2,274 research outputs found
Mixed matrix membranes derived from a spirobifluorene polymer of intrinsic microporosity and polyphenylene networks for the separation of toluene from dimethyl sulfoxide
In vivo mapping of cholinergic terminals in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease
To map presynaptic cholinergic terminal densities in normal aging (n = 36), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 22), and Parkinson's disease (PD) (n = 15), we performed single-photon emission computed tomography using [ 123 I]iodoben-zovesamicol (IBVM), an in vivo marker of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. We used coregistered positron emission tomography with [ 18 F]fluorodexyglucose for metabolic assessment and coregistered magnetic resonance imaging for atrophy assessment. In controls (age, 22â91 years), cortical IBVM binding declined only 3.7% per decade. In AD, cortical binding correlated inversely with dementia severity. In mild dementia, binding differed according to age of onset, but metabolism did not. With an onset age of less than 65 years, binding was reduced severely throughout the entire cerebral cortex and hippocapus (about 30%), but with an onset age of 65 years or more, binding reductions were restricted to temporal cortex and hippocampus. In PD without dementia, binding was reduced only in parietal and occipital cortex, but demented PD subjects had extensive cortical binding decreases similar to early-onset AD. We conclude that cholinergic neuron integrity can be monitored in living AD and PD patients, and that it is not so devastated in vivo as suggested by postmortem choline acetylransferase activity (50â80%).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50361/1/410400309_ftp.pd
The COMPLETE Survey of Star-Forming Regions: Phase I Data
We present an overview of data available for the Ophiuchus and Perseus
molecular clouds from ``Phase I'' of the COMPLETE Survey of Star-Forming
Regions. This survey provides a range of data complementary to the Spitzer
Legacy Program ``From Molecular Cores to Planet Forming Disks.'' Phase I
includes: Extinction maps derived from 2MASS near-infrared data using the NICER
algorithm; extinction and temperature maps derived from IRAS 60 and 100um
emission; HI maps of atomic gas; 12CO and 13CO maps of molecular gas; and
submillimetre continuum images of emission from dust in dense cores. Not
unexpectedly, the morphology of the regions appears quite different depending
on the column-density tracer which is used, with IRAS tracing mainly warmer
dust and CO being biased by chemical, excitation and optical depth effects.
Histograms of column-density distribution are presented, showing that
extinction as derived from 2MASS/NICER gives the closest match to a log-normal
distribution as is predicted by numerical simulations. All the data presented
in this paper, and links to more detailed publications on their implications
are publically available at the COMPLETE website.Comment: Accepted by AJ. Full resolution version available from:
http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/COMPLETE/papers/complete_phase1.pd
The Gas Temperature of Starless Cores in Perseus
In this paper we study the determinants of starless core temperatures in the
Perseus molecular cloud. We use NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) observations to derive core
temperatures (T_kin) and data from the COMPLETE Survey of Star Forming Regions
and the c2d Spitzer Legacy Survey for observations of the other core and
molecular cloud properties. The kinetic temperature distribution probed by NH3
is in the fairly narrow range of 9 - 15 K. We find that cores within the
clusters IC348 and NGC1333 are significantly warmer than "field" starless
cores, and T_kin is higher within regions of larger extinction-derived column
density. Starless cores in the field are warmer when they are closer to class
O/I protostars, but this effect is not seen for those cores in clusters. For
field starless cores, T_kin is higher in regions in which the 13CO linewidth
and the 1.1mm flux from the core are larger, and T_kin is lower when the the
peak column density within the core and average volume density of the core are
larger. There is no correlation between T_kin and 13CO linewidth, 1.1mm flux,
density or peak column density for those cores in clusters. The temperature of
the cloud material along the line of sight to the core, as measured by CO or
far-infrared emission from dust, is positively correlated with core temperature
when considering the collection of cores in the field and in clusters, but this
effect is not apparent when the two subsamples of cores are considered
separately.Comment: Accepted to ApJ; 13 pages, including 3 tables and three figure
Child Welfare Workersâ Connectivity to Resources and Youthâs Receipt of Services
Youth involved in the child welfare system are at high risk for mental illness, substance abuse, and other behavioral health issues, which child welfare workers are expected to address through referrals. Child welfare workers (N=27) who participated in Project IMPROVE (Intervention for Multisector Provider Enhancement) reported on services they provided to youth (N=307) in their caseloads. Using survey and administrative data, this paper examines workersâ service actions on behalf of youth. Results were consistent with the Gateway Provider Model and showed that youths received help from a greater variety of service sectors when their workers were able to identify behavioral health problems, and were familiar with and connected to other providers in the community. Improving service delivery to youth in child welfare may be accomplished by training workers in the signs and symptoms of behavioral health problems and familiarizing them with providers in the community
The enigmatic core L1451-mm: a first hydrostatic core? or a hidden VeLLO?
We present the detection of a dust continuum source at 3-mm (CARMA) and
1.3-mm (SMA), and 12CO(2-1) emission (SMA) towards the L1451-mm dense core.
These detections suggest a compact object and an outflow where no point source
at mid-infrared wavelengths is detected using Spitzer. An upper limit for the
dense core bolometric luminosity of 0.05 Lsun is obtained. By modeling the
broadband SED and the continuum interferometric visibilities simultaneously, we
confirm that a central source of heating is needed to explain the observations.
This modeling also shows that the data can be well fitted by a dense core with
a YSO and disk, or by a dense core with a central First Hydrostatic Core
(FHSC). Unfortunately, we are not able to decide between these two models,
which produce similar fits. We also detect 12CO(2-1) emission with red- and
blue-shifted emission suggesting the presence of a slow and poorly collimated
outflow, in opposition to what is usually found towards young stellar objects
but in agreement with prediction from simulations of a FHSC. This presents the
best candidate, so far, for a FHSC, an object that has been identified in
simulations of collapsing dense cores. Whatever the true nature of the central
object in L1451-mm, this core presents an excellent laboratory to study the
earliest phases of low-mass star formation.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, emulateapj. Accepted by Ap
Reply
No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34885/1/85_ftp.pd
Alzheimer's disease versus dementia with Lewy bodies: Cerebral metabolic distinction with autopsy confirmation
Seeking antemortem markers to distinguish Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), we examined brain glucose metabolism of DLB and AD. Eleven DLB patients (7 Lewy body variant of AD [LBVAD] and 4 pure diffuse Lewy body disease [DLBD]) who had antemortem position emission tomography imaging and autopsy confirmation were compared to 10 autopsy-confirmed pure AD patients. In addition, 53 patients with clinically-diagnosed probable AD, 13 of whom later fulfilled clinical diagnoses of DLB, were examined. Autopsy-confirmed AD and DLB patients showed significant metabolic reductions involving parietotemporal association, posterior cingulate, and frontal association cortices. Only DLB patients showed significant metabolic reductions in the occipital cortex, particularly in the primary visual cortex (LBVAD â23% and DLBD â29% vs AD â8%), which distinguished DLB versus AD with 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Multivariate analysis revealed that occipital metabolic changes in DLB were independent from those in the adjacent parietotemporal cortices. Analysis of clinically-diagnosed probable AD patients showed a significantly higher frequency of primary visual metabolic reduction among patients who fulfilled later clinical criteria for DLB. In these patients, occipital hypometabolism preceded some clinical features of DLB. Occipital hypometabolism is a potential antemortem marker to distinguish DLB versus AD.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34886/1/1133_ftp.pd
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy Affects Left Ventricular Mass in Patients With Ejection Fraction >40% After Acute Myocardial Infarction
AbstractObjectives. We tested the hypothesis that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy decreases left ventricular (LV) mass in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >40% and no evidence of heart failure after their first acute Q wave myocardial infarction (MI).Background. Recently, ACE inhibitor therapy has been shown to have an early mortality benefit in unselected patients with acute MI, including patients without heart failure and a LVEF >35%. However, the effects on LV mass and volume in this patient population have not been studied.Methods. Thirty-five patients with a LVEF >40% after their first acute Q wave MI were randomized to titrated oral ramipril (n = 20) or conventional therapy (control, n = 15). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed an average of 7 days and 3 months after MI provided LV volumes and mass from summated serial short-axis slices.Results. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index did not change in ramipril-treated patients (62 ± 16 [SD] to 66 ± 17 ml/m2) or in control patients (62 ± 16 to 68 ± 17 ml/m2), and stroke volume index increased significantly in both groups. However, LV mass index decreased in ramipril-treated patients (82 ± 18 to 73 ± 19 g/m2, p = 0.0002) but not in the control patients (77 ± 15 to 79 ± 23 g/m2). Systolic arterial pressure did not change in either group at 3-month follow-up.Conclusions. In patients with a LVEF >40% after acute MI, ramipril decreased LV mass, and blood pressure and LV function were unchanged after 3 months of therapy. Whether the decrease in mass represents a sustained effect that is associated with a decrease in morbid events requires further investigation.(J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:49â54)
Dense gas in IRAS 20343+4129: an ultracompact HII region caught in the act of creating a cavity
The intermediate- to high-mass star-forming region IRAS 20343+4129 is an
excellent laboratory to study the influence of high- and intermediate-mass
young stellar objects on nearby starless dense cores, and investigate for
possible implications in the clustered star formation process. We present 3 mm
observations of continuum and rotational transitions of several molecular
species (C2H, c-C3H2, N2H+, NH2D) obtained with the Combined Array for Research
in Millimetre-wave Astronomy, as well as 1.3 cm continuum and NH3 observations
carried out with the Very Large Array, to reveal the properties of the dense
gas. We confirm undoubtedly previous claims of an expanding cavity created by
an ultracompact HII region associated with a young B2 zero-age main sequence
(ZAMS) star. The dense gas surrounding the cavity is distributed in a filament
that seems squeezed in between the cavity and a collimated outflow associated
with an intermediate-mass protostar. We have identified 5 millimeter continuum
condensations in the filament. All of them show column densities consistent
with potentially being the birthplace of intermediate- to high-mass objects.
These cores appear different from those observed in low-mass clustered
environments in sereval observational aspects (kinematics, temperature,
chemical gradients), indicating a strong influence of the most massive and
evolved members of the protocluster. We suggest a possible scenario in which
the B2 ZAMS star driving the cavity has compressed the surrounding gas,
perturbed its properties and induced the star formation in its immediate
surroundings.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society (Main Journal
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