Experiments in free shear flows: Status and needs for the future

Experiments in free turbulent flows are recommended with the primary concern placed on classical flows in order to augment understanding and for model building. Five classes of experiments dealing with classical free turbulent flows are outlined and proposed as being of particular significance for the near future. These classes include the following: (1) Experiments clarifying the effect of density variation owing to use of different gases, with and without the additional effect of density variation due to high Mach number or other effects; (2) experiments clarifying the role and importance of various parameters which determine the behavior of the near field as well as the condictions under which any of these parameters can be neglected; (3) experiments determining the cumulative effect of initial conditions in terms of distance to fully established flow; (4) experiments for cases where two layers of distinctly different initial turbulence structure flow side by side at the same mean speed; and (5) experiment using contemporary experimental techniques to study structure in free turbulent shear flows in order to compliment and support contemporary work on boundary layers

Warfare Analysis of Logistics Agility in a Contested Environment

NPS NRP Project PosterThis research will examine Naval logistics support requirements during peacetime and conflict in the South China Sea through wargaming and analysis studies. NPS student team designed wargames from the Wargaming Applications course and mini-studies from the Joint Campaign Analysis (JCA) course will be utilized to inform and underpin this program of research.N4 - Fleet Readiness & LogisticsThis research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Warfare Analysis of Logistics Agility in a Contested Environment

NPS NRP Technical ReportThis research will examine Naval logistics support requirements during peacetime and conflict in the South China Sea through wargaming and analysis studies. NPS student team designed wargames from the Wargaming Applications course and mini-studies from the Joint Campaign Analysis (JCA) course will be utilized to inform and underpin this program of research.N4 - Fleet Readiness & LogisticsThis research is supported by funding from the Naval Postgraduate School, Naval Research Program (PE 0605853N/2098). https://nps.edu/nrpChief of Naval Operations (CNO)Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Prediction Equations for Estimating Lean Quantity in 15- to 50-kg Pigs

Equations for predicting the quantity of lean in the young pig were developed from measurements on 48 pigs (16.8 to 48.5 kg body weight) representing four crossbred mating types; maternal breed(s) × maternal breed(s), paternal breed(s) × maternal breed(s), paternal breed(s) × paternal breed(s) and porcine stress-susceptible × mixed breed. Within litter and sex, each of three pigs was assigned randomly to a light, intermediate or heavy slaughter weight group such that each mating type was represented by six barrows and six gilts from four different litters. Thirteen measurements were obtained for each pig; body weight, body length, body circumference, front leg circumference, front leg length, shoulder depth, shoulder width, ham width, head width, shoulder fat, last rib fat, last lumbar fat and loin muscle depth. Fat measurements and loin depth were taken ultrasonically. Pigs were slaughtered, chilled and manually separated into lean and fat, bone, skin and feet and tail components. Fat composition was determined by the Goldfisch method and also an x-ray absorption procedure. Pigs averaged 32.0 kg body weight and 12.5 kg of lean. Prediction equations were developed by maximum R2 and stepwise regression procedures. The model that includes the 13 measured variables and average backfat produced a .97 R2 when predicting kilograms of lean (LWTA). Body weight was the only significant variable. The one-variable model of body weight (P\u3c.01) produced a .95 R2 Kilograms of lean was estimated for an additional 24 pigs using the one-variable model of body weight and the two-variable model of body weight and shoulder width. The variable LWTA was found to be highly correlated with both estimates of LWTA (r = .97). Results suggest that LWTA can be predicted using a simple model that could be adapted to applied situations

Compressible flow structures interaction with a two-dimensional ejector: a cold-flow study

An experimental study has been conducted to examine the interaction of compressible flow structures such as shocks and vortices with a two-dimensional ejector geometry using a shock-tube facility. Three diaphragm pressure ratios ofP4 =P1 = 4, 8, and 12 have been employed, whereP4 is the driver gas pressure andP1 is the pressure within the driven compartment of the shock tube. These lead to incident shock Mach numbers of Ms = 1:34, 1.54, and 1.66, respectively. The length of the driver section of the shock tube was 700 mm. Air was used for both the driver and driven gases. High-speed shadowgraphy was employed to visualize the induced flowfield. Pressure measurements were taken at different locations along the test section to study theflow quantitatively. The induced flow is unsteady and dependent on the degree of compressibility of the initial shock wave generated by the rupture of the diaphragm

Web-browser encryption of personal health information

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Electronic health records provide access to an unprecedented amount of clinical data for research that can accelerate the development of effective medical practices. However it is important to protect patient confidentiality, as many medical conditions are stigmatized and disclosure could result in personal and/or financial loss.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We describe a system for remote data entry that allows the data that would identify the patient to be encrypted in the web browser of the person entering the data. These data cannot be decrypted on the server by the staff at the data center but can be decrypted by the person entering the data or their delegate. We developed this system to solve a problem that arose in the context of clinical research, but it is applicable in a range of situations where sensitive information is stored and updated in a database and it is necessary to ensure that it cannot be viewed by any except those intentionally given access.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>By developing this system, we are able to centralize the collection of some patient data while minimizing the risk that protected health information be made available to study personnel who are not authorized to use it.</p

Shoot growth of woody trees and shrubs is predicted by maximum plant height and associated traits

1. The rate of elongation and thickening of individual branches (shoots) varies across plant species. This variation is important for the outcome of competition and other plant-plant interactions. Here we compared rates of shoot growth across 44 species from tropical, warm temperate, and cool temperate forests of eastern Australia.2. Shoot growth rate was found to correlate with a suite of traits including the potential height of the species, xylem-specific conductivity, leaf size, leaf area per xylem cross-section, twig diameter (at 40 cm length), wood density and modulus of elasticity.3. Within this suite of traits, maximum plant height was the clearest correlate of growth rates, explaining 50 to 67% of the variation in growth overall (p p 4. Growth rates were not strongly correlated with leaf nitrogen or leaf mass per unit leaf area.5. Correlations between growth and maximum height arose both across latitude (47%, p p p p < 0.0001), reflecting intrinsic differences across species and sites