Toward Trustworthy Neural Program Synthesis

We develop an approach to estimate the probability that a program sampled from a large language model is correct. Given a natural language description of a programming problem, our method samples both candidate programs as well as candidate predicates specifying how the program should behave. This allows learning a model that forms a well-calibrated probabilistic prediction of program correctness. Our system also infers which predicates are useful to explain the behavior of the generated code, and humans preferred these in a human study over raw language model outputs. Our method is simple, easy to implement, and maintains state of the art generation accuracy results.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF MOBILE COOLING SYSTEM WITH THERMAL BATTERY AND THERMOSIPHON RECHARGE

A personalized mobile cooling device was modified and tested with different components to deliver better system performance. The device uses a miniaturized vapor compression cycle (VCC) to deliver approximately 165 W of cooling to an individual. The device stores the waste heat from the VCC condenser in a phase change material (PCM) carried on-board the device. The PCM is then recharged by rejecting heat stored in the PCM with a thermosiphon recharge cycle. The PCM was enhanced with copper and graphite matrices. The system was tested with the goal of increasing the coefficient of performance (COP) of the VCC and decreasing the PCM recharge time. This study found that a copper enhancement provided the highest COP at 4.43, an improvement over the baseline COP of 2.41

GW150914: First search for the electromagnetic counterpart of a gravitational-wave event by the TOROS collaboration

We present the results of the optical follow-up conducted by the TOROS collaboration of the first gravitational-wave event GW150914. We conducted unfiltered CCD observations (0.35-1 micron) with the 1.5-m telescope at Bosque Alegre starting ~2.5 days after the alarm. Given our limited field of view (~100 square arcmin), we targeted 14 nearby galaxies that were observable from the site and were located within the area of higher localization probability. We analyzed the observations using two independent implementations of difference-imaging algorithms, followed by a Random-Forest-based algorithm to discriminate between real and bogus transients. We did not find any bona fide transient event in the surveyed area down to a 5-sigma limiting magnitude of r=21.7 mag (AB). Our result is consistent with the LIGO detection of a binary black hole merger, for which no electromagnetic counterparts are expected, and with the expected rates of other astrophysical transients.Comment: ApJ Letters, in pres

Methods and participant characteristics in the Cancer Risk in Vegetarians Consortium: a cross-sectional analysis across 11 prospective studies

Background: The associations of vegetarian diets with risks for site-specific cancers have not been estimated reliably due to the low number of vegetarians in previous studies. Therefore, the Cancer Risk in Vegetarians Consortium was established. The aim is to describe and compare the baseline characteristics between non-vegetarian and vegetarian diet groups and between the collaborating studies. Methods: We harmonised individual-level data from 11 prospective cohort studies from Western Europe, North America, South Asia and East Asia. Comparisons of food intakes, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were made between diet groups and between cohorts using descriptive statistics. Results: 2.3 million participants were included; 66% women and 34% men, with mean ages at recruitment of 57 (SD: 7.8) and 57 (8.6) years, respectively. There were 2.1 million meat eaters, 60,903 poultry eaters, 44,780 pescatarians, 81,165 vegetarians, and 14,167 vegans. Food intake differences between the diet groups varied across the cohorts; for example, fruit and vegetable intakes were generally higher in vegetarians than in meat eaters in all the cohorts except in China. BMI was generally lower in vegetarians, particularly vegans, except for the cohorts in India and China. In general, but with some exceptions, vegetarians were also more likely to be highly educated and physically active and less likely to smoke. In the available resurveys, stability of diet groups was high in all the cohorts except in China. Conclusions: Food intakes and lifestyle factors of both non-vegetarians and vegetarians varied markedly across the individual cohorts, which may be due to differences in both culture and socioeconomic status, as well as differences in questionnaire design. Therefore, care is needed in the interpretation of the impacts of vegetarian diets on cancer risk

Political Parties and Interest Organizations at the Crossroads: Perspectives on the Transformation of Political Organizations

This article reviews the case for considering the study of parties and interest organizations together, under the umbrella of “political organizations.” While both literatures are rather disconnected at the moment, we believe that they share many commonalities. A common narrative involves the apparent transformation of parties and interest organizations, as both organizations are continuously adapting to changing environments. In this review, we integrate both literatures and assess arguments for organizational convergence vis-à-vis claims of continuing diversity. Building upon recent work that takes a more joined-up approach, we advance a common research agenda that demonstrates the value and feasibility of studying these organizations in tandem.The politics and administration of institutional chang

Pax9 function in mammalian craniofacial and tooth development

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