The Effectiveness of STEM-Supported Inquiry-Based Learning Approach on Conceptual Understanding of 7th Graders: Force and Energy Unit

This research examines the effectiveness of the STEM Supported Inquiry-Based Learning Approach on the conceptual understanding of 7th graders. In the study, a mixed-method design was adopted. The research was carried out with 64 students studying in a secondary school. The study used a Conceptual Understanding Test (CUT) and an Interview Form as data collection tools. Quantitative data obtained in the research were analyzed using ANCOVA and T-test. Qualitative data were proceeded by subjecting them to content and descriptive analysis. Examining the study results, STEM Supported Inquiry-Based Learning Approach increased students’ conceptual understanding in the experimental group and the Inquiry-Based Learning Approach in the control group. It was determined that the science teaching in the experimental group was more effective in the conceptual understanding of 7th graders. The students stated that the science teaching in the experimental group was fun, created excitement, made them feel happy, instilled cooperation and team spirit, and thought by doing and living. Depending on the results obtained from the research, it was implicated that STEM-supported education should be carried out by determining the engineering design process steps suitable for the middle school level

Double Facial Nerve Trunk Emerged from the Stylomastoid Foramen and Petrotympanic Fissure: A Case Report

There are several studies concerning branches of the facial nerve, but we encountered less information about the trunk of the facial nerve in the literature. During the routine dissection of a 65-yr-old Caucasian male cadaver, double facial nerve trunk emerged from the stylomastoid foramen and petrotympanic fissure were encountered. Because of an extremely rare variation, we presented this case report. In addition this cadaver had two buccal plexuses. These plexuses and other branches were formed to structures like to polygon. These anatomic peculiarities were described, photographed and illustrated. Finally, magnetic resonance imaging was performed by using 1.5T scanner to this cadaver. The facial nerve trunk can be damaged during surgical procedures of the parotid gland tumours and submandibular region. Surgeons who are willing to operate on this area should be aware of the possible anatomical variations of the facial nerve trunk

In Vitro Effects of Imidacloprid and Lambda-cyhalothrin on Capoeta capoeta umbla Kidney Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Enzyme

Pesticide toxicity causes oxidative damage such as DNA damage, enhanced lipid peroxidation, the oxidation of protein sulfydryl groups and enzyme inactivation in the metabolism. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.49; G6PD) from Capoeta capoeta umbla kidney of imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin. For this purpose, the enzymewas purified from kidney of C. c. umbla with a specific activity of 11.26 EU mg-1 proteins and 22.7% yield using hemolysate preparation, ammonium sulfate precipitation and 2',5'-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity gel chromatography methods. In order to control the enzyme purification sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was done. SDS-PAGE showed a single band for the enzyme. The results of this study suggested that imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin have significant inhibition effect on the activity of G6PD in in vitro. In conclusion, lambda-cyhalothrin inhibits the enzyme activity more than imidacloprid

In vitro effects of some metal ions on glutathione reductase in the gills and liver of Capoeta trutta

Many aquatic environmental problems have arisen in consequence of contamination of water by toxic metals and organic pollutants in the present age of technology. Metals play vital roles in enzyme activities and other metabolic events due to their bioaccumulative and nonbiodegradable properties among aquatic pollutants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of some metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) on Capoeta trutta gill and liver glutathione reductase (EC: 1.8.1.7; GR). For this purpose, initially, GR was purified from C. trutta gill and liver. Purification procedure consisted of three steps; preparation of hemolysate, ammonium sulphate precipitation and 2’, 5’-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Using this procedure, C. turtta gill GR, having the specific activity of 19.111 EU/mg proteins, was purified with a yield of 38.8% and 910.05-fold; C. trutta liver GR, having the specific activity of 16.167 EU/mg proteins, was purified with a yield of 21.1% and 734.86-fold. The purity of the enzymes was checked on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and each purified enzyme showed a single band on the gel. In addition, inhibitory effects of some metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) on GR from gill and liver were investigated in vitro. Ki constants and IC50 values for metal ions which showed inhibition effects were determined by Lineweaver-Burk graps and plotting activity % vs. [I]. In conclusion, IC50 values for fish gill GR were 0.000625, 0.153, 0.220, 0.247 and 0.216 mM and Ki constants for fish gill GR were 0.00045 ± 0.00008, 0.128 ± 0.036, 0.182 ± 0.138, 0.482 ± 0.219 and 0.112 ± 0.047 mM for Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, respectively. IC50 values for fish liver GR were 0.000437, 0.217, 0.185, 0.355 and 0.349 mM and Ki constants for fish liver GR were 0.00025 ± 0.00013, 0.532 ± 0.146, 0.123 ± 0.066, 0.093 ± 0.020 and 0.151 ± 0.084 mM for Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+, respectively. In vitro inhibition rank order was determined as Ag+ > Co2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Pb2+ for fish gill GR; Ag+ > Cu2+ > Co2+ > Pb2+ > Ni2+ for fish liver GR. From these results, we showed that Ag+ metal ion is the most potent inhibitor of GR enzyme on gill and liver tissues

Testing for validation of measurement of energy consumption in exercises with four-sensor arm band device

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, egzersiz esnasındaki enerji tüketimin SenseWear Armband ve İndirekt Kalorimetre ile ölçülerek karşılaştırılması, SWA'nın geçerliliğinin sınanmasıdır. Yöntem: Yaş ortalaması 21,38 (±2,2) olan 10 erkek, 11 kadın toplam 21 kişiye dört bölümden oluşan egzersiz yaptırılmıştır. Kişilerin dinlenim enerji tüketimi, maksimal oksijen tüketimi ölçülmüş, ölçülen değerin %30 ve %60'ı hızında laboratuvar ve saha koşusu yaptırılmıştır. SenseWear Armband, katılımcıların sağ kol triseps kasının üzerine yerleştirilmiş ve enerji tüketimi özel olarak üretilen eşitliklere göre hesaplanmıştır. SenseWear Armband ve Oxcyon Mobile (açık sistem taşınabilir bir İndirekt Kalorimetre olan) ile ölçülen enerji tüketimi karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: SenseWear Armband, dinlenim enerji tüketimini indirekt kalorimetre'den 0,080 kcal/dk fazla, %30 laboratuvar koşusunda 0,265 kcal/dk, %60 laboratuvar koşusunda 1,20 kcal/dk, %30 saha koşusunda 0,165 kcal/dk ve %60 saha koşusunda 1,153 kcal/dk az ölçmüştür. İstatistiksel olarak sadece %30 saha koşusunda anlamlı bir fark yoktur (P=0,17). Dinlenimde (P=0,0005), %30 laboratuvar koşusunda (P=0,022), %60 laboratuvar koşusunda (P=0,003), ve %60 saha koşusunda (P=0,0008) istatistiksel olarak fark vardır. Bu farklara rağmen SenseWear Armband ve Oxycon arasında dinlenimde (r=0,837) ve %30 saha koşusunda (r=0,725) güçlü, %30 laboratuvar koşusunda çok güçlü (r=0,877), %60 laboratuvar koşusunda (r=0,516) ve %60 saha koşusunda (r=0,511) orta korelasyon bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre SenseWear Armband enerji tüketimini Oxycon'a göre genelde az ölçmüştür. Aradaki fark egzersizin şiddeti arttıkça artmaktadır. Ancak sonuçlar arasındaki güçlü korelasyona bakarak SenseWear Armband'ın dinlenim ve egzersizde enerji tüketimini ölçmede geçerli bir yöntem olduğu söylenebilir. Özellikle egzersiz sırasındaki enerji tüketimini daha doğru ölçebilmek için SenseWear Armband'ın kişiye özel eşitlikleri geliştirilebilir. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure and compare energy consumption during exercise by SenseWear Armband and indirect calorimeter and test the validation of SWA. Method: An exercise consisting of four parts is practiced on total 21 individuals with 21,38 age average (±2,2) ; 10 male, 11 female. Recovery-energy consumption, maximal oxygen consumption of individuals have been measured and at a speed about 30% and 60% of measured value laboratory and site running have been done. SenseWear Armband has been placed on right triceps of participants and energy consumption has been calculated in accordance with the equalities produced specifically. Energy consumption has been measured with SenseWear Armband and Oxycon Mobile (an open-system, portable indirect calorimeter) Results: SenseWear Armband measured recovery-energy consumption 0,080 kcal/minute more than, 0,265 kcal/minute in 30% laboratory running, 1,20 kcal/minute in 60% laboratory running, 0,165 kcal/minute in 30% site running and 1,153 kcal/minute in 60% site running less than indirect calorimeter. Statistically there is not any important difference only in 30% site running (P=0,17). In recovery there is statistically important difference respectively in recovery (P=0,0005), 30% laboratory running (P=0,022), 60% laboratory running (P=0,003), 60% site running (P=0,0008). In spite of these differences, Powerful, very powerful and middle correlation has been found respectively in recovery between SenseWear Armband and Oxycon(r=0,837), 30% site running (r=0,725) and 30% laboratory running (r=0,877), 60% laboratory running(r=0,516) and 60% site running(r=0,511). Conclusion: : In accordance with the results of study, SenseWear Armband energy consumption has been measured generally less than Oxycon. Difference between them increases as long as energy strength increases. But considering the powerful correlation between results, it is quite possible to say that SenseWear Armband is a valid method in measuring recovery and exercise. Especially specific equalizations of SenseWear Armband can be developed in order to measure energy consumption during exercise

Research on yield, essential oil, contents and components of mint (Mentha) species in different ecologies [Farkli ekolojilerde nane (Mentha) türlerinin verim ile uçucu yag oran ve bileşenlerinin araştirilmasi]

Mint oil demand is met by imports in Turkey. For this reason, this study was conducted to determine yields and essential oil contents and components of different Mentha piperita cultivars (M. piperita Ucrainica, M. piperita Mitcham, M. piperita Bulgaristan 36. M. piperita Multimentha. M. piperita Prilubskaja-I) and Mentha species (M. arvensis var. piperascens (L.), M. aquatics. M. spicata ssp. spicata) in Adana and Pozanti ecological conditions over two years. In Adana, they were harvested twice in the first year and once in the second year. In Pozanti. they were harvested once in both years. The total fresh herbage, dry herbage and dry leaf yields in Adana varied from 512.5-4053.8 kg/da. 116.5-1051.8 kg/da and 34.6-431.1 kg/da, respectively. M. piperita Bulgaristan 36 gave the highest herbage yield. In Pozanti. total yields were lower than those of Adana. fresh and dry herbage and dry leaf yields varied from 115.6-678.1, 57.6-322.5 and 17.0-133.0 kg/da, respectively. Essential oil contents varied between 1.57% and 6.29% and were higher than that of pharmacopoeia because of the high temperature, but only M. arvensis had the highest menthol contents (66.2-72.29%) in both years and locations. The menthol contents of Mentha piperita cultivars varied from 6.23% to 40.47%. The carvone content in oil of M. spicata ssp. spicata ranged from 39.38% to 69.41%