Female Audit Partners and Extended Audit Reporting: UK Evidence

This study investigates whether audit partner gender is associated with the extent of auditor disclosure and the communication style regarding risks of material misstatements that are classified as key audit matters (KAMs). Using a sample of UK firms during the 2013–2017 period, our results suggest that female audit partners are more likely than male audit partners to disclose more KAMs with more details after controlling for both client and audit firm attributes. Furthermore, female audit partners are found to use a less optimistic tone and provide less readable audit reports, compared to their male counterparts, suggesting that behavioural variances between female and male audit partners may have significant implications on their writing style. Therefore, this study offers new insights on the role of audit partner gender in extended audit reporting. Our findings have important implications for audit firms, investors, policymakers and governments in relation to the development, implementation and enforcement of gender diversity

Determinants of the continuity in the demand for external auditing services voluntarily: Evidence for the case of Spain

RESUMEN: En la Unión Europea se está viviendo actualmente un intenso debate en torno a la regulación de la auditoría de cuentas. Uno de los temas más relevantes y controvertidos es la definición del tamaño de las empresas obligadas a auditarse. Este trabajo está centrado en el estudio de la contratación voluntaria del servicio de auditoría. En concreto, se examinan los factores que determinan la continuidad del cliente cuando este deja de estar obligado a auditarse. Como metodología de investigación se realiza una encuesta a 275 pymes en España. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que la percepción de la mejora en la calidad de la información financiera y en el control de los registros contables internos es el principal factor que contribuye a continuar contratando de forma voluntaria el servicio. Además, dicha continuidad es más probable en las empresas que ya se auditan voluntariamente, en las auditadas por firmas internacionales y en las que mantienen una menor relación con las entidades de crédito y otros prestamistas.ABSTRACT: The European Union is currently experiencing an intense debate over the legal regulation of auditing.One of the most important and controversial issues is the definition of the size of the companies that arerequired to audit their annual accounts. This work is focused on studying the voluntary hiring of auditingservices. In particular, it examines the factors that may lead companies to continue hiring an auditorvoluntarily if they were no longer required to do so. The research methodology is based on a surveythat was conducted on 275 SMEs in Spain. The results show that the perception of the improvementin the quality of financial reporting and in the control of internal accounting records is the main factorcontributing to continue hiring the audit service voluntarily. Moreover, such continuity is more likely incompanies that are already audited voluntarily, that are audited by international firms and that maintain a lower relation with credit institutions and other lenders

The effects of advertising and solicitation on audit fees

Leading academic and professional accountants have suggested that the crisis in auditing over the past few years may have had its origin in deregulation which allowed firms to advertise their services and solicit new clients, encouraging accounting firms to become more commercial. In this paper, we look at this issue in New Zealand which has the unique distinction of having separated two key forms of deregulation, namely advertising and solicitation, by 6 years. This allows us to separately examine the effect of each form of market competition on audit fees. We find that advertising is associated with increases in fees, not decreases, which suggests that quality-based advertising took place, and not price-based advertising. In contrast, solicitation corresponded with a general decrease in average fees for clients of the Big 8. We interpret this result as indicating an increase in competition among accounting firms. Our results suggest that there may be a much more complex relationship among market competition, advertising and solicitation, and fees than the arguments used to originally justify deregulation.status: publishe

The effects of advertising and solicitation on audit fees

Leading academic and professional accountants have suggested that the crisis in auditing over the past few years may have had its origin in deregulation which allowed firms to advertise their services and solicit new clients, encouraging accounting firms to become more commercial. In this paper, we look at this issue in New Zealand which has the unique distinction of having separated two key forms of deregulation, namely advertising and solicitation, by 6 years. This allows us to separately examine the effect of each form of market competition on audit fees. We find that advertising is associated with increases in fees, not decreases, which suggests that quality-based advertising took place, and not price-based advertising. In contrast, solicitation corresponded with a general decrease in average fees for clients of the Big 8. We interpret this result as indicating an increase in competition among accounting firms. Our results suggest that there may be a much more complex relationship among market competition, advertising and solicitation, and fees than the arguments used to originally justify deregulation.Auditing Audit fees Competition Deregulation Advertising Direct solicitation

The Routledge companion to auditing /

Includes bibliographical references and index

The Role of Risk Management and Governance in Determining Audit Demand

Most prior research into audit fees has been based on a theoretical model which treats audit fees as the by-product of a production function ignoring potential demand forces that may drive the level of the audit fee. Inspired by prior 'anomalous' results, we take a different perspective by focusing on demand factors that may affect the level of the audit fee. Using data collected from a sample of listed companies in Belgium, we consider both disclosures about risk and risk management and actual decisions about corporate governance to examine whether audit fees are higher when these demand forces exist. In general, we expect that external auditing will increase in situations where there are multiple stakeholders with individual risk profiles who can shift some of the cost of monitoring to other stakeholders. Consistent with our theory and expectations, our results indicate that audit fees are higher when a company has an audit committee, discloses a relatively high level of financial risk management, and has a larger proportion of independent Board Members. Audit fees are lower when a company discloses a relatively high level of compliance risk management. The latter result indicates that controls are only complementary as long as they are voluntary, as mandated controls act as substitutes for non-mandated controls. Copyright 2006 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.