Análise cinemática comparativa da fase de apoio da corrida em adultos e idosos

In elderly people, concern with quality of life has led to increased interest on physical activities, among which running or jogging in the streets is the favourite. In runners, excessive ankle movements have been linked to musculoskeletal injuries. Literature has suggested elderly runners are more susceptible to running-related injuries than adults, but it is still unknown whether aging-related tissue degeneration might be associated to this. This study aimed at comparing the stance phase kinematics of running in adults and elderly runners. Seventeen adults (31±5 years old) and 17 elderly runners (69±2 years old) ran on a treadmill at 11 km/h while they were filmed by four digital cameras at 120 Hz. Rearfoot and knee joint movements were measured during the stance phase of running. The elderly runners showed lower knee flexion and lower tibial internal rotation excursion. Elderly runners apparently presented greater asynchrony between rearfoot and knee joint movement than adults. These findings suggest that during running stance elderly runners adopt different movement patterns when compared to adults. Prescription of physical activities for the elderly and prevention strategies in elderly runners should consider these findings.A preocupação com a qualidade de vida tem levado ao aumento do interesse por atividades físicas pelos idosos. A corrida de rua é uma das atividades que obteve maior número de adeptos dessa faixa etária. Os movimentos excessivos da região do tornozelo têm sido associados às lesões musculoesqueléticas em corredores. Os achados da literatura sugerem que idosos são mais susceptíveis às lesões relacionadas à corrida do que adultos. Contudo, ainda é desconhecido se as alterações teciduais trazidas pelo envelhecimento realmente contribuem para esses resultados. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a cinemática da fase de apoio da corrida em adultos e idosos. Foram analisados 17 adultos (31±5 anos) e 17 idosos (69±2 anos) recrutados voluntariamente. Os sujeitos correram em uma esteira ergométrica a 11 km/h, enquanto eram filmados por quatro câmeras de vídeo com freqüência de 120 Hz. Os ângulos do retropé e do joelho durante a fase de apoio da corrida foram mensurados. Os idosos apresentaram menor excursão de movimentos de flexão do joelho e de rotação medial da tíbia. Aparentemente os idosos apresentaram maior assincronia entre os movimentos do retropé e do joelho em relação aos adultos. Esses resultados sugerem que os idosos adotam padrões de movimentos diferentes dos adultos durante a fase de apoio da corrida. A prescrição de exercícios e as estratégias de prevenção de lesões em idosos corredores devem considerar essas diferenças

Comparação entre índices do arco plantar

The longitudinal plantar arch (LPA) perform biomechanics functions in the foot. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between different index to measure the LPA of the foot. The arc index, Staheli index, Viladot classification and Feiss line were compared. In the transversal study, the experimental samples were soccer players females with age between 13 to 19 years. The measure were performed by plantigraphy, with out Feiss line. Although non significant the higher agreement was reached between the arch index and Staheli index. This comparison presented a Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0,32 and 0,30 for right and left foot respectively. The comparison between arch index either with Feiss line or Staheli index presented low agreement. In conclusion this study showed low agreement between methods to measure the LPA.O arco longitudinal medial (ALM) desempenha funções na biomecânica do pé. O estudo teve como objetivo comparar os resultados da avaliação do ALM do complexo articular do tornozelo entre índice do arco plantar (IAP) e índice de Staheli, classificação de Viladot e linha de Feiss. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde a amostra experimental foi constituída de sujeitos do sexo feminino com idade entre 13 a 19 anos, praticantes de futebol. As mensurações foram realizadas por meio da plantigrafia, excetuando-se a linha de Feiss. Os testes que mais compatibilizaram foram o IAP e a classificação de Viladot, porém sem significância estatística, considerando o coeficiente de Kappa de 0,32 e 0,30 para os pés direito e esquerdo. Na comparação do IAP, linha de Feiss e índice de Staheli, o coeficiente de Kappa foi de baixa concordância, pois, não pode ser calculado pela ausência de pé plano nos dois últimos testes. Conclui-se que ocorreu incompatibilidade entre os métodos de avaliação

Performance of a lateral pelvic cluster technical system in evaluating running kinematics.

Valid measurement of pelvic and hip angles during posterior load carriage gait task requires placement of pelvic markers which will not be occluded or physically displaced by the load. One solution is the use of pure lateral pelvic clusters to track the pelvis segment. However, the validity of this method has not been compared against pelvic marker systems recommended by the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) during high impact tasks, such as running. The purpose of this study was to validate the lateral tracking pelvic clusters against the ISB pelvis during running. Six participants performed overground running at a self-selected running speed with shoes. Three dimensional motion capture and synchronised in-ground force plates were used to determine lower limb joint angles and gait events respectively. Two biomechanical models were used to derive pelvic segment and hip joint angles. The ISB pelvis used the anterior and posterior iliac spines as anatomical and tracking markers, whilst the other model used lateral pelvic clusters as tracking markers. The between participant averaged coefficient of multiple correlation suggested good to excellent agreement between the angle waveforms generated from the two marker protocols. In addition, both marker protocols had similar sensitivity in detecting three dimensional pelvic and hip joint angles during the stance phase. This study suggests that in the event posterior load carriage is involved in running gait, pelvic and hip kinematics can be measured by the use of lateral pelvic clusters

Kinematics analysis during the stance phase of running in adults and elderly

O crescente aumento da expectativa de vida tem culminado na constante preocupação com qualidade de vida na população idosa. A corrida de rua é um dos esportes que mais adquiriu adeptos dessa faixa etária. Alguns estudos têm reportado um aumento no número de lesões associado a este aumento do número de praticantes. As alterações teciduais decorrentes do envelhecimento biológico podem alterar a mecânica da corrida nos idosos e deixá-los mais susceptíveis a lesões. Contudo, ainda é desconhecido se tais efeitos realmente provocam esses resultados. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a cinemática da corrida em adultos e idosos. Foram analisados 17 adultos (31±6 anos) e 17 idosos (69±2 anos) recrutados voluntariamente para o estudo. Os sujeitos correram em uma esteira ergométrica nas velocidades de 8 e 11 km/h (idosos) e 11 e 14 km/h (idosos). Os sujeitos foram filmados por quatro câmeras de vídeo com freqüência de 120 Hz durante a corrida em esteira. Foram realizadas a digitalização e reconstrução das coordenadas dos pontos digitalizados no espaço real a partir das imagens das quatro câmeras e da calibração pelo método DLT. Os idosos apresentaram menor excursão de movimentos de flexão do joelho e de rotação medial da tíbia. Aparentemente os idosos apresentaram maior assincronia entre os movimentos do retropé e do joelho em relação aos adultos. Esses resultados sugerem que os idosos adotam padrões de movimentos diferentes dos adultos durante a fase de apoio da corrida. A prescrição de exercícios e as estratégias de prevenção de lesões em idosos corredores devem considerar essas diferençasThe growing increase of the life expectancy has been culminating in the constant preoccupation in quality of life in the elderly people. Running is one of the sports that has gained more participants in this age group. Some studies have shown an increase of the number of injuries associated with the increasing number of runners. The tissues changes resulting from the aging can alter the mechanics of the elderly running and leave them more susceptible to injuries. Nevertheless it is still unknown if such effects really cause changes in the mechanics of running in the elderly population. The objective of the present study is to compare the kinematics of the adults and elderly runner. Seventeen adults and 17 elderly runners participated in this study. The subjects ran in a treadmill at two different speeds: 8 and 11 km/h for elderly and 11-14 for adults. The subjects were filmed by four camcorders at 120 Hz. The digitizing and reconstruction of the coordinates of the digitized points were made at APAS System and calibrated with the DLT method. The elderly runners have showed a lower knee flexion excursion and lower tibial internal rotation excursion. It seems that elderly runners presented more asynchrony between rearfoot and knee joint movement than young adults. These results suggest that elderly runners adopted different movement patterns when compared with adults during the stance phase of running. The prescriptions of physical activities and strategies for injury prevention in elderly runners must consider the findings of the present stud

Evaluation of alternative technical markers for the pelvic coordinate system

In this study, we evaluated alternative technical markers for the motion analysis of the pelvic segment. Thirteen subjects walked eight times while tri-dimensional kinematics were recorded for one stride of each trial. Five marker sets were evaluated, and we compared the tilt, obliquity, and rotation angles of the pelvis segment: (1) standard: markers at the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines (ASIS and PSIS); (2) markers at the PSIS and at the hip joint centers, HJCs (estimated by a functional method and described with clusters of markers at the thighs); (3) markers at the PSIS and HJCs (estimated by a predictive method and described with clusters of markers at the thighs); (4) markers at the PSIS and HJCs (estimated by a predictive method and described with skin-mounted markers at the thighs based on the Helen-Hayes marker set); (5) markers at the PSIS and at the iliac spines. Concerning the pelvic angles, evaluation of the alternative technical marker sets evinced that all marker sets demonstrated similar precision across trials (about 1 degrees) but different accuracies (ranging from 1 degrees to 3 degrees) in comparison to the standard marker set. We suggest that all the investigated marker sets are reliable alternatives to the standard pelvic marker set. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved