394 research outputs found
36 広鼻猿類のマイクロウェア分析にもとづくオマキザル化石の食性復元
SIGLEAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel C 187855 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman
Particle acceleration and transport in the tail and at the front side of the magnetosphere, task 1 and 2
The work under this grant involved studies of: (1) the acceleration and heating of ions in the course of magnetospheric substorms and the spatial distributions of the ion populations in the magnetotail; and (2) the comparison in in-situ acceleration at the bow shock and the leakage of energetic particles from the magnetosphere as source of energetic ions upstream of the Earth's bow shock
Towards the implementation of a continuous bioprocess in single use technology
Bayer has developed a new production technology for monoclonal antibodies based on single use equipment and continuous processing. The development is referred to as the MoBiDiK project (Modular, Biologics, Disposable and Continuous) and was presented at the ICB 1 and ICB 2 conferences. At the ICB 3 conference we will focus on the topics that are critical to the implementation of the technology in a GMP production environment. These are: Process robustness, GMP readiness of the equipment, automation as well as process control and product release strategies
Shrinking droplets in electrospray ionization and their influence on chemical equilibria
We investigated how chemical equilibria are affected by the electrospray process, using simultaneous in situ measurements by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and phase Doppler anemometry (PDA). The motivation for this study was the increasing number of publications in which electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is used for binding constant determination. The PDA was used to monitor droplet size and velocity, whereas LIF was used to monitor fluorescent analytes within the electrospray droplets. Using acetonitrile as solvent, we found an average initial droplet diameter of 10 µm in the electrospray. The PDA allowed us to follow the evolution of these droplets down to a size of 1 µm. Rhodamine B-sulfonylchloride was used as a fluorescent analyte within the electrospray. By spatially resolved LIF it was possible to probe the dimerization equilibrium of this dye. Measurements at different spray positions showed no influence of the decreasing droplet size on the monomer-dimer equilibrium. However, with the fluorescent dye pair DCM and oxazine 1 it was shown that a concentration increase does occur within electrosprayed droplets, using fluorescence resonance energy transfer as a probe for the average pair distanc
Droplet spreading and pinning on heterogeneous substrates
The contact angle of a fluid droplet on an heterogeneous surface is analysed
using the statistical dynamics of the spreading contact line. The statistical
properties of the final droplet radius and contact angle are obtained through
applications of depinning transitions of contact lines with non-local
elasticity and features of pinning-depinning dynamics. Such properties not only
depend on disorder strength and surface details, but also on the droplet volume
and disorder correlation length. Deviations from Wenzel or Cassie/Baxter
behaviour are particularly apparent in the case of small droplet volumes and
small contact angles.Comment: accepted to Phys. Rev. E, 5 figure
FP047URINARY PROTEOMIC BIOMARKERS, A POWERFUL TOOL FOR PROGNOSIS OF AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION
Ancient Plant Genomics in Archaeology, Herbaria, and the Environment : Annual Review of Plant Biology
The ancient DNA revolution of the past 35 years has driven an explosion in the breadth, nuance, and diversity of questions that are approachable using ancient biomolecules, and plant research has been a constant, indispensable facet of these developments. Using archaeological, paleontological, and herbarium plant tissues, researchers have probed plant domestication and dispersal, plant evolution and ecology, paleoenvironmental composition and dynamics, and other topics across related disciplines. Here, we review the development of the ancient DNA discipline and the role of plant research in its progress and refinement. We summarize our understanding of long-term plant DNA preservation and the characteristics of degraded DNA. In addition, we discuss challenges in ancient DNA recovery and analysis and the laboratory and bioinformatic strategies used to mitigate them. Finally, we review recent applications of ancient plant genomic research
Effect of Sex and Menstrual Cycle on Skin Sensory Nerve Contribution to Local Heating
International Journal of Exercise Science 12(2): 1265-1279, 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine sex differences in the contribution of sensory nerves to rapid cutaneous thermal hyperemia. Healthy young females (n = 15, tested during both the early follicular (EF) and the mid-luteal (ML) phase of the menstrual cycle) and males (n = 15) had a 4 cm2 area of skin on one forearm and one leg treated with a eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA). EMLA sites, along with corresponding control sites, were instrumented with laser Doppler flowmetry probes and local skin heaters. Baseline (33 °C), rapid and sustained vasodilation (42 °C), and maximal vasodilation (44 °C) skin blood flow data were obtained and expressed as a percentage of maximal cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVCmax). Contribution of sensory nerve involvement was determined by comparing the EMLA site to its matched control site utilizing the formula [(% CVCmax control - % CVCmax treatment) / % CVCmax control] × 100. The contribution of sensory nerves to rapid cutaneous thermal hyperemia in the forearm was 24 ± 18 %CVCmax in males, 41 ± 17 %CVCmax in ML females (p = 0.02 vs. males), and 35 ± 17 %CVCmax in EF females (p \u3e 0.05 vs. males). In the leg, the contribution of sensory nerves was 16 ± 15 %CVCmax in males, 34 ± 17 %CVCmax for ML females (p = 0.02 vs. males), and 28 ± 21 %CVCmax in EF females (p \u3e 0.05 vs. males). ML females exhibited a greater contribution of sensory nerves to rapid cutaneous thermal hyperemia in the forearm and leg, possibly attributed to elevated reproductive hormones during the ML phase
Multicomponent and Variable Velocity Galactic Outflow in Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations
We develop a new ``Multicomponent and Variable Velocity'' (MVV) galactic
outflow model for cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH)
simulations. The MVV wind model reflects the fact that the wind material can
arise from different phases in the interstellar medium (ISM), and the
mass-loading factor in the MVV model is a function of galaxy stellar mass. We
find that the simulation with the MVV outflow has the following
characteristics: (i) the intergalactic medium (IGM) is hardly heated up, and
the mean IGM temperature is almost the same as in the no-wind run; (ii) it has
lower cosmic star formation rates (SFRs) compared to the no-wind run, but
higher SFRs than the constant velocity wind run; (iii) it roughly agrees with
the observed IGM metallicity, and roughly follows the observed evolution of
Omega(Civ); (iv) the lower mass galaxies have larger mass-loading factors, and
the low-mass end of galaxy stellar mass function is flatter than in the
previous simulations. Therefore, the MVV outflow model mildly alleviates the
problem of too steep galaxy stellar mass function seen in the previous SPH
simulations. In summary, the new MVV outflow model shows reasonable agreement
with observations,
and gives better results than the constant velocity wind model.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, and 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS.
A full resolution version is available at
http://www.physics.unlv.edu/~jhchoi/astro-ph/vwind.pd
Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Fragments in Wastewater Detects the Spread of New Variants during Major Events
The sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater is an unbiased method to detect the spread of emerging variants and to track regional infection dynamics, which is especially useful in case of limited testing and clinical sequencing. To test how major international events influence the spread of new variants we have sequenced SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the wastewater samples of Davos, Landquart, Lostallo, and St. Moritz in the Swiss canton of Grisons in the time around the international sports competitions in Davos and St. Moritz in December 2021, and additionally in May 2022 and January 2023 in Davos and St. Moritz during the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos. The prevalence of the variants identified from the wastewater sequencing data showed that the Omicron variant BA.1 had spread in Davos and St. Moritz during the international sporting events hosted there in December 2021. This spread was associated with an increase in case numbers, while it was not observed in Landquart and Lostallo. Another instance of new variant spread occurred during the WEF in January 2023, when the Omicron variant BA.2.75 arrived in Davos but not in St. Moritz. We can therefore conclude that major international events promote the spread of new variants in the respective host region, which has important implications for the protective measures that should be taken
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