Non-Formal Aspects in Academic Translator Education. Selected Ideas for Research and Practical Application

A number of researchers in the field of education theory promote the view that education is based primarily on the student(s) – teacher interaction, rather than being dependent on the teacher’s realization of educational procedures that expand the student’s knowledge.  Some researchers in translator education share the view. This paper gives insight into a selection of these holistic and humanistic theories of education and translator education. The underlying idea is that the translator education curriculum should no longer be contained within the translation classroom. Instead, the idea of opening it to new educational perspectives, such as non-formal extracurricular initiatives, is proposed. However, it is not enough to just include the non-formal educational components in the formal programme. The pivotal idea expressed here is to allow for washback from non-formal learning to enhance the formal curriculum.&nbsp

Entrepreneurial Potential of Students Graduating from Translation Studies

Entrepreneurship is becoming a central issue in social, economic and educational policies globally. It is classified among the key assets that a contemporary university graduate needs to successfully enter the labour market – as an employee or a freelancer. Academic students who specialize in translation care about how their education translates onto their career. In this article, the authors present results of the research on how a selection of 436 Polish students of full-time translation courses perceive their future professional functioning in a hard and a soft-skill perspectives. The diagnostic procedure developed in the article can be of use to translation curricula designers and teachers in getting to know what their students think about being entrepreneurial translators. The data presented also show where educational interventions can be in place. A list of suggested didactic activities to exemplify such interventions is also provided

Compact scheme for systems of equations applied to fundamental problems of mechanics of continua

Compact scheme formulation was used in the treatment of boundary conditions for a system of coupled diffusion and Poisson equations. Models and practical solutions of specific engineering problems arising in solid mechanics, chemical engineering, heat transfer and fuid mechanics are described and analyzed for efficiency and accuracy. Only 2-D cases are discussed and a new method of numerical treatment of boundary conditions common in the fundamental problems of mechanics of continua is presented

Knowledge Spiral and Know-How in Service Firms

With the proliferation of Knowledge Management it is easy to obtain somewhat wrong impression that we have finally reached the stage in the management science development where the application of a unitary approach can bridge the gap between the strategic management of the 1970-s and the failed efforts of Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Gronroos [7]. To this end, a series of research papers were dedicated to showing how knowledge in a company is created, c.f. Hueseman [8]. However, Nonaka and Takeuchi [10] work attracted Authors’ special attention, as it contains analyses of a set of case studies, complete with a model of knowledge spiral, which is of focal interest, here. We shall aim at extending this approach to include nonlinear dynamic aspects of creating a marketable knowledge and propose how to use layers of accumulated know-how during the tendering process and beyond. Albeit, the outlined results are presented in very general, descriptive terms, it should be rather straightforward to adopt them to needs of any knowledge-based company equipped with an intranet intelligent network by way of encoding specific context of its business

ANALYSIS OF A SEMI-SUPERVISED LEARNING APPROACH TO INTRUSION DETECTION

This thesis addresses the use of a semi-supervised learning (SSL) method in an intrusion detection setting. Specifically, this thesis illustrates the potential benefits and difficulties of using a cluster-then-label (CTL) SSL approach to classify stealth scanning in network flow metadata. A series of controlled tests were performed to show that, in certain situations, a CTL SSL approach could perform comparable to a supervised learner with a fraction of the development effort. This study also balances these findings with pragmatic issues like labeling, noise and feature encoding. While CTL demonstrated accuracy, research is still needed before practical implementations are a reality. The contributions of this work are 1) one of the first studies in the application of SSL in intrusion detection, illustrating the challenges of applying a CTL approach to domain with imbalanced class distributions; 2) the creation of a new intrusion detection dataset; 3) validation of previously established technique

Preiotacisation in Romanian

This paper analyses the phenomenon of preiotacisation in Romanian, which consists in the prothesis of a semi-consonant [j] before the initial [e]. In fact, this is only an orthographic convention, because in most cases (eu, ele, ești, e, este, eram) the initial [je] segment is a proper diphthong of different origins that is written e, instead of ie, like in other words. Preiotacisation appears only in the pronouns el, ei and in the Old Romanian pronunciation of some borrowed words. The [j]-prothesis cannot be separated from other types of prothesis attested in the spoken language. This tendency is parallel to the similar phenomenon from Slavic languages and possibly was developed under their influence.41241574Studia Romanica Posnaniensi

Religious vocabulary in Aromanian compared to Romanian

The first layer of Aromanian Christian terminology is common for all the Balkan Romance languages. It contains a number of inherited Latin terms and some early assimilated Greek loanwords, due to the Oriental origin of Christianity. As for the later layer, the compound of terms related to ecclesiastical organisation and liturgy or to more sophisticated doctrinal concepts, the Balkan Romance languages substantially differ. In Romanian, it was formed on the basis of Slavonic (or Greek via Slavonic), which was used in the Romanian Orthodox Church by the 17th century. The liturgical language of the Aromanians was Greek (maybe except for Moscopole) and therefore, Aromanian mainly based its religious terminology on Greek, but also on Turkish and Albanian, which can be seen in the Aromanian Missal from the second half of the 18th century. In the next centuries, Aromanian religious vocabulary was strongly influenced by Romanian. The contemporary versions of religious texts, including the Bible (e.g. Caciuperi’s translations), introduce a series of Romanian terms instead of the old ones.The first layer of Aromanian Christian terminology is common for all the Balkan Romance languages. It contains a number of inherited Latin terms and some early assimilated Greek loanwords, due to the Oriental origin of Christianity. As for the later layer, the compound of terms related to ecclesiastical organisation and liturgy or to more sophisticated doctrinal concepts, the Balkan Romance languages substantially differ. In Romanian, it was formed on the basis of Slavonic (or Greek via Slavonic), which was used in the Romanian Orthodox Church by the 17th century. The liturgical language of the Aromanians was Greek (maybe except for Moscopole) and therefore, Aromanian mainly based its religious terminology on Greek, but also on Turkish and Albanian, which can be seen in the Aromanian Missal from the second half of the 18th century. In the next centuries, Aromanian religious vocabulary was strongly influenced by Romanian. The contemporary versions of religious texts, including the Bible (e.g. Caciuperi’s translations), introduce a series of Romanian terms instead of the old ones

Contemporary Vlach languages

Artykuł omawia trzy kwestie dotyczące obecnej sytuacji języków wołoskich używanych przez Wołochów bałkańskich. Pierwsza z nich to językowy status istrorumuńskiego, meglenorumuńskiego i arumuńskiego (dialekt / język), a tym samym ich stosunek do języka rumuńskiego. W oparciu o teorię Klossa (1967) (języki typu Abstand i Ausbau) uważamy je za osobne języki wołoskie (bałkanoromańskie). W związku z tym kolejną kwestią, jaką poruszamy, jest terminologia związana z tymi językami oraz ich wewnętrzna klasyfikacja. W wyniku analizy używanych obecnie terminów zalecamy formy właski i żejański, właski (megleński) i armuński (jako rodzime określenia odnośnych języków) zamiast tradycyjnych nazw istrorumuński, meglenorumuński i arumuński, jak również nowy termin remeński dla odmiany wołoskiego uważanej na ogół za część armuńskiego. Jeśli chodzi o trzecią kwestię, tj. systemy zapisu współczesnych języków wołoskich, przedstawiamy zarówno tradycyjne, jak i bardziej postępowe systemy, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do armuńskiego i remeńskiego.The article discusses three issues regarding the present situation of the Vlach languages spoken by Balkan Vlachs. The first one is the linguistic status of Istro-Romanian, Megleno-Romanian and Aromanian (dialect or language) and, respectively, their relation to the Romanian language. On the basis of Kloss’ theory (1967) of Abstand and Ausbau languages, we consider them to be separate Vlach (Balkan Romance) languages. Consequently, the second issue we deal with is the terminology related to these languages and their internal classification. Examining the terms that are currently used, we recommend the forms Vlashki/Zheyanski, (Meglen) Vlach and Armanian (as the native names of the languages) instead of the traditional names Istro-Romanian, Megleno-Romanian and Aromanian, and also a new term Ramanian for a Vlach variety usually considered to be part of Armanian. As for the third issue, i.e. the spelling systems of the contemporary Vlach languages, we present both traditional and more progressive systems, especially with regard to Armanian and Ramanian