KAJIAN JEMBATAN KECAMATAN SENDANG (RUAS JALAN TUGU – PABYONGAN) KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG DENGAN METODE KOMPOSIT

Population growth in Tulungagung Regency, which is getting faster, must be balanced with adequate transportation infrastructure. Improvement of transportation facilities and infrastructure is in the form of bridge construction. In order to achieve good and truly mature planning, a careful feasibility study is required. From the results of research on the Sendang Bridge (Tugu - Pabyongan Road Section), the greatest force acting on the bridge includes: ultimate moment of support = 34.7 kNm and the ultimate moment of field = 23.8 kN, dead load = 101.12 kNm , live load = 11.09 kN / m, load 'D' = 304.73 kNm, load 'T' = 130 kN, brake load = 45.93 kNm, wind load = 14.70 kNm, earthquake load = 1, 1 kN / m. From the existing loading, a bridge plate with a thickness of 0.2 m is determined. The controls used were deflection requirements d <Ls / 240. 0.0313 <10.8 / 240 → OK, control voltage kip f = 16.77 Mpa. The girder profile is used WF 400.200.8.13. By calculating the structural load and the force acting on the bridge, the use of girder profile is safe to accept stress and deflection due to the forces on the upper structure.Pertumbuhan penduduk di Kabupaten Tulungagung yang semakin pesat harus diimbangi dengan sarana prasarana transportasi yang memadai. Peningkatan sarana dan prasarana transportasi ini berupa pembangunan jembatan. Untuk mencapai perencanaan yang baik dan benar-benar matang maka diperlukan studi kelayakan yang teliti. Dari hasil penelitian pada Jembatan Sendang (Ruas Jalan Tugu – Pabyongan) dihasilkan Gaya yang terbesar yang bekerja pada jembatan meliputi : momen ultimite tumpuan sebesar = 34,7 kNm dan momen lapangan ultimit sebesar = 23,8 kN, beban mati = 101,12 kNm ,beban hidup = 11,09 kN/m, beban ‘D’ = 304,73 kNm, beban ‘T’ = 130 kN, beban rem = 45,93 kNm, beban angin = 14,70 kNm, beban gempa =1,1 kN/m. Dari pembebanan yang ada ditentukan Plat jembatan setebal 0,2 m. Kontrol – kontrol yang di gunakan syarat lendutan d < Ls/240. 0,0313< 10,8/240 →OK , kontrol tegangan kip f = 16,77 Mpa. Profil gelagar digunakan WF 400.200.8.13 , dengan perhitungan beban struktur dan gaya yang bekerja pada jembatan, penggunaan profil gelagar tersebut aman menerima tegangan dan lendutan akibat gaya-gaya pada struktur atas

Mechanical pressure and momentum conservation in dry active matter

We relate the breakdown of equations of states for the mechanical pressure of generic dry active systems to the lack of momentum conservation in such systems. We show how sources and sinks of momentum arise generically close to confining walls. These typically depend on the interactions of the container with the particles, which makes the mechanical pressure a container-dependent quantity. We show that an equation of state is recovered if the dynamics of the orientation of active particles are decoupled from other degrees of freedom and lead to an apolar bulk steady-state. This is related to the fact that the mean steady-state active force density is the divergence of the flux of "active impulse", an observable which measures the mean momentum particles will receive from the substrate in the future

Orthosymplectic Jordan superalgebras and the Wedderburn principal theorem (WPT)

An analogue of the Wedderbur principal theorem (WPT) is considered for finite dimensional Jordan superalgebras A with solvable radical N, such that N^2=0 and A/N is isomorphic to Josp_n|2m(F), where F is an algebraicallly closed field of characteristic zero. Let's we prove that the WPT is valid under some restrictions over the irreducible Josp_n|2m(F)-bimodules contained in N, and it is shown with counter-examples that these restrictions can not be weakened.Comment: 13 page

Multiseasonal variables in digital image enhancements for geological applications

Examples of enhanced multiseasonal orbital imagery illustrate the influence of multiseasonal changes in their spatial and spectral attributes, and consequently in their application to structural geology and lithological discrimination. Shadow effects associated with appropriate solar elevation and azimuth effects enhance the spatial attributes but not the spectral. In this case, variations in illumination conditions should be minimized by selecting images with high solar elevation and by the use of techniques that minimize illumination conditions. Multiseasonal imagery should be used in the identification of spectral contrast changes of rock-soil-vegetation associations which can provide evidences of related lithological units and structural features. The extraction of maximum geological information requires, at least, a fall/winter and a spring/summer scene from which spatial, spectral and multiseasonal attributes can be adequately explored

Force Coefficients and Wind Loads for Wide Flange Section and Retrofitted Pipe Racks

While relatively rare, the failures of steel structures occasionally occur due to extreme wind events such as hurricanes and tornadoes. The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) provides well-defined guidelines for determining wind loads for regular buildings; nonetheless, the actual wind loads for complex open-frame steel structures are not as clearly understood by practicing engineers. Pipe bridges and pipe racks are open-frame structures, commonly used in many petrochemical plants. Over the years, additional pipes are often added to existing pipe racks or pipe bridges to accommodate changes in the operation needs of the petrochemical plant. The objectives of this study are to investigate (1) the wind loads on wide flange sections using the wind tunnel procedure, (2) strategies to retrofit the pipe racks to accommodate additional pipes, and (3) load distribution during an event where a column loses its load-carrying capacity

On gravity from SST, geoid from Seasat, and plate age and fracture zones in the Pacific

A composite map produced by combining 90 passes of SST data show good agreement with conventional GEM models. The SEASAT altimeter data were deduced and found to agree with both the SST and GEM fields. The maps are dominated (especially in the east) by a pattern of roughly east-west anomalies with a transverse wavelength of about 2000 km. Comparison with regional bathymetric data shows a remarkedly close correlation with plate age. Most anomalies in the east half of the Pacific could be partly caused by regional differences in plate age. The amplitude of these geoid or gravity anomalies caused by age differences should decrease with absolute plate age, and large anomalies (approximately 3 m) over old, smooth sea floor may indicate a further deeper source within or perhaps below the lithosphere. The possible plume size and ascent velocity necessary to supply deep mantle material to the upper mantle without complete thermal equilibration was considered. A plume emanating from a buoyant layer 100 km thick and 10,000 times less viscous than the surrounding mantle should have a diameter of about 400 km and must ascend at about 10 cm/yr to arrive still anomalously hot in the uppermost mantle

Optimization of forced-air cooling system for accurate design of power converters

Finding a global optimum of power converters requires models of all its parts (semiconductors, filters and cooling system), rules to describe the interactions between the different parts, an optimality criterion and optimization routines to converge towards the best design. In this paper we implement a model of forced-air cooling system to be used in such a design process. Heat exchange between fins and forced air is described, and fluid mechanics are used to account for the interactions between the fan and the heat sink. Using these descriptions, it is shown how a given performance index can be maximized using optimization routines. The developed model is experimentally verified in the case of a custom heat sink designed with this process. Finally, we investigate the influence of different parameters such as the fan power and characteristic, base plate, heat sink dimensions and materials