Basic Rights and Anti-Terrorism Legislation

This Note addresses whether Britain\u27s Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act (CJTCA), which permits police officer opinion testimony as to whether a terrorist suspect is a member of an illegal terrorist organization and allows adverse inferences to be drawn from that suspect\u27s silence, can be reconciled with the fair trial provisions of the Human Rights Act (HRA). Part II of this Note describes the background of the CJTCA, concentrating on the reasons for its rushed passage and on the evidentiary changes it makes to trials of defendants charged with terrorist offenses. Part II describes the background and mechanics of the HRA, which incorporates the European Convention on Human Rights into Britain\u27s domestic law. As the HRA directs British judges to refer to case law of the European Court of Human Rights for guidance, Part IV evaluates that tribunal\u27s interpretation of Article 6 of the Convention, which guarantees the right to a fair trial. Specifically, this section examines decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the British courts with regard to issues likely to arise in trials under the CJTCA, including the following: the right to remain silent, the right to cross-examine adverse witnesses, the prosecution\u27s duty to disclose information, and the doctrine of equality of arms. Part V applies the principles explicated by those authorities to the evidentiary provisions of the CJTCA, and assesses the soundness of the policy goals behind it. In this section, the author concludes that many trials under the CJTCA will run afoul of the HRA. Accordingly, the CJTCA should be repealed or given a very narrow interpretation by the British Courts. The author also concludes that the CJTCA will not advance the goals for which it was passed--reducing terrorist activity in the United Kingdom and bolstering the peace process in Northern Ireland

Component Composition in Business and System Modelling

Bespoke development of large business systems can be couched in terms of the composition of components, which are, put simply, chunks of development work. Design, mapping a specification to an implementation, can also be expressed in terms of components: a refinement comprising an abstract component, a concrete component and a mapping between them. Similarly, system extension is the composition of an existing component, the legacy system, with a new component, the extension. This paper overviews work being done on a UK EPSRC funded research project formulating and formalizing techniques for describing, composing and performing integrity checks on components. Although the paper focuses on the specification and development of information systems, the techniques are equally applicable to the modeling and re-engineering of businesses, where no computer system may be involved

Clinical Sociological Perspectives on Social Impacts: From Assessment to Management

The social impact assessment (SIA) field is moving into a critical and central position in resource decision making in our society. Initially conceived as part of the environmental impact statement (EIS) process, SIA is beginning to be recognized as having dimensions far beyond its early scope. This article focuses on the extension of SIA work into the area of social impact management. Current trends in the SIA field leading to the emphasis on management are reviewed, followed by a discussion of the issue-centered approach to SIA. A discussion of decentralization trends sets the stage for understanding the emerging demand for impact management services. A definition of and rationale for social impact management are provided, and four principles of social impact management are described. Finally, the process by which impact management systems are developed is discussed through selected examples

A review of stress-management interventions for the oncology nursing workforce: what do we know and what should we be doing differently?

Oncology nurses are at risk of chronic stress. In this narrative review we provide an overview of stress-management intervention studies for oncology nurses, and suggest that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy/Training (ACT) provides a better intervention framework due to the relevance of underpinning therapeutic processes (e.g. acceptance, mindfulness, values clarification) to the role and stress-related experiences of this workforce population. Current evidence for stress management intervention effectiveness varies, with few studies describing how theory informs intervention content, or justifying why they should benefit this population specifically. ACT lends itself to data-driven intervention development, thus potentially addressing some methodological limitations in this field. Only one trial has tested ACT in this population, reporting only partial effects. Further empirical research is required given (a) the applicability of ACT for this population and context, and (b) the associated advantages of brief and/or group delivery to address known barriers to participating in stress-management interventions

Quantum optical signal processing in diamond

Controlling the properties of single photons is essential for a wide array of emerging optical quantum technologies spanning quantum sensing, quantum computing, and quantum communications. Essential components for these technologies include single photon sources, quantum memories, waveguides, and detectors. The ideal spectral operating parameters (wavelength and bandwidth) of these components are rarely similar; thus, frequency conversion and spectral control are key enabling steps for component hybridization. Here we perform signal processing of single photons by coherently manipulating their spectra via a modified quantum memory. We store 723.5 nm photons, with 4.1 nm bandwidth, in a room-temperature diamond crystal; upon retrieval we demonstrate centre frequency tunability over 4.2 times the input bandwidth, and bandwidth modulation between 0.5 to 1.9 times the input bandwidth. Our results demonstrate the potential for diamond, and Raman memories in general, to be an integrated platform for photon storage and spectral conversion.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Electronic Field Trips for Science Engagement: The Streaming Science Model

While institutions of higher education work to engage PK-12 youth in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) concepts and careers via in-person programming, PK-12 teachers and students face many logistical and access constraints for physically traveling to sites off of school grounds during the school day. Throughout the years, electronic field trips (EFTs) have offered a digital way for schools to engage in meaningful ways with museums, parks, laboratories, and field research sites. In order for EFTs to be effective, they should be cost effective and created collaboratively with teachers, students, subject matter experts, and instructional design and communication professionals. Streaming Science is an online science communication platform that aimed to develop and implement an effective EFT model. Three Streaming Science live interactive EFTs webcasted online were piloted from various locations during 2017-2019 to test wireless internet connections, mobile technologies, STEM content, and impacts on students’ interest, attitudes, and learning. The model proved iPads and mobile applications in the field for web streaming were effective for connecting scientists with school audiences. In this professional development article, authors describe the Streaming Science EFT model, including recommendations for instructional design, the pre-production process, content development, teacher collaboration, student engagement, mobile hardware and software, and assessment

Storage and retrieval of ultrafast single photons using a room-temperature diamond quantum memory

We report the storage and retrieval of single photons, via a quantum memory, in the optical phonons of room-temperature bulk diamond. The THz-bandwidth heralded photons are generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion and mapped to phonons via a Raman transition, stored for a variable delay, and released on demand. The second-order correlation of the memory output is $g^{(2)}(0) = 0.65 \pm 0.07$, demonstrating preservation of non-classical photon statistics throughout storage and retrieval. The memory is low-noise, high-speed and broadly tunable; it therefore promises to be a versatile light-matter interface for local quantum processing applications.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure