Підготовка поліцейського до дій в умовах раптового близького вогневого контакту

Кірічок А. О. Підготовка поліцейського до дій в умовах раптового близького вогневого контакту / А. О. Кірічок, О. С. Скляр, А. В. Забора // Підготовка правоохоронців в системі МВС України в умовах воєнного стану : зб. наук. пр. (м. Харків, 26 трав. 2022 р.) / МВС України, Харків. нац. ун-т внутр. справ, Каф. тактич. та спец. фізич. підготовки ф-ту № 3, Наук. парк «Наука та безпека». – Харків : ХНУВС, 2022. - С. 195-197.В статті розкриваються особливості підготовки поліцейського до дій в умовах раптового близького вогневого контакту. У службовій діяльності поліцейського близький вогневий контакт – це контакт між поліцейським та правопорушником, який застосовує вогнепальну зброю проти нього, на відстані від 2 до 20 метрів. Подібна ситуація характеризується обмеженням у часі на прицілювання, необхідністю відкривати і вести вогонь з не зручних положень та без можливості прицілювання. В такому випадку поліцейському необхідні навички інтуїтивної стрільби. Інтуїтивна стрільба – це вміння швидко та точно спрямовувати зброю, відкривати і вести вогонь у ціль без зорового контакту. Розглядаються альтернативні способи набуття відповідних навичок з використанням імітаційних засобів не летальної дії, а саме пейнтбольного обладнання.The article reveals the features of preparing a policeman for actions in conditions of sudden close fire contact. In police work, close fire contact is contact between a police officer and an offender using firearms against him, at a distance of 2 to 20 meters. Such a situation is characterized by a time limit for aiming, the need to open and fire at uncomfortable positions and without the possibility of aiming. In this case, the policeman needs intuitive shooting skills. Intuitive shooting is the ability to quickly and accurately aim a weapon, open and fire at a target without eye contact. Alternative ways of acquiring appropriate skills using non-lethal imitation tools, namely paintball equipment, are considered.В статье раскрываются особенности подготовки полицейского к действиям в условиях внезапного близкого огневого контакта. В служебной деятельности полицейского близкий огневой контакт – это контакт между полицейским и правонарушителем, применяющим огнестрельное оружие против него, на расстоянии от 2 до 20 метров. Подобная ситуация характеризуется ограничением во времени на прицеливание, необходимостью открывать и вести огонь с неудобных положений и без возможности прицеливания. В таком случае полицейскому необходимы навыки интуитивной стрельбы. Интуитивная стрельба – это умение быстро и точно устремлять оружие, открывать и вести огонь в цель без зрительного контакта. Рассматриваются альтернативные способы обретения соответствующих навыков с использованием имитационных средств не летального действия, а именно пейнтбольного оборудования

The Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Uniporter: Structure, Function, and Pharmacology.

Mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake is crucial for an array of cellular functions while an imbalance can elicit cell death. In this chapter, we briefly reviewed the various modes of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and our current understanding of mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis in regards to cell physiology and pathophysiology. Further, this chapter focuses on the molecular identities, intracellular regulators as well as the pharmacology of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter complex

MICU2, a Paralog of MICU1, Resides within the Mitochondrial Uniporter Complex to Regulate Calcium Handling

Mitochondrial calcium uptake is present in nearly all vertebrate tissues and is believed to be critical in shaping calcium signaling, regulating ATP synthesis and controlling cell death. Calcium uptake occurs through a channel called the uniporter that resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Recently, we used comparative genomics to identify MICU1 and MCU as the key regulatory and putative pore-forming subunits of this channel, respectively. Using bioinformatics, we now report that the human genome encodes two additional paralogs of MICU1, which we call MICU2 and MICU3, each of which likely arose by gene duplication and exhibits distinct patterns of organ expression. We demonstrate that MICU1 and MICU2 are expressed in HeLa and HEK293T cells, and provide multiple lines of biochemical evidence that MCU, MICU1 and MICU2 reside within a complex and cross-stabilize each other's protein expression in a cell-type dependent manner. Using in vivo RNAi technology to silence MICU1, MICU2 or both proteins in mouse liver, we observe an additive impairment in calcium handling without adversely impacting mitochondrial respiration or membrane potential. The results identify MICU2 as a new component of the uniporter complex that may contribute to the tissue-specific regulation of this channel.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (GM0077465)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (DK080261

Mitochondrial Ca2+ Overload Underlies Aβ Oligomers Neurotoxicity Providing an Unexpected Mechanism of Neuroprotection by NSAIDs

Dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis may underlie amyloid β peptide (Aβ) toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) but the mechanism is unknown. In search for this mechanism we found that Aβ1–42 oligomers, the assembly state correlating best with cognitive decline in AD, but not Aβ fibrils, induce a massive entry of Ca2+ in neurons and promote mitochondrial Ca2+ overload as shown by bioluminescence imaging of targeted aequorin in individual neurons. Aβ oligomers induce also mitochondrial permeability transition, cytochrome c release, apoptosis and cell death. Mitochondrial depolarization prevents mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, cytochrome c release and cell death. In addition, we found that a series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including salicylate, sulindac sulfide, indomethacin, ibuprofen and R-flurbiprofen depolarize mitochondria and inhibit mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, cytochrome c release and cell death induced by Aβ oligomers. Our results indicate that i) mitochondrial Ca2+ overload underlies the neurotoxicity induced by Aβ oligomers and ii) inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ overload provides a novel mechanism of neuroprotection by NSAIDs against Aβ oligomers and AD

Evolutionary Genomics Reveals Lineage-Specific Gene Loss and Rapid Evolution of a Sperm-Specific Ion Channel Complex: CatSpers and CatSperβ

The mammalian CatSper ion channel family consists of four sperm-specific voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that are crucial for sperm hyperactivation and male fertility. All four CatSper subunits are believed to assemble into a heteromultimeric channel complex, together with an auxiliary subunit, CatSperβ. Here, we report a comprehensive comparative genomics study and evolutionary analysis of CatSpers and CatSperβ, with important correlation to physiological significance of molecular evolution of the CatSper channel complex. The development of the CatSper channel complex with four CatSpers and CatSperβ originated as early as primitive metazoans such as the Cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. Comparative genomics revealed extensive lineage-specific gene loss of all four CatSpers and CatSperβ through metazoan evolution, especially in vertebrates. The CatSper channel complex underwent rapid evolution and functional divergence, while distinct evolutionary constraints appear to have acted on different domains and specific sites of the four CatSper genes. These results reveal unique evolutionary characteristics of sperm-specific Ca2+ channels and their adaptation to sperm biology through metazoan evolution

Mitochondrial calcium uniporter Mcu controls excitotoxicity and is transcriptionally repressed by neuroprotective nuclear calcium signals

The recent identification of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter gene (Mcu/Ccdc109a) has enabled us to address its role, and that of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, in neuronal excitotoxicity. Here we show that exogenously expressed Mcu is mitochondrially localized and increases mitochondrial Ca(2+) levels following NMDA receptor activation, leading to increased mitochondrial membrane depolarization and excitotoxic cell death. Knockdown of endogenous Mcu expression reduces NMDA-induced increases in mitochondrial Ca(2+), resulting in lower levels of mitochondrial depolarization and resistance to excitotoxicity. Mcu is subject to dynamic regulation as part of an activity-dependent adaptive mechanism that limits mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload when cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels are high. Specifically, synaptic activity transcriptionally represses Mcu, via a mechanism involving the nuclear Ca(2+) and CaM kinase-mediated induction of Npas4, resulting in the inhibition of NMDA receptor-induced mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and preventing excitotoxic death. This establishes Mcu and the pathways regulating its expression as important determinants of excitotoxicity, which may represent therapeutic targets for excitotoxic disorders

Formulation of the problem of thermomechanics for a flexible cylindrical shell with piezoactive layers with taking into account to displacements

The formulation of problem on the forced resonant vibration and dissipative heating of layered element of structure containing both piezoelectric and electrically passive layers is considered. The improved problem statement taking account of both shear strain and rotatory inertia as well as geometrical nonlinearity is developed. Particular statement of the problem of axisymmetric vibration and dissipative heating of three layer cylidrical shell is formulated. It is assumed that the core layer of the shell is composed of the electrically passive material while the outer layers are manufactured from the piezoceramics. Theory of coupled thermo-electro-viscoelasticity is used to derive the problem statement in the case of monoharmonic loading. Within this theory, the concept of complex-value modulae is applied to formulate the relations between main field characteristics. It is also supposed that the piezo-active material characteristics do not depend on the temperature. Then the coupled problem is reduced to the problem of mechanics on the forced nonlinear vibrations and dissipative heating of the layered plate. Complete set of complex analogs of motion equations, geometric equations and constitutive relations was used to derive the resolving system of equations. Numerical method to attack this nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations supplemented with necessary boundary conditions is developed.Key words: cylindrical shell,resonated vibration, dissipative heating, piezoelectric sensors.Pages of the article in the issue: 78-81Language of the article: Ukrainia