Spider mites avoid caterpillar traces to prevent intraguild predation

害虫の王者が芋虫の足跡を嫌うことを発見 --はらぺこあおむしが自然界の秩序を保つ？--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-02-24.In-scent-ive to avoid danger: Caterpillar traces repel spider mites and may help agriculture. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-05-02.The phytophagous spider mites Tetranychus kanzawai and Tetranychus urticae can be as small as < 0.5 mm; thus, they are often incidentally consumed along with food plant leaves by voracious lepidopteran larvae (hereafter, ‘caterpillars’). Therefore, the ability to avoid such intraguild predation should confer a selective advantage to mites. We experimentally demonstrated that adult females of both mite species avoided settling on food plant leaves with traces of all tested caterpillar species (Bombyx mori, Papilio xuthus, Spodoptera litura and Theretra oldenlandiae). We examined additional interactions using B. mori and T. kanzawai and found that B. mori trace avoidance by T. kanzawai lasted for more than 48 h. Tetranychus kanzawai also avoided B. mori traces on plant stems, along which mites access leaves. Moreover, T. kanzawai avoided acetone extracts of B. mori traces applied to filter paper, indicating that chemical substances of caterpillar traces are responsible for the avoidance. This study is the first demonstration of a repellent effect of herbivore trace chemicals on heterospecific herbivores. Although spider mites have developed resistance against many synthetic pesticides, these results predict that natural compounds simulating caterpillar traces may repel spider mites from agricultural crops

Understanding the strategic competition of foreign powers in Myanmar and its impact on Myanmar's future

published_or_final_versionInternational and Public AffairsMasterMaster of International and Public Affair

On the Biological Plausibility of Artificial Metaplasticity

The training algorithm studied in this paper is inspired by the biological metaplasticity property of neurons. Tested on different multidisciplinary applications, it achieves a more efficient training and improves Artificial Neural Network Performance. The algorithm has been recently proposed for Artificial Neural Networks in general, although for the purpose of discussing its biological plausibility, a Multilayer Perceptron has been used. During the training phase, the artificial metaplasticity multilayer perceptron could be considered a new probabilistic version of the presynaptic rule, as during the training phase the algorithm assigns higher values for updating the weights in the less probable activations than in the ones with higher probabilit

Artificial metaplasticity prediction model for cognitive rehabilitation outcome in acquired brain injury patients

Objective The main purpose of this research is the novel use of artificial metaplasticity on multilayer perceptron (AMMLP) as a data mining tool for prediction the outcome of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) after cognitive rehabilitation. The final goal aims at increasing knowledge in the field of rehabilitation theory based on cognitive affectation. Methods and materials The data set used in this study contains records belonging to 123 ABI patients with moderate to severe cognitive affectation (according to Glasgow Coma Scale) that underwent rehabilitation at Institut Guttmann Neurorehabilitation Hospital (IG) using the tele-rehabilitation platform PREVIRNEC©. The variables included in the analysis comprise the neuropsychological initial evaluation of the patient (cognitive affectation profile), the results of the rehabilitation tasks performed by the patient in PREVIRNEC© and the outcome of the patient after a 3–5 months treatment. To achieve the treatment outcome prediction, we apply and compare three different data mining techniques: the AMMLP model, a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and a C4.5 decision tree. Results The prediction performance of the models was measured by ten-fold cross validation and several architectures were tested. The results obtained by the AMMLP model are clearly superior, with an average predictive performance of 91.56%. BPNN and C4.5 models have a prediction average accuracy of 80.18% and 89.91% respectively. The best single AMMLP model provided a specificity of 92.38%, a sensitivity of 91.76% and a prediction accuracy of 92.07%. Conclusions The proposed prediction model presented in this study allows to increase the knowledge about the contributing factors of an ABI patient recovery and to estimate treatment efficacy in individual patients. The ability to predict treatment outcomes may provide new insights toward improving effectiveness and creating personalized therapeutic interventions based on clinical evidence

IR Usage Analysis for the Next Step : Methodology of Comparative Assessment.

DRFIC2008 Poster Session No.24DRFIC2008 ポスターセッション資料 24

A Novel Signaling Pathway Mediated by the Nuclear Targeting of C-Terminal Fragments of Mammalian Patched 1

Background: Patched 1 (Ptc1) is a polytopic receptor protein that is essential for growth and differentiation. Its extracellular domains accept its ligand, Sonic Hedgehog, while the function of its C-terminal intracellular domain is largely obscure. Principal Findings: In this study, we stably expressed human Ptc1 protein in HeLa cells and found that it is subjected to proteolytic cleavage at the C-terminus, resulting in the generation of soluble C-terminal fragments. These fragments accumulated in the nucleus, while the N-terminal region of Ptc1 remained in the cytoplasmic membrane fractions. Using an anti-Ptc1 C-terminal domain antibody, we provide conclusive evidence that C-terminal fragments of endogenous Ptc1 accumulate in the nucleus of C3H10T1/2 cells. Similar nuclear accumulation of endogenous C-terminal fragments was observed not only in C3H10T1/2 cells but also in mouse embryonic primary cells. Importantly, the C-terminal fragments of Ptc1 modulate transcriptional activity of Gli1. Conclusions: Although Ptc1 protein was originally thought to be restricted to cell membrane fractions, our findings sugges

Small molecule stimulation enhances bone regeneration but not titanium implant osseointegration

Abstract The osteogenic and osseointegrative potential of a small molecule was examined to assess its usefulness in regenerative procedures. Purmorphamine was used to stimulate bone growth and repair in an in vitro cell based assay and an in vivo chick embryo CAM-assay with and without the presence of an implant. Purmorphamine adhered to precipitated hydroxyapatite coating, could activate the sonic hedgehog pathway and thereby stimulated osteodifferentiation. Porous calcium phosphate beads were used to deliver this small molecule in vivo and showed that purmorphamine increased the trabecular bone-to-bone area significantly. The assay showed Purmorphamine failed to induce any significant difference in osseointegration on titanium coated PTFE implants. This suggests that, whilst a small molecule can enhance osteogenesis and might be useful in regenerative procedures, it failed to enhance the osseointegration of a Ti coated implant, suggesting that this sort of stimulation might be useful for enhancing bone regeneration where bone loss due to disease exists, but not for enhancing early stability of an implant

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KIOS INFORMASI BERBASISKAN MULTIMEDIA PADA RUMAH SAKIT MEDIKA GRIA JAKARTA UTARA

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI KIOS INFORMASI BERBASISKAN MULTIMEDIA PADA RUMAH SAKIT MEDIKA GRIA JAKARTA UTAR

Hubungan Antara Kemampuan Berkomunikasi Antarpribadi dan Daya Juang Calon Biarawan

Komunikasi antarpribadi merupakan penyampaian pesan dari komunikator kepada komunikan yang saling mempengaruhi satu sama lain dan saling menerima umpan balik secara maksimal. Komunikasi antarpribadi yang terjadi dengan baik memberi stimulasi bagi daya juang para calon biarawan.Suasana. Daya juang merupakan kemampuan individu merespons tantangan atau kesulitan dalam hidup sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan korelasi product moment untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kemampuan berkomunikasi antarpribadi dan daya juang para calon biarawan. Subjek penelitian 49 frater (novis I berjumlah 14 orang, novis II berjumlah 6 orang, studentat S1 16 orang, studentat S2 9 orang dan bruder 4 orang). Instrumen pengumpulan data adalah skala penilaian. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan korelasi 0, 809 pada taraf signifikan 5% dengan nilai r tabel 0,281 (N=49). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara variabel kemampuan berkomunikasi antarpribadi dan daya juang. Hal ini berarti semakin tinggi kemampuan berkomunikasi akan semakin tinggi daya juang. Sebaliknya semakin rendah kemampuan berkomunikasi antarpribadi maka semakin rendah juga daya juang. Saran peneliti bagi para pembina dan pembimbing rohani adalah membekali para calon biarawan Pasionis supaya mampu menerapkan komunikasi antarpribadi dengan baik dan mampu mengembangkan daya juang sebagai calon biarawan