Evaluating the Anti-Leech Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Peganum harmala L. and Olea europaea L. on Limnatis nilotica. World's Vet

ABSTRACT Leeches had several complications such as pain, itching, inflammation, severe anemia, short-term bleeding, hypersensitivity, and anaphylactic reactions in their hosts. Harmal Peganum harmala L. is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent and it has antibacterial activity. Olive Olea europaea L. has antibacterial, anti-viral, hypoglycemic and the relaxation of blood vessels properties. Antioxidant properties of olive also had been reported. This study was carried out to detect the effects of methanolic extracts of P. harmala L. and O. europaea L. on L. nilotica immature form. In 2011, 55 immature leeches collected from the southern area of Ilam province were prepared. The methanolic extract of O. europaea L and P. harmala L. were compared with levamisole as the control drug. Distilled water was evaluated as the placebo group which investigated L. nilotica using anti-leech assay. Then extract and drugs were added and their effects were screened for 720 min and time to paralyze, kill and death of each leech was recorded. The results showed that olive methanolic extractions (600 and 300mg) could kill the leeches in an average time of 145±77.57 and171±33.28 min, respectively. An average death time for levamisole was found to be 15±7.49 min. The highest effectiveness was found for levamisole at dose 300 mg. Methanol extracts of the Harmal (300 and 600 μg/m) and springs water showed no anti-leech. In sum, olive plant could use for anti Limnatis nilotica expenditure

National guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of Iranian traumatic brain injury patients

Background: Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged cognitive impairments, resulting in long-term problems with their real-life activities. Given the urgent need for evidence-based recommendations for neuropsychological management of Iranian TBI patients, the current work aimed to adapt eligible international guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of the TBI patients in Iran. Methods: The project was led by an executive committee, under the supervision of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Following a systematic literature search and selection process, four guidelines were included for adaptation. Clinical recommendations of the source guidelines were tabulated as possible clinical scenarios for 90 PICO clinical questions covering all relevant phases of care. After summing up the scenarios, our initial list of recommendations was drafted according to the Iranian patients� conditions. The final decision-making, with the contribution of a national interdisciplinary panel of 37 experts from across the country, was conducted in two rounds using online and offline survey forms (Round 1), and face-to-face and telephone meetings (Round 2). Results: A total of 63 recommendations in six sections were included in the final list of recommendations, among which 24 were considered as key recommendations. In addition, some of the recommendations were identified as fundamental, meaning that proper implementation of the other recommendations is largely dependent on their implementation. Conclusion: Iranian health policy makers and rehabilitation program managers are recommended to address some fundamental issues to provide the necessary infrastructure to set up an efficient cognitive rehabilitation service system. © 2020 Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran. All rights reserved

Using different geometries on the amount of heat transfer in a shell and tube heat exchanger using the finite volume method

This research investigates the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of a conical spiral tube heat exchanger. The study specifically focuses on the application of Ag-HEG (Silver–Hydrogen exfoliated graphene) nanofluid and various turbulator designs. The range of Dean Numbers, specifically 2200 < Dean <4200, was studied through experiments under turbulent flow conditions. Furthermore, the finite volume method-based ANSYS Fluent commercial code was utilized for numerical simulations. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed using the ANSYS Fluent software, which utilizes the finite volume method. This research aims to perform a numerical analysis on the efficiency of a conical shell and tube heat exchanger. When compared to other models, spiral heat exchangers provide a larger contact area between the fluid and the exchanger within a specified occupied area. This advantage is one of the prominent features of this particular type of heat exchanger. The simulations were conducted in two stages. During the first stage, the thermal performance coefficients of three turbulators were evaluated. In the second stage, the four-blade turbulator with ten revolutions, which exhibited superior thermal performance, was further analyzed based on the number of circles around the center of the conical spiral coil. The numerical results showed that the four-blade turbulator with ten revolutions displayed superior thermal performance compared to the other modes, specifically the two-blade and three-blade turbulators. In the second stage, it was found that the Nusselt number achieved from 30 revolutions was higher by 4.2 %, 10 %, and 18.3 % compared to the Nusselt numbers obtained from the other two modes of 10 and 20 revolutions. Consequently, it is concluded that utilizing Ag-HEG nanofluids in conjunction with the four-blade turbulator featuring 30 revolutions is the optimal choice for improving heat transfer in conical spiral tube heat exchangers while maintaining an acceptable level of pressure drop. This combination outperforms traditional fluids and turbulators