Data mining for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is the most common disease nowadays in all populations and in all age groups. diabetes contributing to heart disease, increases the risks of developing kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage, and blood vessel damage. Diabetes disease diagnosis via proper interpretation of the diabetes data is an important classification problem. Different techniques of artificial intelligence has been applied to diabetes problem. The purpose of this study is apply the artificial metaplasticity on multilayer perceptron (AMMLP) as a data mining (DM) technique for the diabetes disease diagnosis. The Pima Indians diabetes was used to test the proposed model AMMLP. The results obtained by AMMLP were compared with decision tree (DT), Bayesian classifier (BC) and other algorithms, recently proposed by other researchers, that were applied to the same database. The robustness of the algorithms are examined using classification accuracy, analysis of sensitivity and specificity, confusion matrix. The results obtained by AMMLP are superior to obtained by DT and BC

Artificial metaplasticity prediction model for cognitive rehabilitation outcome in acquired brain injury patients

Objective The main purpose of this research is the novel use of artificial metaplasticity on multilayer perceptron (AMMLP) as a data mining tool for prediction the outcome of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) after cognitive rehabilitation. The final goal aims at increasing knowledge in the field of rehabilitation theory based on cognitive affectation. Methods and materials The data set used in this study contains records belonging to 123 ABI patients with moderate to severe cognitive affectation (according to Glasgow Coma Scale) that underwent rehabilitation at Institut Guttmann Neurorehabilitation Hospital (IG) using the tele-rehabilitation platform PREVIRNEC©. The variables included in the analysis comprise the neuropsychological initial evaluation of the patient (cognitive affectation profile), the results of the rehabilitation tasks performed by the patient in PREVIRNEC© and the outcome of the patient after a 3–5 months treatment. To achieve the treatment outcome prediction, we apply and compare three different data mining techniques: the AMMLP model, a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and a C4.5 decision tree. Results The prediction performance of the models was measured by ten-fold cross validation and several architectures were tested. The results obtained by the AMMLP model are clearly superior, with an average predictive performance of 91.56%. BPNN and C4.5 models have a prediction average accuracy of 80.18% and 89.91% respectively. The best single AMMLP model provided a specificity of 92.38%, a sensitivity of 91.76% and a prediction accuracy of 92.07%. Conclusions The proposed prediction model presented in this study allows to increase the knowledge about the contributing factors of an ABI patient recovery and to estimate treatment efficacy in individual patients. The ability to predict treatment outcomes may provide new insights toward improving effectiveness and creating personalized therapeutic interventions based on clinical evidence

Análisis comparativo de algoritmos de aprendizaje para predecir la evolución de pacientes con Daño Cerebral Adquirido

ste trabajo presenta un análisis comparativo entre tres algoritmos de aprendizaje diferentes basados en Árboles de Decisión (C4.5) y Redes Neuronales Artificiales (Perceptrón Multicapa MLP y Red Neuronal de Regresión General GRNN) que han sido implementados con el objetivo de predecir los resultados de la rehabilitación cognitiva de personas con daño cerebral adquirido. En el análisis se han incluido datos demográficos del paciente, el perfil de afectación y los resultados provenientes de las tareas de rehabilitación ejecutadas por los pacientes. Los modelos han sido evaluados utilizando la base de datos del Institut Guttmann. El rendimiento de los algoritmos se midió a través del análisis de la especificidad, sensibilidad y exactitud en la precisión y el análisis de la matriz de confusión. Los resultados muestran que la implementación del C4.5 alcanzó una especificidad, sensibilidad y exactitud en la precisión del 98.43%, 83.77% y 89.42% respectivamente. El rendimiento del C4.5 fue significativamente superior al obtenido por el Perceptrón Multicapa y la Red de Regresión General

Data mining applied to the cognitive rehabilitation of patients with acquired brain injury

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world and is associated with high health care costs as a result of the acute treatment and long term rehabilitation involved. Different algorithms and methods have been proposed to predict the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. In general, research has focused on predicting the overall improvement of patients with ABI. The purpose of this study is the novel application of data mining (DM) techniques to predict the outcomes of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with ABI. We generate three predictive models that allow us to obtain new knowledge to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of the cognitive rehabilitation process. Decision tree (DT), multilayer perceptron (MLP) and general regression neural network (GRNN) have been used to construct the prediction models. 10-fold cross validation was carried out in order to test the algorithms, using the Institut Guttmann Neurorehabilitation Hospital (IG) patients database. Performance of the models was tested through specificity, sensitivity and accuracy analysis and confusion matrix analysis. The experimental results obtained by DT are clearly superior with a prediction average accuracy of 90.38%, while MLP and GRRN obtained a 78.7% and 75.96%, respectively. This study allows to increase the knowledge about the contributing factors of an ABI patient recovery and to estimate treatment efficacy in individual patients

Minería de Datos usando Metaplasticidad Artificial en la Rehabilitación Cognitiva de Pacientes con Daño Cerebral

El propósito principal de esta investigación es la aplicación de la Metaplasticidad Artificial en un Perceptrón Multicapa (AMMLP) como una herramienta de minería de datos para la predicción y extracción explícita de conocimiento del proceso de rehabilitación cognitiva en pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido. Los resultados obtenidos por el AMMLP junto con el posterior análisis de la base de datos ayudarían a los terapeutas a conocer las características de los pacientes que mejoran y los programas de rehabilitación que han seguido. Esto incrementaría el conocimiento del proceso de rehabilitación y facilitaría la elaboración de hipótesis terapéuticas permitiendo la optimización y personalización de las terapias. La evaluación del AMMLP se ha realizado con datos proporcionados por el Institut Guttmann. Los resultados del AMMLP fueron comparados con los obtenidos con una red neuronal de retropropagación y con árboles de decisión. La exactitud en la predicción obtenida por el AMMLP en la subfunción cognitiva memoria verbal-visual fue de 90.71 %, resultado muy superior a los obtenidos por los demás algoritmos

Inverse kinematics of a 6 DoF human upper limb using ANFIS and ANN for anticipatory actuation in ADL-based physical Neurorehabilitation

Objective: This research is focused in the creation and validation of a solution to the inverse kinematics problem for a 6 degrees of freedom human upper limb. This system is intended to work within a realtime dysfunctional motion prediction system that allows anticipatory actuation in physical Neurorehabilitation under the assisted-as-needed paradigm. For this purpose, a multilayer perceptron-based and an ANFIS-based solution to the inverse kinematics problem are evaluated. Materials and methods: Both the multilayer perceptron-based and the ANFIS-based inverse kinematics methods have been trained with three-dimensional Cartesian positions corresponding to the end-effector of healthy human upper limbs that execute two different activities of the daily life: "serving water from a jar" and "picking up a bottle". Validation of the proposed methodologies has been performed by a 10 fold cross-validation procedure. Results: Once trained, the systems are able to map 3D positions of the end-effector to the corresponding healthy biomechanical configurations. A high mean correlation coefficient and a low root mean squared error have been found for both the multilayer perceptron and ANFIS-based methods. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that both systems effectively solve the inverse kinematics problem, but, due to its low computational load, crucial in real-time applications, along with its high performance, a multilayer perceptron-based solution, consisting in 3 input neurons, 1 hidden layer with 3 neurons and 6 output neurons has been considered the most appropriated for the target application

Sentido de pertenencia e inclusión social, desde las expectativas de los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso en la UDO Anaco | Sense of belonging and social inclusion from the expectations of newentry students at the UDO Anaco

Los estudios universitarios representan un desafío no siempre fácil; implican enfrentar algunos conflictosque afectan a las universidades, originados por la pérdida o el desconocimiento de los valores humanos quepermiten una convivencia armónica. Por ello, desarrollar el sentido de pertenencia en los estudiantes hacia suinstitución educativa facilitará ambas, su inclusión social en el ámbito universitario y el camino hacia la excelenciaacadémica. En tal sentido, el propósito de esta investigación fue valorar el sentido de pertenencia e inclusiónsocial, desde las expectativas de los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso en la UDO Anaco. El estudio se sustentó en lasteorías del Intercambio Social (Homans 1959), la Elección Racional (Abitbol y Botero 2005) y el Vínculo Afectivo(Buchanans 2000). El análisis se realizó bajo el enfoque cualitativo y el método fenomenológico para interpretarla realidad desde la perspectiva de quienes la viven. Los informantes clave fueron un grupo de estudiantes denuevo ingreso que cursan las carreras Ingeniería Industrial y de Sistemas, del tercer periodo académico de 2011.Las categorías de análisis fueron: sentido de pertenencia, inclusión social y ser estudiante universitario. En lainvestigación fue posible conocer que existen situaciones que reflejan problemas con las actitudes relacionadascon la pertenencia e identificación de los estudiantes con la Universidad de Oriente, Extensión Región Centro-Sur-Anaco. Se concluye que afianzar el sentido de pertenencia de los estudiantes dependerá de los mecanismosinstitucionales de inclusión y de los comportamientos y la valoración o percepción de los estudiantes.Palabras clave: Estudiantes universitarios.ABSTRACTUniversity studies represent a challenge that is not always easy; they involve facing some conflicts thataffect universities, caused by the loss or lack of human values that allow a harmonious coexistence. Therefore,developing a sense of belonging in students to their school will promote both, their social inclusion in the universityenvironment, and the path towards academic excellence. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to evaluatethe sense of belonging and social inclusion, from the expectations of newly admitted students at UDO Anaco. Itwas based on the theories of social exchange (Homans 1959), Rational Choice (Abitbol and Botero 2005), andAffective Link (Buchanans 2000). The analysis was framed on the qualitative approach and the phenomenologicalmethod to interpret reality from the perspective of those whose live it. Key informants were a group of newstudents of Industrial and Systems Engineering, of the third academic period of 2011. The categories of analysiswere: sense of belonging, social inclusion and be a college student. The research made it possible to know thatthere are situations that reflect problems related to the belonging and identification of students with the university.It is concluded that strengthening the sense of belonging of students will depend on the institutional mechanismsof inclusion and the perception of students.Key words: College students

Are some brain injury patients improving more than ohers?

Predicting the evolution of individuals is a rather new mining task with applications in medicine. Medical researchers are interested in the progress of a disease and in the evolution of individuals subjected to treatment. We investigate the evolution of patients on the basis of medical tests before and during treatment after brain trauma: we want to understand how similar patients can become to healthy participants. We face two challenges. First, we have less information on healthy participants than on the patients. Second, the values of the medical tests for patients, even after treatment started, remain well-separated from those of healthy people; this is typical for neurodegenerative diseases, but also for further brain impairments. Our approach encompasses methods for modelling patient evolution and for predicting the health improvement of different patient subpopulations, dealing with the above challenges. We test our approach on a cohort of patients treated after brain trauma and a corresponding cohort of controls

On the Biological Plausibility of Artificial Metaplasticity

The training algorithm studied in this paper is inspired by the biological metaplasticity property of neurons. Tested on different multidisciplinary applications, it achieves a more efficient training and improves Artificial Neural Network Performance. The algorithm has been recently proposed for Artificial Neural Networks in general, although for the purpose of discussing its biological plausibility, a Multilayer Perceptron has been used. During the training phase, the artificial metaplasticity multilayer perceptron could be considered a new probabilistic version of the presynaptic rule, as during the training phase the algorithm assigns higher values for updating the weights in the less probable activations than in the ones with higher probabilit