1,105 research outputs found
Quantum critical behavior of the superfluid-Mott glass transition
We investigate the zero-temperature superfluid to insulator transitions in a
diluted two-dimensional quantum rotor model with particle-hole symmetry. We map
the Hamiltonian onto a classical -dimensional XY model with columnar
disorder which we analyze by means of large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. For
dilutions below the lattice percolation threshold, the system undergoes a
generic superfluid-Mott glass transition. In contrast to other quantum phase
transitions in disordered systems, its critical behavior is of conventional
power-law type with universal (dilution-independent) critical exponents
, , , , and
. These values agree with and improve upon earlier Monte-Carlo
results [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 015703 (2004)] while (partially) excluding other
findings in the literature. As a further test of universality, we also consider
a soft-spin version of the classical Hamiltonian. In addition, we study the
percolation quantum phase transition across the lattice percolation threshold;
its critical behavior is governed by the lattice percolation exponents in
agreement with recent theoretical predictions. We relate our results to a
general classification of phase transitions in disordered systems, and we
briefly discuss experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, final version as publishe
Antiskyrmions stabilized at interfaces by anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Chiral magnets are an emerging class of topological matter harbouring
localized and topologically protected vortex-like magnetic textures called
skyrmions, which are currently under intense scrutiny as a new entity for
information storage and processing. Here, on the level of micromagnetics we
rigorously show that chiral magnets cannot only host skyrmions but also
antiskyrmions as least-energy configurations over all non-trivial homotopy
classes. We derive practical criteria for their occurrence and coexistence with
skyrmions that can be fulfilled by (110)-oriented interfaces in dependence on
the electronic structure. Relating the electronic structure to an atomistic
spin-lattice model by means of density-functional calculations and minimizing
the energy on a mesoscopic scale applying spin-relaxation methods, we propose a
double layer of Fe grown on a W(110) substrate as a practical example. We
conjecture that ultrathin magnetic films grown on semiconductor or heavy metal
substrates with symmetry are prototype classes of materials hosting
magnetic antiskyrmions.Comment: 20 pages (11 pages + 9 pages supplementary material
Event-Driven Deep Neural Network Hardware System for Sensor Fusion
This paper presents a real-time multi-modal spiking Deep Neural Network (DNN) implemented on an FPGA platform. The hardware DNN system, called n-Minitaur, demonstrates a 4-fold improvement in computational speed over the previous DNN FPGA system. The proposed system directly interfaces two different event-based sensors: a Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) and a Dynamic Audio Sensor (DAS). The DNN for this bimodal hardware system is trained on the MNIST digit dataset and a set of unique audio tones for each digit. When tested on the spikes produced by each sensor alone, the classification accuracy is around 70% for DVS spikes generated in response to displayed MNIST images, and 60% for DAS spikes generated in response to noisy tones. The accuracy increases to 98% when spikes from both modalities are provided simultaneously. In addition, the system shows a fast latency response of only 5ms
Quantum Critical Behavior of the Superfluid-Mott Glass Transition
We investigate the zero-temperature superfluid to insulator transitions in a diluted two-dimensional quantum rotor model with particle-hole symmetry. We map the Hamiltonian onto a classical (2+1)-dimensional XY model with columnar disorder which we analyze by means of large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. For dilutions below the lattice percolation threshold, the system undergoes a generic superfluid-Mott glass transition. In contrast to other quantum phase transitions in disordered systems, its critical behavior is of conventional power-law type with universal (dilution-independent) critical exponents z=1.52(3), ν =1.16(5), ß/ν =0.48(2), γ/ν=2.52(4), and η = -0.52(4). These values agree with and improve upon earlier Monte Carlo results [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 015703 (2004)] while (partially) excluding other findings in the literature. As a further test of universality, we also consider a soft-spin version of the classical Hamiltonian. In addition, we study the percolation quantum phase transition across the lattice percolation threshold; its critical behavior is governed by the lattice percolation exponents in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. We relate our results to a general classification of phase transitions in disordered systems, and we briefly discuss experiments
Miniature shock tube for laser driven shocks
International audienceWe describe in this paper the design of a miniature shock tube (smaller than 1 cm3) that can be placed in a vacuum vessel and allows transverse optical probing and longitudinal backside XUV emission spectroscopy. Typical application is the study of laser launched radiative shocks, in the framework of what is called "laboratory Astrophysics"
Experimental study of radiative shocks at PALS facility
We report on the investigation of strong radiative shocks generated with the
high energy, sub-nanosecond iodine laser at PALS. These shock waves are
characterized by a developed radiative precursor and their dynamics is analyzed
over long time scales (~50 ns), approaching a quasi-stationary limit. We
present the first preliminary results on the rear side XUV spectroscopy. These
studies are relevant to the understanding of the spectroscopic signatures of
accretion shocks in Classical T Tauri Stars.Comment: 21 pages, 1 table, 7 figure
Spirit: Multifunctional Framework for Atomistic Spin Simulations
The \textit{Spirit} framework is designed for atomic scale spin simulations
of magnetic systems of arbitrary geometry and magnetic structure, providing a
graphical user interface with powerful visualizations and an easy to use
scripting interface. An extended Heisenberg type spin-lattice Hamiltonian
including competing exchange interactions between neighbors at arbitrary
distance, higher-order exchange, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and dipole-dipole
interactions is used to describe the energetics of a system of classical spins
localised at atom positions. A variety of common simulations methods are
implemented including Monte Carlo and various time evolution algorithms based
on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of motion, which can be used to
determine static ground state and metastable spin configurations, sample
equilibrium and finite temperature thermodynamical properties of magnetic
materials and nanostructures or calculate dynamical trajectories including spin
torques induced by stochastic temperature or electric current. Methods for
finding the mechanism and rate of thermally assisted transitions include the
geodesic nudged elastic band method, which can be applied when both initial and
final states are specified, and the minimum mode following method when only the
initial state is given. The lifetime of magnetic states and rate of transitions
can be evaluated within the harmonic approximation of transition-state theory.
The framework offers performant CPU and GPU parallelizations. All methods are
verified and applications to several systems, such as vortices, domain walls,
skyrmions and bobbers are described
CMB Anomalies from Imperfect Dark Energy: Confrontation with the Data
We test anisotropic dark energy models with the 7-year WMAP temperature
observations data. In the presence of imperfect sources, due to large-scale
gradients or anisotropies in the dark energy field, the CMB sky will be
distorted anisotropically on its way to us by the ISW effect. The signal
covariance matrix then becomes nondiagonal for small multipoles, but at the anisotropy is negligible. We parametrize possible violations of
rotational invariance in the late universe by the magnitude of a
post-Friedmannian deviation from isotropy and its scale dependence. This allows
to obtain hints on possible imperfect nature of dark energy and the large-angle
anomalous features in the CMB. A robust statistical analysis, subjected to
various tests and consistency checks, is performed to compare the predicted
correlations with those obtained from the satellite-measured CMB full sky maps.
The preferred axis point towards and the
amplitude of the anisotropy is (1 deviation
quoted). The best-fit model has a steep blue anisotropic spectrum
().Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Anisotropic transport in the two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of spin-orbit coupling
In a two-dimensional electron gas as realized by a semiconductor quantum
well, the presence of spin-orbit coupling of both the Rashba and Dresselhaus
type leads to anisotropic dispersion relations and Fermi contours. We study the
effect of this anisotropy on the electrical conductivity in the presence of
fixed impurity scatterers. The conductivity also shows in general an anisotropy
which can be tuned by varying the Rashba coefficient. This effect provides a
method of detecting and investigating spin-orbit coupling by measuring
spin-unpolarized electrical currents in the diffusive regime. Our approach is
based on an exact solution of the two-dimensional Boltzmann equation and
provides also a natural framework for investigating other transport effects
including the anomalous Hall effect.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure included. Discussion of experimental impact
enlarged; error in calculation of conductivity contribution corrected (cf.
Eq. (A14)), no changes in qualitative results and physical consequence
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