The examination of direct and indirect transmission processes of intergenerational marital instability

The purpose of this research was to test a model of intergenerational transmission of marital instability. In addition, gender differences in the process of intergenerational transmission of marital instability were assessed. An important aspect of the present study was to test the direct and indirect intergenerational transmission processes of marital instability;This study revealed four very important findings. First, the effects of parental divorce on children\u27s marital instability were both direct and indirect through mate selection risk factors, marital quality, and marital commitment. Second, premarital backgrounds, such as socioeconomic status of parents and relative heterogeneity between spouse before marriage, were important to explain one\u27s marital relationship. Third, marital quality was a very important mediator between parental divorce and marital instability. Fourth, there were gender differences in the process of intergenerational transmission of marital instability. The hypothesized model explained the marital relationships of females better than of males. Parental divorce, relative heterogeneity, and alternatives exerted a strong impact on the marital relationship for females when compared to their male counterparts;The comparison of a contemporaneous versus a past influence model demonstrated that the past influence model was a better model compared to the wave 3, contemporaneous model. The regression coefficients also indicated that wave 3 marital commitment were better predicted by wave 2 economic independence than wave 3 economic independence. The comparison of model for adult children from divorced families and adult children from intact families suggests that the model for adult children from intact families was a better model compared to the model for adult children from divorced families;Taken together, this study supports the intergenerational transmission perspective that exposure to conflict marriage in one\u27s own childhood would forecast lower marital satisfaction, higher conflict and higher marital instability in the marital relationship. The findings from this study also underline the importance of predisposing marital characteristics, such as parental socioeconomic status and relative heterogeneity, in explaining marital relationship

What data characteristics are needed for data reuse in the domain of social sciences in Korea?

With the benefits of data sharing and reuse, data reuse have been promoted in various domains. While there are practices and discussions regarding data sharing and reuse, we still have little knowledge on what characteristics of data impact decisions on data reuse. In this sense, we aim to explore data characteristics in the context of data reuse within the domain of social sciences in Korea. For the purpose of this study, we conducted in-depth interviews with twelve re-searchers in the field of social science in terms of six dimensions: data producer, country/language, data type/collection method, procedure, accessibility, size/currency. For the producer dimension, social scientists preferred data that have been produced by an institution rather than an individual researcher. In language used in the data sets, English were more favored because researchers preferred English than any other languages. In terms of data type, quantitative and survey data types are preferred. For the procedure of data, researchers preferred original raw data with plenty of metadata and demographic information for analysis. For accessibility, there was less preference for restricted data. Lastly, for size/currency, researchers showed a preference for big size data and current data. These preliminary findings can provide better understanding about data reuse and guide improved data reuse services

휴지기 뇌 포도당 대사와 BOLD 신호 관계에 관한 다중모달리티 다변량 분석법: 하이브리드 PET/MR 연구

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 협동과정 인지과학전공, 2015. 8. 이동수.Glucose consumption and hemodynamic response to neural activity at rest reflect intrinsic brain function in general. Investigating the relationship between them should be needed to better understand how the brain works. I applied the multivariate partial least squares for investigating the relationship between FDG uptake and BOLD signal at rest (n = 38, mean age 44 ± 13.9 years), as representative measurements for capturing those different aspects of brain function using a hybrid PET/MR scanner. This approach can consider the interdependency between voxels as well as the relationship between modalities. As a result, the relationship which was reproducible by a split-half resampling, was found in brain areas in respect to their functional roles. For example, the FDG uptake and BOLD signal showed positive relationship within the brain regions such as (1) sensory system, and (2) default mode network system. The negative relationship was found between the above regions. The principal component analysis was also performed to investigate the interregional correlation patterns within modality. The first principal component image of FDG-PET was almost the same to the first singular image of FDG-PET. While, the first and second principal component images of fMRI were similar to the first singular image of fMRI. The first principal component image of fMRI represented the (1) visual system, and (2) default mode network system. The second principal component image of fMRI represented the (1) auditory and motor systems, and (2) default mode network system. The results proved that the interregional correlation patterns derived by the spontaneous ongoing neural activity were divided into the specialized independent systems compared to the interregional correlation patterns derived by the relatively stable FDG uptake. This present work showed that the relationship between FDG uptake and BOLD signal was changed by age. By applying the partial least squares to the younger adults (n = 19, mean age 32 ± 6.9 years) and older adults groups (n = 19, mean age 56 ± 7.7 years) respectively, the different relationship between FDG uptake and BOLD signal was observed. The changes of brain function due to aging can be observed by the changes of the relationship between FDG uptake and BOLD signal.Abstract i Contents iv List of Figures vii List of Tables ix 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Multimodal and multivariate analyses of human brain 1 1.2. The relationship between FDG uptake and BOLD signal of the brain 3 1.3. Investigating relationship between FDG uptake and BOLD signal by bimodal and multivariate PLS 6 2. Materials and Methods 10 2.1. Participants 10 2.2. Images scanning acquisition 12 2.3. Images preprocessing 15 2.3.1. FDG-PET images preprocessing 15 2.3.2. Functional MR images preprocessing 16 2.4. General approach and practical application of the partial least squares analysis 18 2.4.1. Partial least squares analysis ? general approach 18 2.4.1.1. Procedures of partial least squares analysis 18 2.4.1.2. Significance test of singular images by a permutation method 20 2.4.1.3. Cross-validation of singular images by a split-half resampling 21 2.4.2. Partial least squares analysis ? practical approach 28 2.5. Estimating principal component images of FDG-PET and fMRI 30 2.6. Partial least squares analysis applied to the younger adults and older adults groups 31 2.6.1. The effect of age to the significant latent variables 31 2.6.2. Partial least squares analysis 31 3. Results 32 3.1. The relationship between FDG uptake and BOLD signal 32 3.2. The reproducibility of the singular images 35 3.3. The principal component images of the FDG-PET and fMRI 40 3.4. The effect of age to the significant latent variables 46 3.5. The relationship between FDG uptake and BOLD signal in the younger adults and older adults groups 48 4. Discussion 51 4.1. Relationship between FDG uptake and BOLD signal at rest 51 4.2. The association of the singular images with the principal component images of FDG-PET and fMRI 55 4.3. The effect of age to the relationship between FDG uptake and BOLD signal………. 57 5. Conclusion and limitations 60 References 63 국문초록 71Docto

Enhancing Breast Cancer Risk Prediction by Incorporating Prior Images

Recently, deep learning models have shown the potential to predict breast cancer risk and enable targeted screening strategies, but current models do not consider the change in the breast over time. In this paper, we present a new method, PRIME+, for breast cancer risk prediction that leverages prior mammograms using a transformer decoder, outperforming a state-of-the-art risk prediction method that only uses mammograms from a single time point. We validate our approach on a dataset with 16,113 exams and further demonstrate that it effectively captures patterns of changes from prior mammograms, such as changes in breast density, resulting in improved short-term and long-term breast cancer risk prediction. Experimental results show that our model achieves a statistically significant improvement in performance over the state-of-the-art based model, with a C-index increase from 0.68 to 0.73 (p < 0.05) on held-out test sets

On instantons as Kaluza-Klein modes of M5-branes

Instantons and W-bosons in 5d maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory arise from a circle compactification of the 6d (2,0) theory as Kaluza-Klein modes and winding self-dual strings, respectively. We study an index which counts BPS instantons with electric charges in Coulomb and symmetric phases. We first prove the existence of unique threshold bound state of (noncommutative) U(1) instantons for any instanton number, and also show that charged instantons in the Coulomb phase correctly give the degeneracy of SU(2) self-dual strings. By studying SU(N) self-dual strings in the Coulomb phase, we find novel momentum-carrying degrees on the worldsheet. The total number of these degrees equals the anomaly coefficient of SU(N) (2,0) theory. We finally show that our index can be used to study the symmetric phase of this theory, and provide an interpretation as the superconformal index of the sigma model on instanton moduli space.1156sciescopu

Printing of wirelessly rechargeable solid-state supercapacitors for soft, smart contact lenses with continuous operations

Recent advances in smart contact lenses are essential to the realization of medical applications and vision imaging for augmented reality through wireless communication systems. However, previous research on smart contact lenses has been driven by a wired system or wireless power transfer with temporal and spatial restrictions, which can limit their continuous use and require energy storage devices. Also, the rigidity, heat, and large sizes of conventional batteries are not suitable for the soft, smart contact lens. Here, we describe a human pilot trial of a soft, smart contact lens with a wirelessly rechargeable, solid-state supercapacitor for continuous operation. After printing the supercapacitor, all device components (antenna, rectifier, and light-emitting diode) are fully integrated with stretchable structures for this soft lens without obstructing vision. The good reliability against thermal and electromagnetic radiations and the results of the in vivo tests provide the substantial promise of future smart contact lenses

The Effects of Cognitive Appraisal and Emotion on Consumer Behavior: The Critical Role of Recollection in the Luxury Cruise Setting

Abstract de la ponencia[EN] The purposes of this study were: (1) to integrate the cognitive appraisal theory and script theory; (2) to examine the bonding character of recollection; and (3) to assess the relationships between consumers ‘appraisals, positive/negative emotions, recollection, storytelling and repurchase intention. A review of previous studies revealed 14 theoretical hypotheses. The proposed hypotheses were tested utilizing data collected from 300 luxury cruise passengers. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were utilized to test the proposed theoretical relationships. According to the results, this work was the first to integrate the cognitive appraisal approach and script theory and also depicted a new angle from which marketers can better understand cruise travelers’ behaviorJoo, E.; Shin, H.; Kim, I.; Choi, J.; Jang, J.; Hyun, S. (2016). The Effects of Cognitive Appraisal and Emotion on Consumer Behavior: The Critical Role of Recollection in the Luxury Cruise Setting. En CARMA 2016: 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods in Analytics. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 167-167. https://doi.org/10.4995/CARMA2016.2015.3135OCS16716

The Effects of Sentential Context on the Perception of Assimilated Speech

The aims of this study were to examine the effect of sentential context on perceptual compensation for assimilation and to compare compensation patterns between English and Korean listeners with a high proficiency level in English. To these ends, we conducted two experiments involving English coronal place assimilation. In the discrimination experiment, two types of stimuli (i.e., compound words and sentences) were presented. In the identification experiment, a target token including one of the two types of codas (i.e., coronal and non-coronal consonants) was embedded in a semantically neutral sentence. The results showed that in the discrimination experiment both listener groups demonstrated higher detection rates in sentences rather than in words. However, the Korean listeners were not as sensitive as the English listeners to phonetic differences of coda consonants in the unviable change context, and they showed more variations in detection rates than the English listeners. The results of the identification experiment presented a significant effect of coda type of target tokens on both listener groups. In sum, the L2 advanced learners were able to use sentential context to perceive assimilated speech, as were the L1 listeners.This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017S1A5A2A01027443)

Older Adults’ Travel Website Usage and Their Wellbeing Perception

Abstract—This study attempts to identify the impacts of older adults’ innovativeness on parasocial interaction, and examine the linkage between PSI and well-being perception. The 201 U.S. elderlyparticipated in survey conducted from online research survey firm. The conceptual suggested model was tested by the data collected from users of travel websites. The results found thatinnovativeness negatively influenced on PSI. Furthermore, older adults’parasocial interaction was found to generatetheir well-being perception. Managerial and academic implications and direction of future research were provided