Some aspects of modeling in the planning and analysis of development

The development of solutions, the selection of technologies to ensure the target levels of production and recovery of reserves require a reliable basis for research - qualitative data and adequate models that have acceptable predictive power. At the same time, the choice of approaches and tools for solving practical problems of development management should depend on the characteristics of the associated processes that determine the requirements for the result, resource constraints, the complexity of the description of the control object, and so on. The authors of the article offer a review of the experience of applying the hierarchy of models within the technological chain of substantiation of operational decisions on the selection of geological and technical measures. The use of different-level models in the context under consideration makes it possible to obtain reliable estimates of the effects of activities in conditions of time-bound and labor-intensive constraints allocated to the solution of the problem

Influence of electric arc treatment of inner surfaces of ceramic molds on the formation of the surface of titanium casting

© 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. Influence of the effect of electric arc titanium spraying on the inner surfaces of ceramic molds used for casting titanium was observed. Casting surface and cross-section were examined by electron microscopy with a probe microanalysis system and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was observed there is an "alpha case" on the casting surface. Its thickness and elemental composition varies through the casting surface

Surface modification of molds for titanium casting, and its influence on the allocation of chemical elements in boundary layers of molds

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Influence of titanium sputtering on the inner surface of the casting mold on the chemical elements' allocating in the boundary layers of the mold is considered. It is established that the sputtering of titanium does not exclude the migration of mold's chemical elements through the titanium to the casting surface

Reliability of the Assessment of Water Pollution by Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Phenols Using Some of Total Indices

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The problems of the application of total indices “phenolic index” and “petroleum products” for water quality assessment are considered. It is demonstrated that these indices do not reflect the actual contamination of aquatic media by phenols and petroleum hydrocarbons. The effect of hydrocarbons of different classes on the error in determining petroleum products was revealed. The presence of phenols and other organic compounds was found to affect the results of the determination of the phenolic index. It is necessary to identify pollutants contained in wastewater to assess the applicability of total indices in the analysis of such waters. Marker components of wastewater must be included in the research program, in addition to total indices

Research of boundary layers of molds, used in titanium casting

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Boundary layers of the mold used for castings from titanium have been investigated by the method of electron microscopy with a system of probe microanalysis. Migration both components of mold and additives of titanium alloy is established to the surface layers of the form

The physical oceanography of the transport of floating marine debris

Marine plastic debris floating on the ocean surface is a major environmental problem. However, its distribution in the ocean is poorly mapped, and most of the plastic waste estimated to have entered the ocean from land is unaccounted for. Better understanding of how plastic debris is transported from coastal and marine sources is crucial to quantify and close the global inventory of marine plastics, which in turn represents critical information for mitigation or policy strategies. At the same time, plastic is a unique tracer that provides an opportunity to learn more about the physics and dynamics of our ocean across multiple scales, from the Ekman convergence in basin-scale gyres to individual waves in the surfzone. In this review, we comprehensively discuss what is known about the different processes that govern the transport of floating marine plastic debris in both the open ocean and the coastal zones, based on the published literature and referring to insights from neighbouring fields such as oil spill dispersion, marine safety recovery, plankton connectivity, and others. We discuss how measurements of marine plastics (both in situ and in the laboratory), remote sensing, and numerical simulations can elucidate these processes and their interactions across spatio-temporal scales

Reliability of the Assessment of Water Pollution by Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Phenols Using Some of Total Indices

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The problems of the application of total indices “phenolic index” and “petroleum products” for water quality assessment are considered. It is demonstrated that these indices do not reflect the actual contamination of aquatic media by phenols and petroleum hydrocarbons. The effect of hydrocarbons of different classes on the error in determining petroleum products was revealed. The presence of phenols and other organic compounds was found to affect the results of the determination of the phenolic index. It is necessary to identify pollutants contained in wastewater to assess the applicability of total indices in the analysis of such waters. Marker components of wastewater must be included in the research program, in addition to total indices

Influence of electric arc treatment of inner surfaces of ceramic molds on the formation of the surface of titanium casting

© 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. Influence of the effect of electric arc titanium spraying on the inner surfaces of ceramic molds used for casting titanium was observed. Casting surface and cross-section were examined by electron microscopy with a probe microanalysis system and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was observed there is an "alpha case" on the casting surface. Its thickness and elemental composition varies through the casting surface

Research of boundary layers of molds, used in titanium casting

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Boundary layers of the mold used for castings from titanium have been investigated by the method of electron microscopy with a system of probe microanalysis. Migration both components of mold and additives of titanium alloy is established to the surface layers of the form

Surface modification of molds for titanium casting, and its influence on the allocation of chemical elements in boundary layers of molds

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Influence of titanium sputtering on the inner surface of the casting mold on the chemical elements' allocating in the boundary layers of the mold is considered. It is established that the sputtering of titanium does not exclude the migration of mold's chemical elements through the titanium to the casting surface