The effect of rehabilitation program on mechanical efficiency, heat rate and Vo2max in spastic children

AbstractAim and scope: Cerebral palsy (CP) Children are generally characterised by some movement limitations physiological abnormalities that compromised with able- bodied people. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the mechanical efficiency and certain cardiovascular indexes before and after exercise-rehabilitation program in children with dipelegic spastic cerebral palsy (experimental group) in comparison with able- bodied children (control group). Material and Methods: In this study fifteen spastic cerebral palsy (dipelegic) children participated in exercise-rehabilitation program (three days a week for three month) with 144bpm of average of heart rate. The mechanical efficiency (net, gross), rest and submaximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of exercise program on cycle ergometer according to Macmaster ergometer protocol. Then control group performed this protocol and were compared via statical spss (P<0.05). Results: Mechanical efficiency (net, gross) increased significantly in cp patients after exercise-rehabilitation program, but yet it was lower than control group (P<0.05). Rest and submaximal heart rate in cp patients decreased significantly after exercise program (P<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption was similar in patients and normal groups and not changed in patients after exercise-rehabilitation program (P>0.05). Conclusion: cerebral palsy patients have higher energy cost and lower physical fitness than able bodied people that is because of high muscle tone, severe degree of spasticity and involuntarily movements. The rehabilitation and aerobic exercise can be effective in improving cardiovascular fitness and muscle function in cerebral palsy patients and increases their mechanical efficiency

The effect of rehabilitation program on mechanical efficiency, heat rate and Vo2max in spastic children

AbstractAim and scope: Cerebral palsy (CP) Children are generally characterised by some movement limitations physiological abnormalities that compromised with able- bodied people. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the mechanical efficiency and certain cardiovascular indexes before and after exercise-rehabilitation program in children with dipelegic spastic cerebral palsy (experimental group) in comparison with able- bodied children (control group). Material and Methods: In this study fifteen spastic cerebral palsy (dipelegic) children participated in exercise-rehabilitation program (three days a week for three month) with 144bpm of average of heart rate. The mechanical efficiency (net, gross), rest and submaximal heart rate and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were measured before (pre-test) and after (post-test) of exercise program on cycle ergometer according to Macmaster ergometer protocol. Then control group performed this protocol and were compared via statical spss (P<0.05). Results: Mechanical efficiency (net, gross) increased significantly in cp patients after exercise-rehabilitation program, but yet it was lower than control group (P<0.05). Rest and submaximal heart rate in cp patients decreased significantly after exercise program (P<0.05). Maximal oxygen consumption was similar in patients and normal groups and not changed in patients after exercise-rehabilitation program (P>0.05). Conclusion: cerebral palsy patients have higher energy cost and lower physical fitness than able bodied people that is because of high muscle tone, severe degree of spasticity and involuntarily movements. The rehabilitation and aerobic exercise can be effective in improving cardiovascular fitness and muscle function in cerebral palsy patients and increases their mechanical efficiency

Arithmetical rank of the cyclic and bicyclic graphs

We show that for the edge ideals of the graphs consisting of one cycle or two cycles of any length connected through a vertex, the arithmetical rank equals the projective dimension of the corresponding quotient ring

The effects of electronic banking development on Iranian banks’ profitability (2005-2010)

In this research, it has been attempted to answer what effects electronic banking development has had on Iranian banks’ profitability.  This research is based on analyzing Iranian Banks activities in Electronic Banking development during several years. Regarding the fact that the most serious actions in the field of e-banking in Iran are installing ATMs, various e-banking services (by telephone, internet, and cell phone), issuing different e-cards (debit card, credit card, purchase/gift card, and e-money), and installing sales terminals and branch terminals, the issue which was pointed out in the present study  was the effect of each of the mentioned parameters and equipment on Iranian banks’ profitability. The model used in this research is based on the structure-behavior-action hypothesis in which the Return on Assets (ROA) is considered as the dependant variables and the number of cards to ATMs ratio, facilities to the number of branches ratio, Herfindahl- Hirschman Index (HHI), inflammation rate, and both the virtual variables including business and government aspects of banks or their being private and specialized were defined as independent variables. The model estimation was performed through 17 banks data during the years 2005 to 2010 and based on the panel data method. The research results show that number of cards to ATM ratio increase has a positive and meaningful effect on banks profitability. Based on this, it can be concluded that Electronic Banking development has a positive and considerable effect on Iranian banks profitability. Also, the number of loans, and given facilities have positive and meaningful effects on Iranian banks profitability

The effects of electronic banking development on Iranian banks’ profitability (2005-2010)

In this research, it has been attempted to answer what effects electronic banking development has had on Iranian banks’ profitability.  This research is based on analyzing Iranian Banks activities in Electronic Banking development during several years. Regarding the fact that the most serious actions in the field of e-banking in Iran are installing ATMs, various e-banking services (by telephone, internet, and cell phone), issuing different e-cards (debit card, credit card, purchase/gift card, and e-money), and installing sales terminals and branch terminals, the issue which was pointed out in the present study  was the effect of each of the mentioned parameters and equipment on Iranian banks’ profitability. The model used in this research is based on the structure-behavior-action hypothesis in which the Return on Assets (ROA) is considered as the dependant variables and the number of cards to ATMs ratio, facilities to the number of branches ratio, Herfindahl- Hirschman Index (HHI), inflammation rate, and both the virtual variables including business and government aspects of banks or their being private and specialized were defined as independent variables. The model estimation was performed through 17 banks data during the years 2005 to 2010 and based on the panel data method. The research results show that number of cards to ATM ratio increase has a positive and meaningful effect on banks profitability. Based on this, it can be concluded that Electronic Banking development has a positive and considerable effect on Iranian banks profitability. Also, the number of loans, and given facilities have positive and meaningful effects on Iranian banks profitability

Effect of touch therapy by mothers on weight gaining of preterm newborns

Introduction: The effect of touch on growth of newborns has been achieved by educated staff, but touch therapy by mothers as the most important care provider for their infants, had not been focused in previous studies. The aim of this work was to study effect of touch therapy by mothers on weight gaining of preterm newborns. Materials and Methods: In a randomized controlled trail and double blind study, 60 preterm newborns who discharged from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to home, randomly allocated to control and touch therapy group (30 newborns in each group). Touch therapy was educated to mother in a direct education, also with offering guide booklet to the mothers. Touch was provided for three 20 minute period per day, until term corrected age. Neonate weight in two groups was measured at the time of discharge and then at the term corrected age by the electronic weighing scale with an accuracy of ± 10 gr. Results: In two groups, mean of age, kind of delivery, level of education, employment and socioeconomic status in mothers, also weight, sex and other neonate characteristics had no statistical differences. At the term corrected age, interventional group showed a weight gain of 10 g/day (30) more than control, which was statistically significant (31 g/day vs 21 g/day) (P=0.04). Conclusion: An important aspect of this study is that all stimulations were provided by mothers which had positive impact for preterm newborns, So, education of touch therapy to mothers can be recommended before discharge of pre-term newborns

Surveying the relationship between Gly1057Asp polymorphism of IRS-2 gene and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes; a systematic review and meta-analysis study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multi-factorial disease in which influenced by several genetic and environmental factors. Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS 2) is the main mediator of insulin in the liver which controls insulin sensitivity. Gly1057Asp polymorphism is one of the candidates to increase risk of T2DM. The present study is an attempt to study the relationship of Gly1057Asp polymorphism of IRS-2 and T2DM by a meta-analysis. A systemic search was conducted in English and Persian databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and other academic databases for studies that have investigated the relationship of Gly1057Asp polymorphism of IRS-2 and T2DM. This association was determined using odds ratios (ORs) with a confidence interval of 95% (CIs). Heterogeneity of the studies was examined by I2 index. Funnel plots and Egger tests were used to determine bias or publication bias. The collected data was analyzed in STATA through meta-analysis. Nine articles were selected as eligible for further analysis, which represented 3,196 patients with T2DM and 3409 controls subjects without T2DM. The present meta-analysis showed a significant relationship between GA genotype of Gly1057Asp polymorphism and T2DM (OR=0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.98), whereas no significant relationship between GG and AA genotype with T2DM was seen; OR for GG and AA genotypes were 1.10 (95% CI, 0.99 -1.22) and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.95- 1.33), respectively. The results of our study show that genotype GA of Gly1057Asp polymorphism of IRS-2 gene plays a protective role and may decrease the risk of T2DM, whereas GG and AA genotypes are considered as a risk factor and related to development of T2DM to some extents. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Gly1057Asp polymorphism, Meta-analysi

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Control System for Pneumatic Servo Valve Using Piezoelectric Actuator

In this study design and simulation of controller for piezoelectric pneumatic servo valve is done. The dynamic model of the valve using analytical approach and the working principle of the servo valve is analyzed. The pole placement method is used to design a controller using observed variables. The valve controls the situation and position of actuator. Then for the system, full order state observer and PID controller based on ITAE (Integral Time Absolute Error) criteria are investigated and the response of system with these controllers is shown and a comparison is done for different schemes of controller design and the best design is selected for the system