MiR‐185‐5p regulates the development of myocardial fibrosis

Abstract Background: Cardiac fibrosis stiffens the ventricular wall, predisposes to cardiac arrhythmias and contributes to the development of heart failure. In the present study, our aim was to identify novel miRNAs that regulate the development of cardiac fibrosis and could serve as potential therapeutic targets for myocardial fibrosis. Methods and results: Analysis for cardiac samples from sudden cardiac death victims with extensive myocardial fibrosis as the primary cause of death identified dysregulation of miR‐185‐5p. Analysis of resident cardiac cells from mice subjected to experimental cardiac fibrosis model showed induction of miR‐185‐5p expression specifically in cardiac fibroblasts. In vitro, augmenting miR‐185‐5p induced collagen production and profibrotic activation in cardiac fibroblasts, whereas inhibition of miR‐185‐5p attenuated collagen production. In vivo, targeting miR‐185‐5p in mice abolished pressure overload induced cardiac interstitial fibrosis. Mechanistically, miR‐185‐5p targets apelin receptor and inhibits the anti-fibrotic effects of apelin. Finally, analysis of left ventricular tissue from patients with severe cardiomyopathy showed an increase in miR‐185‐5p expression together with pro-fibrotic TGF‐β1 and collagen I. Conclusions: Our data show that miR‐185‐5p targets apelin receptor and promotes myocardial fibrosis

How to study public imagination of autonomous systems: the case of the Helsinki automated metro

Means of transportation are changing through advances in automation. One issue to be considered in this development is public opinion regarding these systems, yet existing studies of automated transportation do not provide theoretical or methodological means for exploring public imagination, even though this would be relevant in exploring public acceptance of future technologies. Applied for studying public views on a future automated metro system, a method was devised that includes quantitative and qualitative analysis of media and questionnaire data (n = 913). Although supportive arguments dominated media discussion, people's attitudes were negative. The two most prominent models of media influence, repetition and cultural resonance, could not fully explain the results; therefore, public imagination, which reflected daily experiences and science fiction, was explored with reference to social representations literature. It is suggested in general that public imagination, along with media discourses and societal settings that contribute to explanations, should be considered in the design and study of automated systems. It is also discussed that the social representations approach could be beneficial for media frame studies by providing explications as to why certain frames might have or lack cultural resonance