reefs was\ud most probably controlled by tectonics in which\ud the rocks in the Bontotiro area were uplifted\ud before the subsequent reef formations developed\ud in the Bira area. The reefs are: 1) lower Late\ud Miocene foraminiferal limestones, 2) upper Late\ud Miocene to Pliocene coral reef, 3) Pliocene\ud coralgal reef and 4) Pleistocene coral reef.ABSTRACT\ud The Selayar Limestone was mapped as a member of the Walanae Formation and was developed in the\ud southern tip of South Sulawesi during the Late Miocene to the Pliocene (Sukamto & Supriatna 1982).\ud This study, conducted in two areas of eastern Bulukumba, South Sulawesi. The study reveals four reef\ud units of development, which shifted from an older reef formation in the northern part (Bontotiro area) to a\ud younger formation in the southern part (Bira area). The units corresponding to the age of the reefs are the:\ud a) lower Late Miocene B-1 unit. The B-1 Unit of the Bontotiro area is predominantly composed of large\ud foraminiferal limestone, which form knoll-like hills; b) upper Late Miocene to Pliocene B-2 and Upper\ud Terrace Unit. The B-2 Unit in the upper part of the Bontotiro area and the Upper Terrace Unit of the Bira\ud area are considered as the same development unit because they are of the same age; c) Pliocene coralgal\ud reefs of the Middle Terrace Unit. The Middle Terrace Unit is characterized by Halimeda limestone and\ud well-preserved fibrous cements; d) Pleistocene coral reefs of the Lower Terrace. The Lower Terrace Unit\ud is dominated by coral reefs and was formed from reef flank seaward and reef framework leeward

Monte-Carlo simulations of the recombination dynamics in porous silicon

A simple lattice model describing the recombination dynamics in visible light emitting porous Silicon is presented. In the model, each occupied lattice site represents a Si crystal of nanometer size. The disordered structure of porous Silicon is modeled by modified random percolation networks in two and three dimensions. Both correlated (excitons) and uncorrelated electron-hole pairs have been studied. Radiative and non-radiative processes as well as hopping between nearest neighbor occupied sites are taken into account. By means of extensive Monte-Carlo simulations, we show that the recombination dynamics in porous Silicon is due to a dispersive diffusion of excitons in a disordered arrangement of interconnected Si quantum dots. The simulated luminescence decay for the excitons shows a stretched exponential lineshape while for uncorrelated electron-hole pairs a power law decay is suggested. Our results successfully account for the recombination dynamics recently observed in the experiments. The present model is a prototype for a larger class of models describing diffusion of particles in a complex disordered system.Comment: 33 pages, RevTeX, 19 figures available on request to [email protected]

Pilot Study on the Use of a Laser-Structured Double Diamond Electrode (DDE) for Biofilm Removal from Dental Implant Surfaces

No proper treatment option for peri-implantitis exists yet. Based on previous studies showing the in vitro effectiveness of electrochemical disinfection using boron-doped diamond electrodes, novel double diamond electrodes (DDE) were tested here. Using a ceramic carrier and a laser structuring process, a clinically applicable electrode array was manufactured. Roughened metal discs (n = 24) made from Ti-Zr alloy were exposed to the oral cavities of six volunteers for 24 h in order to generate biofilm. Then, biofilm removal was carried out either using plastic curettes and chlorhexidine digluconate or electrochemical disinfection. In addition, dental implants were contaminated with ex vivo multispecies biofilm and disinfected using DDE treatment. Bacterial growth and the formation of biofilm polymer were determined as outcome measures. Chemo-mechanical treatment could not eliminate bacteria from roughened surfaces, while in most cases, a massive reduction of bacteria and biofilm polymer was observed following DDE treatment. Electrochemical disinfection was charge- and time-dependent and could also not reach complete disinfection in all instances. Implant threads had no negative effect on DDE treatment. Bacteria exhibit varying resistance to electrochemical disinfection with Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria sp., Rothia mucilaginosa, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Streptococcus mitis surviving 5 min of DDE application at 6 V. Electrochemical disinfection is promising but requires further optimization with respect to charge quantity and application time in order to achieve disinfection without harming host tissue

Germ Plasm Evaluation Program- Progress Report No. 10

This report updates reproduction and maternal performance data for cows in Cycle II, Phase 2 and Cycle III, Phase 2 of the Germ Plasm Evaluation Program. The cattle Germ Plasm Evaluation Program has been conducted in three cycles. Cycle I involved breeding Hereford, Angus, Jersey, South Devon, Limousin, Simmental, and Charolais bulls by artificial insemination (AI) to Hereford and Angus cows to produce three calf crops (Cycle I, Phase 2) in the spring of 1970, 1971 and 1972. Cycle II, initiated wit~ the 1972 breeding season, involved the Hereford and Angus cows used in the first cycle. These cows were bred by AI to Hereford, Angus, Red Poll, Brown Swiss, Gelbvieh, Maine Anjou, and Chianina sires to produce two calf crops (Cycle II, Phase 2) in the spring of 1973 and 1974. In addition, in Cycle II, Phase 2, Red Poll and Brown Swiss cows were added to the program and mated to Hereford, Angus, Red Poll, and Brown Swiss sires in a four-breed diallel crossbreeding experiment. Cycle III was initiated during the 1974 breeding season. In Cycle III, the Hereford and Angus cows used to initiate Cycles I and II were mated by AI to Hereford, Angus, Pinzgauer, Tarentaise, Brahman, and Sahiwal sires to produce two calf crops (Cycle III, Phase 2) in the spring of l975 and 1976. Fifteen of the Hereford and 16 of the Angus sires used in Cycle I were also used in Cycle II and Cycle III to insure a stable control population of Hereford and Angus reciprocal crosses that are used as a basis for comparison between different cycles and phases of the program. Within each cycle of sire breeds, foundation cows (Hereford and Angus, in Cycles I, II, and III, plus Red Poll and Brown Swiss in Cycle II) are referred to as Phase 1. Their calves are called Phase 2, and the calves from Phase 2 cows are designated Phase 3. Specific mating plans for each cycle and phase of the program are provided in the appendix of Progress Report No. 9