The Advent Of Cytomegalovirus Infection In HIV Infected Patients: A review

Cytomegalovirus is considered as one among the long list of latent infections in humans that although normally controlled by the cellular immune response, gets activated after HIV infection takes its role on infecting the T4 lymphocytes. Clinical disease due to Cytomegalovirus has been recognized in up to 40% of patients with advanced HIV disease. The clinical syndromes most commonly associated include chorioretinitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonitis, adrenalitis and neurological disorders. Cytomegalovirus infections are usually diagnosed clinically and by serological tests for CMV immunoglobulin. Chemotherapy using systemic agents, including ganciclovir, intravenous foscarnet and intravenous cidofovir is effective. New agents, as for example an anti-sense agent against cytomegalovirus, appear promising

A novel fault tolerant service selection framework for pervasive computing

Abstract Background Service selection in pervasive computing is significant as it requires identifying the best service provider based on users requirements. After identifying the best service provider, when a service is being executed, service disruptions happen due to various faults. Methods Though attempts are made to provide best services to the user, executing the service without service disruptions becomes an important challenge in the pervasive environment. In this paper, a novel Fault tolerant Service Selection Framework (FTSSF) has been proposed. Results Adequate theoretical analysis was carried out and experimental results were obtained for the proposed framework and have been compared with the existing techniques. Conclusion The results prove that the proposed framework is efficient and fault tolerant. </jats:sec

Lifestyle factors and experience of respiratory alarm symptoms in the general population

BACKGROUND: The first step in the diagnosis of lung cancer is for individuals in the general population to recognise respiratory alarm symptoms (RAS). Knowledge is sparse about RAS and factors associated with experiencing RAS in the general population. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of RAS in the general population, and to analyse possible associations between lifestyle factors and experiencing RAS. METHODS: A web-based survey comprising 100 000 individuals randomly selected from the Danish Civil Registration System. Items regarding experience of RAS (prolonged coughing, shortness of breath, coughing up blood and prolonged hoarseness) and self-reported lifestyle factors (smoking status, alcohol intake and body mass index) were included in the analysis. RESULTS: A total of 49 706 individuals completed the questionnaire. 16 per cent reported at least one RAS. Prolonged coughing (8.4%) and shortness of breath (8%) were most prevalent, while coughing up blood was least prevalent (0.1%). More men than women reported RAS (p<0.001). Odds of reporting RAS increased with age (P(trend)<0.001). In men and women, former and current smoking was associated with reporting at least one RAS (former smoking: OR(men)=1.42, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.56; OR(women)=1.25, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.36; current smoking: OR(men)=2.58, 95% CI 2.35 to 2.83; OR(women)=2.45, 95% CI 2.25 to 2.68). Individuals who were underweight or obese were significantly more likely to report at least one RAS. Odds of reporting at least one RAS increased with increasing alcohol intake for both genders (P(trend)<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: RAS are common in the general population. Men experience more symptoms than women, and prevalence increases with age. Being a former or current smoker and being underweight or obese are positively associated with experiencing RAS. The likelihood of experiencing RAS increases with increasing alcohol intake. Future research should investigate healthcare seeking for RAS among individuals with different lifestyles

Measuring individual overpotentials in an operating solid-oxide electrochemical cell

We use photo-electrons as a non-contact probe to measure local electrical potentials in a solid-oxide electrochemical cell. We characterize the cell in operando at near-ambient pressure using spatially-resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The overpotentials at the interfaces between the Ni and Pt electrodes and the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte are directly measured. The method is validated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Using the overpotentials, which characterize the cell's inefficiencies, we compare without ambiguity the electro-catalytic efficiencies of Ni and Pt, finding that on Ni H_2O splitting proceeds more rapidly than H2 oxidation, while on Pt, H2 oxidation proceeds more rapidly than H2O splitting.Comment: corrected; Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 201

Self-reported symptoms and healthcare seeking in the general population-exploring "The Symptom Iceberg"

BACKGROUND: Research has illustrated that the decision-making process regarding healthcare seeking for symptoms is complex and associated with a variety of factors, including gender differences. Enhanced understanding of the frequency of symptoms and the healthcare seeking behaviour in the general population may increase our knowledge of this complex field. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-reported symptoms and the proportion of individuals reporting GP contact, in a large Danish nationwide cohort. A secondary objective was to explore gender differences in GP contacts in response to experiencing one of the 44 predefined symptoms. METHODS: A Danish nationwide cohort study including a random sample of 100,000 individuals, representative of the adult Danish population aged 20 years or above. A web-based questionnaire survey formed the basis of this study. A total of 44 different symptoms covering a wide area of alarm symptoms and non-specific frequently occurring symptoms were selected based on extensive literature search. Further, items regarding contact to the GP were included. Data on socioeconomic factors were obtained from Statistics Denmark. RESULTS: A total of 49,706 subjects completed the questionnaire. Prevalence estimates of symptoms varied from 49.4 % (24,537) reporting tiredness to 0.11 % (54) reporting blood in vomit. The mean number of reported symptoms was 5.4 (men 4.8; women 6.0). The proportion of contact to the GP with at least one symptom was 37 %. The largest proportion of GP contacts was seen for individuals reporting blood in the urine (73.2 %), whereas only 11.4 % of individuals with increase in waist circumference reported GP contact. For almost 2/3 of the symptoms reported, no gender differences were found concerning the proportion leading to GP contacts. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of symptoms and GP contacts are common in this overview of 44 different self-reported symptoms. For almost 2/3 of the reported symptoms no gender differences were found concerning the proportion leading to GP contacts. An enhanced understanding of healthcare seeking decisions may assist healthcare professionals in identifying patients who are at risk of postponing contact to the GP and may help development of health campaigns targeting these individuals

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN PROJECT MANAGMENT

This thesis investigates the effects of digital transformation on how project management operates in the finance and IT sectors for organizations in Oman, Sri Lanka, Australia and the UK. With cloud computing, artificial intelligence and automation taking over, businesses are encouraged to modify their project management techniques to stay on top of the market. The study investigates how digital tools are picked and used and what affects human and organizational behavior when adopting new technologies. To study the topic, five senior professionals from two sectors (Finance and IT) were interviewed in depth using a qualitative approach. Key themes studied in the research are business-IT alignment, stakeholder management, agile practices, improving workforce skills and leadership strategies. The results show that digitizing project management makes projects more efficient, trans-parent and collaborative yet also brings problems such as old systems, reluctance to adapt and skills shortage. Achieving successful change in any area depends on effective management, continued learning, and employees getting the support of leaders. According to the thesis, the best results in project management after digital transformation come from improving technology, training workers, and keeping organizations adaptable

Anti-Theft Protection of Vehicle by GSM GPS with Fingerprint Verification

This paper focuses on preventing car theft using microcontrollers and GSM modules. We are generating the results with better accuracy and proficiency. It can be helpful to those people who want better and more advanced security in their vehicle

Ghrelin for the management of cachexia associated with cancer

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the efficacy and safety of ghrelin on improving food intake, body composition and survival in patients with cachexia associated with cancer. © 2016 The Cochrane Collaboratio

Genomiske analyser av populasjonstruktur og kjønnbestemmelse hos Atlantisk torsk (Gadus morhua)

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a benthopelagic cold-water marine species found across the North Atlantic Ocean. Thanks to its historical and current significance as an important food resource it is one of the most well-known and well-studied teleost fish species. Genetic studies of Atlantic cod have been conducted since the 1930s, but with the advent of highthroughput DNA sequencing technologies investigations have been reinvigorated with highresolution data allowing us to address previously unanswerable questions. This thesis explores the genome biology of Atlantic cod with the specific goals of; i) understanding the genomics underlying population divergence between cod populations in Norwegian waters, ii) using long-read sequencing technology to build a genome assembly representing the southern cod populations, and iii) characterizing genomic regions associated with sex determination. The knowledge generated in this thesis can enhance the understanding on how genomic architecture influence genome-wide variations contributing to population structures and sex determination. Atlantic cod in the Norwegian Sea are classified into one of two different populations; migratory Northeast Arctic cod (NEAC) and stationary Norwegian coastal cod (NCC). In Paper I, we sought to understand how phenotypic and genetic differences are maintained despite interbreeding between NEAC and NCC. Utilizing genotype data from 192 parents of farmed families of NEAC, NCC or NEACxNCC crosses, we identified extended linkage disequilibrium (LD) in a 17.4Mb region on linkage group 1 (LG01). Furthermore, linkage analysis revealed two adjacent inversions within the region that repress meiotic recombination in NEACxNCC crosses. The haplotype block harbours 763 genes, including candidates regulating swim bladder pressure, heme synthesis and skeletal muscle organization conferring NEAC adaptation to long-distance migration and vertical movements to large depths. Our results document that inversion is the genetic mechanism that maintains the genetic differentiation despite interbreeding and we hypothesize the cooccurrence of possibly multiple adaptive genes forming a ‘supergene’ advantageous to NEAC. The public reference genomes for Atlantic cod have all been derived from NEAC samples and therefore representing the northernmost cod population, adapted to near freezing temperatures. Several studies have demonstrated regions of genomic differentiation on linkage groups (LGs) 1, 2, 7 and 12 associated with adaptation to temperature along the 4 north-south gradient (Bradbury et al. 2010; 2013). In paper II, we generated a highly contiguous genome assembly representing the southern Celtic population of Atlantic cod using long-read nanopore sequencing data. By comparing this to the latest NEAC assembly gadMor3 we were able to characterize in detail the rearrangements creating the ‘islands of genomic divergence’ on LGs 1, 2, 7, and 12. The long contiguous genome assembly also facilitated the identification of a putative centromere-specific repeat. In paper III, by comparing and contrasting whole genome short-read sequencing data from 49 male and 53 female cod, we detected a male specific region of 9,149 bp on LG11. A diagnostic PCR test was developed and confirmed the sex-specific nature of this mal

Embedded Reconfigurable Techniques in Wireless Sensor Network Applications

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