On Contra SS-Continuous Functions

In this paper, we apply the notion of -open set in topological spaces to introduce and investigate the concept of contra -continuous which is a subclass of the class of contra semi continuous functions. Keywords: -closed, contra -continuous, contra SS –closed and strongly contra SS –closed

ON SP-CONNECTED SPACES

In this paper we introduce a new concept of connectedness namely Sp-connected space. This class of spaces is strictly between semi-connectedness and connectedness. Several properties and characterizations of this concept are found

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

WEAKLY αγ\alpha_{\gamma}-REGULAR AND WEAKLY αγ\alpha_{\gamma}-NORML SPACES

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study two new classes ofspaces, called weakly $\alpha_{\gamma}$-regular and weakly $\alpha_{\gamma}$-normal spaces. Some basic properties of these separation axioms are studied by utilizing $\alpha_{\gamma}$-open and $\alpha_{\gamma}$-closed sets

Some Applications of Minimal Pγ -Open Sets

We characterize minimal P γ-open sets in topological spaces. We show that any nonempty subset of a minimal P γ-open set is pre P-open. As an application of a theory of minimal Pγ-open sets, we obtain a sufficient condition for a P-locally finite space to be a pre P γ-Hausdorff spac

αβ\alpha_{\beta}-BOUNDED SETS AND αβ\alpha_{\beta}-TOPOLOGICALLY NILPOTENT ELEMENTS

The aim of this paper is to define and discuss the properties of $\alpha_{\beta}$-boundedness, $\alpha_{\beta}$-topological divisor of zero and $\alpha_{\beta}$-topologically nilpotent elements