Muscle Fatigue Analysis During Dyanamic Conraction

In the field of ergonomics, biomechanics, sports and rehabilitation muscle fatigue is regarded as an important aspect since muscle fatigue is considered to be one of the main reasons for musculoskeletal disorders. Classical signal processing techniques used to understand muscle behavior are mainly based on spectral based parameters estimation, and mostly applied during static contraction and the signal must be stationary within the analysis window; otherwise, the resulting spectrum will make little physical sense. Furthermore, the shape and size of the analysis window also directly affect the spectral estimation. But fatigue analysis in dynamic conditions is of utmost requirement because of its daily life applicability. It is really difficult to consistently find the muscle fatigue during dynamic contraction due to the inherent non-stationary nature and associated noise in the signal along with complex physiological changes in muscles. Nowadays, in addition to linear signal processing, different non-linear signal processing techniques are adopted to find out the consistent and robust indicator for muscle fatigue under dynamic condition considering the high degree of non-linearity (caused by functional interference between different muscles, changes of signal sources and paths to recording electrodes, variable electrode interface etc.) in the signal. In this work, various linear and nonlinear-non-stationary signal processing methods, applied on surface EMG signal for muscular fatigue analysis under dynamic contraction are studied. In present study, surface EMG (sEMG) signals are recorded from Biceps Brachii muscles from eight (N=8) physically active college students during dynamic lifting 7 kg load at the rate of 20 lifts/min till they become fatigue. EMG data is processed in two ways -1. taking the whole EMG response and 2. breaking into three ranges of contraction (0-45)o, (45-90)o and >90o, to study better response region. It is observed that in spectral estimation techniques auto-regressive (AR) based spectral estimation technique gives better frequency resolution than periodogram for small epochs, as AR is based on parametric estimation. Both the previous methods provide only the frequency information in the signal. In order to estimate the time varying nature of frequency content in a signal various time-frequency signal processing techniques are used like – Short Time-Fourier Transform (STFT), Smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville (SPWD), Choi-William distribution (CWD), Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), Huang-Hilbert Transform (HHT) and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) are used. The last two techniques are used by considering the EMG signal as non-linear and non-stationary signals. Among these techniques, STFT is the simplest time-frequency analysis technique. But tradeoff between time and frequency resolution is the major constraint in STFT, therefore, a window length of 256 samples are considered in this study. In order to tackle time-frequency resolution problem different Cohen-class distribution techniques are used like SPWD and CWD, where the result is severely affected by the presence of interference terms which make its interpretation really difficult. Different adaptive filters are used in SPWD and CWD to suppress these interference terms during analysis. Among these time-frequency analysis techniques continuous wavelet transform provides the most accurate results in comparison to other time-frequency analysis techniques. Similar result is obtained in present study. This fatigue response is further improved using non-linear and non-stationary techniques like HHT and RQA. HHT shows less variation in frequency response than CWT analysis result. Percentage of determinism calculated using recurrence quantification analysis method is found to be more sensitive than mean frequency estimation. Therefore, non-linear and non-stationary signal processing techniques are to be better indicator of muscle fatigue during dynamic contraction

Atenção psicossocial e cuidado

A primeira unidade trata do acesso ao cuidado e seus desafios, mostrando a organização do trabalho em equipe interdisciplinar, a importância do acolhimento e da escuta qualificada, a função do registro como ferramenta de acesso e vinculação, mostrando, também outras estratégias de garantia ao acesso. Trata, ainda, da ampliação da autonomia dos usuários por meio da ampliação das dependências e do enriquecimento da existência Mostra a importância da estratégia do matriciamento das redes, do uso de diversas tecnologias, de novas formas de comunicação entre serviços e saberes. Mostra, também, a atual relação entre CAPS, UBS, ESF E NASF em sua perspectiva de tornar o usuário protagonista do cuidado. São sugeridas leituras complementares e apresentadas referências. Na segunda unidade são mostradas a construção e consolidação do vínculo, que têm como fatores fundamentais: conhecer o usuário, manter a flexibilidade como ferramenta do cuidado, trabalhar em equipes multidisciplinares, manter a comunicação clara e garantir a ambiência adequada. Apresenta, também, as estratégias e serviços disponíveis no SUS para realização desse cuidado. São oferecidas leituras complementares e referências.1.0Ministério da Saúd

An Evaluation of the Prospects for Successful Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in the Islamic World

This note will examine the CRPD’s aspirations in light of Islamic law, comparing whether the two are—or can be—consistent. Part I will provide background on the CRPD, including the intent of the treaty, the negotiations leading to the final wording, and the solid obligations it contains for state parties. Part II examines the background of Shari’a and its provisions regarding disability. Part III compares the treatment of the disabled under Islamic law with that required by the CRPD in order to gage consistency. Where tensions exist, alternative interpretations of both Islamic law and the CPRD are proposed that might facilitate balance between Shari’a principles and those of the CRPD

Combined exposure to cigarette smoke and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae drives development of a COPD phenotype in mice

Abstract Background Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major etiologic factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CS-exposed mice develop emphysema and mild pulmonary inflammation but no airway obstruction, which is also a prominent feature of COPD. Therefore, CS may interact with other factors, particularly respiratory infections, in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in COPD. Methods C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS for 2 h a day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Mice were also exposed to heat-killed non-typeable H. influenzae (HK-NTHi) on days 7 and 21. One day after the last exposure to CS, mice were sacrificed and lung inflammation and mechanics, emphysematous changes, and goblet cell metaplasia were assessed. Mice exposed to CS or HK-NTHi alone or room air served as controls. To determine the susceptibility to viral infections, we also challenged these mice with rhinovirus (RV). Results Unlike mice exposed to CS or HK-NTHi alone, animals exposed to CS/HK-NTHi developed emphysema, lung inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia in both large and small airways. CS/HK-NTHi-exposed mice also expressed increased levels of mucin genes and cytokines compared to mice in other groups. CS/HK-NTHi-exposed mice infected with RV demonstrated increased viral persistence, sustained neutrophilia, and further increments in mucin gene and chemokine expression compared to other groups. Conclusions These findings indicate that in addition to CS, bacteria may also contribute to development of COPD, particularly changes in airways. Mice exposed to CS/HK-NTHi are also more susceptible to subsequent viral infection than mice exposed to either CS or HK-NTHi alone.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109487/1/12931_2013_Article_1465.pd

Evaluation of a particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA) for the detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2503689

O lugar do hospital psiquiátrico na atualidade: da disciplina ao abandono

This paper presents a reflection about the position of the psychiatric hospitalnowadays. Starting from the experience of deconstructing a psychiatric hospital in Campina Grande,Paraíba, in 2005, it discuss that the current mental hospitals don’t really work from a disciplinarylogic, which followed during many years the development of the asylum, but from a new logic ofthe abandonment, in synchrony with the new ways of deregulation that characterize the presentpattern of sociability. The abandonment emerges as a method of controlling the segregatinginstitutions that is in agreement with the new deregulated forms of control. At last, the need fora more critical thinking about the modern forms of sociabilityEste artigo traz uma reflexão sobre o lugar que o hospital psiquiátrico ocupa naatualidade. Partindo da experiência de desconstrução de um hospital psiquiátrico em CampinaGrande, Paraíba, no ano de 2005, discute que o manicômio atual funciona nem tanto a partir deuma lógica disciplinar, que acompanhou durante anos o desenvolvimento do asilo, mas de umanova lógica do abandono, em sintonia com as novas formas de desregulamentação que caracterizamos novos padrões de sociabilidade dos tempos atuais. O abandono surge como um método decontrole das instituições segregadoras que funciona em sintonia com as novas formas capilarese desregulamentadas de controle. Por fim, discute-se a necessidade de um pensar crítico sobrea forma de sociabilidade da modernidade, como um passo importante para a desconstrução doparadigma psiquiátrico

Swine Influenza Virus Passive Antibody Levels in Pigs from Vaccinated or Nonvaccinated Sows

Swine influenza virus passive antibody levels were measured in pigs from vaccinated vs. nonvaccinated dams. Pigs from vaccinated dams had significantly higher passive antibody titers compared with pigs from nonvaccinated dams. In pigs from nonvaccinated sows, titers \u3e20 were not detected by 8 weeks of age. In pigs from vaccinated dams, titers \u3e20 were no longer detected at 16 weeks of age. The persistence of passive antibodies may protect young pigs from SIV but also could inhibit immune responses to vaccination

O Mito das Oficinas Terapêuticas / The Myth of the Therapeutic Workshops

ResumoQuais os critérios que poderiam pautar a escolha de um profissional para trabalhar com oficinas terapêuticas como dispositivo de cuidado em Saúde Mental? Possíveis encaminhamentos a essas questões são apontados à luz de reflexões que emergiram tanto da leitura do artigo “O Mito das Atividades Terapêuticas”, publicado em 1990, quanto das experiências dos autores em ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O objetivo deste ensaio é contextualizar a oferta de oficinas em suas articulações com os territórios existenciais e geográficos dos sujeitos, as concepções de Projeto Terapêutico Singular e a sua potência em produzir intervenções culturais e transformação social. Para tanto, são apontados os avanços que ocorreram e seus desafios, nos últimos 25 anos, nos modos de conceber e conviver com a loucura e a desrazão referenciados nas discussões sobre a desinstitucionalização e a implantação da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira. Trata-se de desconstruir mitos que coagulam a vida, em vez de torná-la fluida.Palavras-chave: Oficinas em Saúde Mental; Atividades Terapêuticas; Projetos Terapêuticos Singulares; Desinstitucionalização; Territórios Existenciais.AbstractWhat criteria can guide a professional in the choice of working with therapeutic workshops as a care tool in Mental Health? Possible answers to this question are presented in light of reflections emerging both from a reading of Beatriz do Nascimento’s article “The Myth of Therapeutic Activity”, published in 1990, and from the authors’ experiences in teaching, researching and extension education. This paper aims to contextualise an offering of workshops through their articulation, by means of the existential and geographical territories of the subjects, the conception of the Singular Therapeutic Project and its ability to open the door to cultural interventions and the production of social change. In this regard, we identify the advances and challenges of the last 25 years in ways of thinking about mental illness and reference them to debates on the institutionalisation and implementation of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. It is about deconstructing myths that congeal life rather than making it fluid.Keywords: Mental Health Workshops; Therapeutic Activities; Singular Therapeutic Project; Deinstitutionalisation; Existential Territories

Generating and translating evidence to simultaneously impact nursing education and patient care with undergraduate research

Prepare undergraduate nursing students to take an active role in evidence-based change at the systems level. Partner with practice for an undergraduate honors research program to impact nursing education and quality improvement for patients

Melatonin limits paclitaxel-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and protects against paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in the rat

Acknowledgements Thank you to Professor Ahmet Hoke (Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, USA) for the gift of DRG cells; and to Professor Patrick M. Dougherty (MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, USA) for sharing his expertise in the rat model. Funding The study was funded by the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, the British Journal of Anaesthesia/Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Melville Trust.Peer reviewedPublisher PD