82 research outputs found
A three-dimensional wavelet based multifractal method : about the need of revisiting the multifractal description of turbulence dissipation data
We generalize the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method to
multifractal analysis of 3D random fields. This method is calibrated on
synthetic 3D monofractal fractional Brownian fields and on 3D multifractal
singular cascade measures as well as their random function counterpart obtained
by fractional integration. Then we apply the 3D WTMM method to the dissipation
field issue from 3D isotropic turbulence simulations. We comment on the need to
revisiting previous box-counting analysis which have failed to estimate
correctly the corresponding multifractal spectra because of their intrinsic
inability to master non-conservative singular cascade measures.Comment: 5 pages, 3figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
A large time-step and well-balanced Lagrange-Projection type scheme for the shallow-water equations
This work focuses on the numerical approximation of the Shallow Water
Equations (SWE) using a Lagrange-Projection type approach. We propose to extend
to this context recent implicit-explicit schemes developed in the framework of
compressibleflows, with or without stiff source terms. These methods enable the
use of time steps that are no longer constrained by the sound velocity thanks
to an implicit treatment of the acoustic waves, and maintain accuracy in the
subsonic regime thanks to an explicit treatment of the material waves. In the
present setting, a particular attention will be also given to the
discretization of the non-conservative terms in SWE and more specifically to
the well-known well-balanced property. We prove that the proposed numerical
strategy enjoys important non linear stability properties and we illustrate its
behaviour past several relevant test cases
Automated Detection of Coronal Loops using a Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima Method
We propose and test a wavelet transform modulus maxima method for the au-
tomated detection and extraction of coronal loops in extreme ultraviolet images
of the solar corona. This method decomposes an image into a number of size
scales and tracks enhanced power along each ridge corresponding to a coronal
loop at each scale. We compare the results across scales and suggest the
optimum set of parameters to maximise completeness while minimising detection
of noise. For a test coronal image, we compare the global statistics (e.g.,
number of loops at each length) to previous automated coronal-loop detection
algorithms
Thermo-compositional diabatic convection in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and in Earth's atmosphere and oceans
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Astronomical Society / IOP Publishing via the DOI in this record.The simulation outputs are available at http://opendata.erc-atmo.euBy generalizing the theory of convection to any type of thermal and compositional source terms (diabatic processes), we show that thermohaline convection in Earth oceans, fingering convection in stellar atmospheres, and moist convection in Earth atmosphere are deriving from the same general diabatic convective instability. We show also that "radiative convection" triggered by CO/CH4 transition with radiative transfer in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs is analog to moist and thermohaline convection. We derive a generalization of the mixing length theory to include the effect of source terms in 1D codes. We show that CO/CH4 radiative convection could significantly reduce the temperature gradient in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs similarly to moist convection in Earth atmosphere thus possibly explaining the reddening in brown-dwarf spectra. By using idealized two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations in the Ledoux unstable regime, we show that compositional source terms can indeed provoke a reduction of the temperature gradient. The L/T transition could be explained by a bifurcation between the adiabatic and diabatic convective transports and could be seen as a giant cooling crisis: an analog of the boiling crisis in liquid/steam-water convective flows. This mechanism with other chemical transitions could be present in many giant and earth-like exoplanets. The study of the impact of different parameters (effective temperature, compositional changes) on CO/CH4 radiative convection and the analogy with Earth moist and thermohaline convection is opening the possibility to use brown dwarfs to better understand some aspects of the physics at play in the climate of our own planet.Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC
The Breakdown of Alfven's Theorem in Ideal Plasma Flows
This paper presents both rigorous results and physical theory on the
breakdown of magnetic flux conservation for ideal plasmas, by nonlinear
effects. Our analysis is based upon an effective equation for
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modes at length-scales with smaller scales
eliminated, as in renormalization-group methodology. We prove that
flux-conservation can be violated for an arbitrarily small length-scale
and in the absence of any non-ideality, but only if singular current sheets and
vortex sheets both exist and intersect in sets of large enough dimension. This
result gives analytical support to and rigorous constraints on theories of fast
turbulent reconnection. Mathematically, our theorem is analogous to Onsager's
result on energy dissipation anomaly in hydrodynamic turbulence. As a physical
phenomenon, the breakdown of magnetic-flux conservation in ideal MHD is similar
to the decay of magnetic flux through a narrow superconducting ring, by
phase-slip of quantized flux lines. The effect should be observable both in
numerical MHD simulations and in laboratory plasma experiments at moderately
high magnetic Reynolds numbers.Comment: 38 pages, 1 figur
Decomposing multifractal crossovers
Physiological processes-such as, the brain's resting-state electrical activity or hemodynamic fluctuations-exhibit scale-free temporal structuring. However, impacts common in biological systems such as, noise, multiple signal generators, or filtering by transport function, result in multimodal scaling that cannot be reliably assessed by standard analytical tools that assume unimodal scaling. Here, we present two methods to identify breakpoints or crossovers in multimodal multifractal scaling functions. These methods incorporate the robust iterative fitting approach of the focus-based multifractal formalism (FMF). The first approach (moment-wise scaling range adaptivity) allows for a breakpoint-based adaptive treatment that analyzes segregated scale-invariant ranges. The second method (scaling function decomposition method, SFD) is a crossover-based design aimed at decomposing signal constituents from multimodal scaling functions resulting from signal addition or co-sampling, such as, contamination by uncorrelated fractals. We demonstrated that these methods could handle multimodal, mono- or multifractal, and exact or empirical signals alike. Their precision was numerically characterized on ideal signals, and a robust performance was demonstrated on exemplary empirical signals capturing resting-state brain dynamics by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), electroencephalography (EEG), and blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI-BOLD). The NIRS and fMRI-BOLD low-frequency fluctuations were dominated by a multifractal component over an underlying biologically relevant random noise, thus forming a bimodal signal. The crossover between the EEG signal components was found at the boundary between the δ and θ bands, suggesting an independent generator for the multifractal d rhythm. The robust implementation of the SFD method should be regarded as essential in the seamless processing of large volumes of bimodal fMRI-BOLD imaging data for the topology of multifractal metrics free of the masking effect of the underlying random noise. © 2017 Nagy, Mukli, Herman and Eke
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