Motion processing impaired by transient spatial attention: Potential implications for the magnocellular pathway

Spatial cues presented prior to the presentation of a static stimulus usually improve its perception. However, previous research has also shown that transient exogenous cues to direct spatial attention to the location of a forthcoming stimulus can lead to reduced performance. In the present study, we investigated the effects of transient exogenous cues on the perception of briefly presented drifting Gabor patches. The spatial and temporal frequencies of the drifting Gabors were chosen to mainly engage the magnocellular pathway. We found better performance in the motion direction discrimination task when neutral cues were presented before the drifting target compared to a valid spatial cue. The behavioral results support the hypothesis that transient attention prolongs the internal response to the attended stimulus, thus reducing the temporal segregation of visual events. These results were complemented by applying a recently developed model for perceptual decisions to rule out a speed-accuracy trade-off and to further assess cueing effects on visual performance. In a model-based assessment, we found that valid cues initially enhanced processing but overall resulted in less efficient processing compared to neutral cues, possibly caused by reduced temporal segregation of visual events

A comparison of equivalent noise methods in investigating local and global form and motion integration

Static and dynamic cues within certain spatiotemporal proximity are used to evoke respective global percepts of form and motion. The limiting factors in this process are, first, internal noise, which indexes local orientation/direction detection, and, second, sampling efficiency, which relates to the processing and the representation of global orientation/direction. These parameters are quantified using the equivalent noise (EN) paradigm. EN has been implemented with just two levels: high and low noise. However, when using this simplified version, one must assume the shape of the overall noise dependence, as the intermediate points are missing. Here, we investigated whether two distinct EN methods, the 8-point and the simplified 2-point version, reveal comparable parameter estimates. This was performed for three different types of stimuli: random dot kinematograms, and static and dynamic translational Glass patterns, to investigate how constant internal noise estimates are, and how sampling efficiency might vary over tasks. The results indicated substantial compatibility between estimates over a wide range of external noise levels sampled with eight data points, and a simplified version producing two highly informative data points. Our findings support the use of a simplified procedure to estimate essential form-motion integration parameters, paving the way for rapid and critical applications to populations that cannot tolerate protracted measurements

Impact of pre-drying on the textural, chemical, color, and sensory properties of explosive puffing dried white cheese snacks

The effects of microwave drying (MD), freeze-drying (FD), and microwave+freeze-drying (MD+FD) as predrying treatments prior to explosion puffing drying (EPD) on the physical, chemical, and sensory qualities of reduced-fat white cheese (RFWC) snacks were studied. Compared with RFWC snacks produced by MD+EPD and FD+EPD, MD+FD+EPD gave acceptable crispy texture snacks having lower mean pore diameter, lower bulk density, better sensory properties, and more uniform color. In terms of chemical properties, MD+FD+EPD was successful for obtaining RFWC snacks with lower salt content and higher protein content than FD+EPD. RFWC snacks pre-dried up to 60 g/100 g moisture content by MD at 180 W and then pre-dried up to 45 g/100 g moisture content by FD at 20 Pa pressure prior to EPD were the most acceptable product in terms of physical, chemical, textural, and sensory properties.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey,Turkey [TUBITAK 117 O 954]The authors are thankful for the financial support provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey,Turkey (TUBITAK 117 O 954) . The authors are also grateful to Sutas Dairy Company for providing white cheese

Drying kinetics behavior of turkey breast meat in different drying methods

WOS: 000547750200001In this study, turkey breast meat samples were dried with hot air (60, 75, 90 degrees C), microwave (180, 360, 540 W) and freeze (0.1, 0.15, 0.2 mbar) drying and parameters related to the drying kinetics of turkey breast meat were investigated. Although a constant drying rate was not observed for all drying methods, the drying process occurred only during the falling drying rate period. Microwave drying process times were lower than those of hot air and freeze drying because of volumetric heating. Drying times decreased by increasing temperature, power and vacuum pressure. Kinetic parameters were determined by using the semi-empirical models of 2. Fick's diffusion equation. Two terms, Logarithmic and Page models were found to be better for hot air, microwave and freeze drying, respectively. in addition, the effective diffusion coefficient values were found in range of 2.03-2.53 x 10(-10), 27.89-103.96 x 10(-10)and 2.99-3.36 x 10(-10)m(2)/s for hot air, microwave and freeze drying, respectively. Effective diffusion coefficients increased in direct proportion with temperature, microwave power and vacuum pressure. the activation energy obtained by the modified Arrhenius equation were 7.481 kJ/mol to 6.043 W/g for hot air and microwave drying respectively. Practical Applications the drying kinetics behavior of foods is important for protecting the final product quality, determining the process method and optimizing the process parameters in the food industry. Despite the availability of many drying kinetics studies, meat products exhibit different behaviors during the drying process due to their structure and composition. the drying kinetics behavior of turkey breast meat with different drying techniques was investigated in this study. When the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy data were considered, it was noticed that microwave drying provided a faster and more effective drying process. the moisture content and water activity values, which are very important especially for meat products, showed that freeze drying provided a more reliable product by reducing the moisture content and water activity of final product more than other drying methods.Pinar Entegre Et ve Un Sanayi; TubitakTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [117O954]Pinar Entegre Et ve Un Sanayi; Tubitak, Grant/Award Number: 117O95

Multichromic Vanadium Pentoxide Thin Films Through Ultrasonic Spray Deposition

Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is a highly promising material for optoelectronic applications due to its wide optical band gap, significant thermal/chemical stability, and intriguing multichromic properties. Nonetheless, the production of uniform and crack-free V2O5 thin films over large areas via conventional deposition methods remain to be a challenge. In this work, we demonstrate deposition of microscopically uniform, large area (15 cm x 15 cm), nanocrystalline and multichromic V2O5 thin films onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates via ultrasonic spray deposition (USD) method. Thin-film formation behavior, microstructural and optoelectronic properties of the deposited films were investigated as a function of post-deposition annealing temperature. Electrochromic performance of the fabricated films up to an area of 15 cm x 15 cm was monitored using cyclic voltammetry (CV), where 3 different coloration states of V2O5 were observed under different applied potentials. Electrochromic devices fabricated with the deposited V2O5 thin films were found to be stable up to 1000 cycles. Results presented herein provide a new roadmap for the large area deposition of V2O5 through USD method, which can be readily extended to a vast number of other functional metal oxide systems. (c) 2021 The Electrochemical Society ("ECS"). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited

The Complex Genetic Landscape of Hereditary Ataxias in Turkey and Implications in Clinical Practice

Background The genetic and epidemiological features of hereditary ataxias have been reported in several populations; however, Turkey is still unexplored. Due to high consanguinity, recessive ataxias are more common in Turkey than in Western European populations

The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T)

Conclusion: This is the largest and most comprehensive epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of psychopathologies in children and adolescents in Turkey. Our results partly higher than, and partly comparable to previous national and international studies. It also contributes to the literature by determining the independent predictors of psychopathologies in this age group

The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T).

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood psychopathologies in Turkey