BENEFÍCIOS DA FACILITAÇÃO NEUROMUSCULAR PROPRIOCEPTIVA EM MULHERES MASTECTOMIZADAS: UM ESTUDO PILOTO

O carcinoma mamário pode ser tratado de diversas formas, incluindo a mastectomia. A mastectomia é caracterizada como uma cirurgia total ou parcial da mama, podendo ou não ser associada à excisão dos gânglios linfáticos axilares. Podem aparecer sequelas e complicações no período pós-operatório. A facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP) é uma técnica de abordagem global em que procedimentos básicos da facilitação permitem ao terapeuta ajudar seus pacientes a atingir o máximo da sua função motora eficiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do Método de FNP em mulheres pós mastectomizadas. No estudo foram utilizadas quatro pacientes pós-mastectomizadas, tratadas com a técnica de FNP. Foram realizadas 10 sessões de 30 minutos. Na primeira e última sessão foram aplicadas as técnicas de avaliação: perimetria (linfedema), dinamometria (força muscular) e goniometria (amplitude articular). Os resultados da avaliação do linfedema demonstram que pode haver redução do edema com a aplicação da técnica de FNP, os quais demonstraram diferença apenas em membro superior direito. Nenhum dos testes apresentou diferença significativa. Porém, mais estudos são necessários para verificar os efeitos da técnica FNP em mulheres mastectomizadas.Palavras-chave: Carcinoma mamário; FNP; fisioterapia

Borrelia valaisiana resist complement-mediated killing independently of the recruitment of immune regulators and inactivation of complement components

Spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi sensu lato complex differ in their resistance to complement-mediated killing, particularly in regard to human serum. In the present study, we elucidate the serum and complement susceptibility of B. valaisiana, a genospecies with the potential to cause Lyme disease in Europe as well as in Asia. Among the investigated isolates, growth of ZWU3 Ny3 was not affected while growth of VS116 and Bv9 was strongly inhibited in the presence of 50% human serum. Analyzing complement activation, complement components C3, C4 and C6 were deposited on the surface of isolates VS116 and Bv9, and similarly the membrane attack complex was formed on their surface. In contrast, no surface-deposited components and no aberrations in cell morphology were detected for serum-resistant ZWU3 Ny3. While further investigating the protective role of bound complement regulators in mediating complement resistance, we discovered that none of the B. valaisiana isolates analyzed bound complement regulators Factor H, Factor H-like protein 1, C4b binding protein or C1 esterase inhibitor. In addition, B. valaisiana also lacked intrinsic proteolytic activity to degrade complement components C3, C3b, C4, C4b, and C5. Taken together, these findings suggest that certain B. valaisiana isolates differ in their capability to resist complement-mediating killing by human serum. The molecular mechanism utilized by B. valaisiana to inhibit bacteriolysis appears not to involve binding of the key host complement regulators of the alternative, classical, and lectin pathways as already known for serum-resistant Lyme disease or relapsing fever borreliae

Two New Loci for Body-Weight Regulation Identified in a Joint Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Early-Onset Extreme Obesity in French and German Study Groups

Meta-analyses of population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in adults have recently led to the detection of new genetic loci for obesity. Here we aimed to discover additional obesity loci in extremely obese children and adolescents. We also investigated if these results generalize by estimating the effects of these obesity loci in adults and in population-based samples including both children and adults. We jointly analysed two GWAS of 2,258 individuals and followed-up the best, according to lowest p-values, 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 21 genomic regions in 3,141 individuals. After this DISCOVERY step, we explored if the findings derived from the extremely obese children and adolescents (10 SNPs from 5 genomic regions) generalized to (i) the population level and (ii) to adults by genotyping another 31,182 individuals (GENERALIZATION step). Apart from previously identified FTO, MC4R, and TMEM18, we detected two new loci for obesity: one in SDCCAG8 (serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8 gene; p = 1.85610 x 10(-8) in the DISCOVERY step) and one between TNKS (tankyrase, TRF1-interacting ankyrin-related ADP-ribose polymerase gene) and MSRA (methionine sulfoxide reductase A gene; p = 4.84 x 10(-7)), the latter finding being limited to children and adolescents as demonstrated in the GENERALIZATION step. The odds ratios for early-onset obesity were estimated at similar to 1.10 per risk allele for both loci. Interestingly, the TNKS/MSRA locus has recently been found to be associated with adult waist circumference. In summary, we have completed a meta-analysis of two GWAS which both focus on extremely obese children and adolescents and replicated our findings in a large followed-up data set. We observed that genetic variants in or near FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, SDCCAG8, and TNKS/MSRA were robustly associated with early-onset obesity. We conclude that the currently known major common variants related to obesity overlap to a substantial degree between children and adults

Borrelia burgdorferi BBK32 Inhibits the Classical Pathway by Blocking Activation of the C1 Complement Complex

Citation: Garcia, B. L., Zhi, H., Wager, B., Hook, M., & Skare, J. T. (2016). Borrelia burgdorferi BBK32 Inhibits the Classical Pathway by Blocking Activation of the C1 Complement Complex. Plos Pathogens, 12(1), 28. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005404Pathogens that traffic in blood, lymphatics, or interstitial fluids must adopt strategies to evade innate immune defenses, notably the complement system. Through recruitment of host regulators of complement to their surface, many pathogens are able to escape complement-mediated attack. The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, produces a number of surface proteins that bind to factor H related molecules, which function as the dominant negative regulator of the alternative pathway of complement. Relatively less is known about how B. burgdorferi evades the classical pathway of complement despite the observation that some sensu lato strains are sensitive to classical pathway activation. Here we report that the borrelial lipoprotein BBK32 potently and specifically inhibits the classical pathway by binding with high affinity to the initiating C1 complex of complement. In addition, B. burgdorferi cells that produce BBK32 on their surface bind to both C1 and C1r and a serum sensitive derivative of B. burgdorferi is protected from killing via the classical pathway in a BBK32-dependent manner. Subsequent biochemical and biophysical approaches localized the anti-complement activity of BBK32 to its globular C-terminal domain. Mechanistic studies reveal that BBK32 acts by entrapping C1 in its zymogen form by binding and inhibiting the C1 subcomponent, C1r, which serves as the initiating serine protease of the classical pathway. To our knowledge this is the first report of a spirochetal protein acting as a direct inhibitor of the classical pathway and is the only example of a biomolecule capable of specifically and noncovalently inhibiting C1/C1r. By identifying a unique mode of complement evasion this study greatly enhances our understanding of how pathogens subvert and potentially manipulate host innate immune systems

A unified model for BAM function that takes into account type Vc secretion and species differences in BAM composition

Transmembrane proteins in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria are almost exclusively β-barrels. They are inserted into the outer membrane by a conserved and essential protein complex called the BAM (for β-barrel assembly machinery). In this commentary, we summarize current research into the mechanism of this protein complex and how it relates to type V secretion. Type V secretion systems are autotransporters that all contain a β-barrel transmembrane domain inserted by BAM. In type Vc systems, this domain is a homotrimer. We argue that none of the current models are sufficient to explain BAM function particularly regarding type Vc secretion. We also find that current models based on the well-studied model system Escherichia coli mostly ignore the pronounced differences in BAM composition between different bacterial species. We propose a more holistic view on how all OMPs, including autotransporters, are incorporated into the lipid bilayer

SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION OIL EXPLORATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE IN OGONI, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT The commencement of oil exploration activities by shell in Ogoni land have generated economic and socio-political problems which have impacted negatively on their communities. Against this background, the study examined the changes that have occurred in the community since the advent of Shell in Ogoni land. This study utilized the combination of Modernization and Dependency theories to explain the activities of shell oil exploration and economic development of the Ogoni community. The study was conducted in six component compounds of Ogoni Local Government Area of Rivers state. Both quantitative and qualitative instruments were used to collect and analyse data.The findings show that the effects of shell operations have been experienced in every nook and cranny of Ogoni land. There was no job security for Ogoni people employed by shell because most of them where casual labourers whose services could be terminated without notice. The socio-economic and political lives of the people were affected negatively by shell oil exploration activities.The study concluded that shell oil exploration destroyed the Ogoni environment without any alternative economic means of livelihood provided to the teaming unemployed youths. It recommends that shell need to partner with its host communities in economic empowerment that promotes sustainable development and peace

The facts and the lessons of Listowel : a study of the factors relating to the collapse of Listowel arena and the lessons to be drawn from the tragedy in the interests of public safety

The paper presents a study of the factors relating to the collapse of the Listowel hockey arena of 28 February 1959, in which nearly the entire roof of the 110 by 240 ft building fell in, resulting in eight deaths. The snow on the barrel-shaped roof was heavy along one side only. The main roof members were glued-laminated bow-string trusses of 110 ft span supported by rather high and slender masonry walls. An inquest revealed, as the main factors in the failure, the absence of engineering or architectural supervision during construction and poor workmanship in the glued-laminated truss chords. A number of lessons can be drawn from the tragedy relating to the preparation of plans for public assembly buildings by a registered professional architect or engineer, the approval of plans by a municipal or perhaps a higher authority, the use of building codes, and the examination of existing buildings.On \ue9tudie dans cet article les facteurs li\ue9s \ue0 l' effondrement de l'ar\ue8ne de hockey de Listowel le 28 f\ue9vrier 1959. Lors de cet accident la presque totalit\ue9 de la toiture de l'ar\ue8ne mesurant 110 pieds par 240 pieds s'est effondr\ue9e et a tu\ue9 huit personnes. La neige qui se trouvait sur le toit bomb\ue9 n'\ue9tait \ue9paisse que d'un c\uf4t\ue9. Les principales poutres du toit \ue9taient compos\ue9es d'\ue9l\ue9ments lamin\ue9s en forme d'arc et coll\ue9s et elles avaient une envergure de 110 pieds soutenue par des murs de maconnerie \ue9 lev\ue9s et peu \ue9pais. L'enqu\ueate a r\ue9v\ue9l\ue9 comme principaux facteurs de l'accident l'absence d'un contr\uf4le technique ou architectural durant la construction et un mauvais travail dans l'assemblage des \ue9l\ue9ments lamin\ue9s. On peut tirer un certain nombre de lecons de cette trag\ue9die. On peut par exemple dire que la pr\ue9paration des plans des b\ue2timents devant servir \ue0 des r\ue9unions publiques doit \ueatre effectu\ue9e par des architectes ou des ing\ue9nieurs qualifi\ue9s; les plans doivent \ueatre approuv\ue9s par une autorit\ue9 municipale ou peut-\uea tre une autorit\ue9 \ue0 un \ue9chelon plus \ue9lev\ue9; des codes du b\ue2timent doivent \ueatre utilis\ue9s; on doit se renseigner sur les b\ue2timents qui existent d\ue9j\ue0.Peer reviewed: NoNRC publication: Ye

Static and dynamic magnetization investigation in permalloy electrodeposited onto high resistive N-type silicon substrates

The present study reports on the development of permalloy thin films obtained by electrodeposition onto low-doped n-type silicon substrates. While changing from non-percolated clusters into percolated thin films upon increasing the electrodeposition time, the static and dynamic magnetic properties of the as-obtained structures were investigated. We found the experimental magnetic results to be in very good agreement with the simulations performed by solving the Landau-Lifshitz for the dynamics of the magnetic moment. For short electrodeposition times we found the static and dynamic magnetization behavior of the as-formed nanoclusters evidencing vortex magnetization with random chirality and polarization, which is explained in terms of dipolar interaction minimization. Indeed, it is herein emphasized that recent applications of ferromagnetic materials in silicon-based spintronic devices, such as logic and bipolar magnetic transistors and magnetic memories, have revived the possible utilization of low cost and simple electrodeposition techniques for the development of these upcoming hetero-nanostructured devices

Static and dynamic magnetization investigation in permalloy electrodeposited onto high resistive N-type silicon substrates

The present study reports on the development of permalloy thin films obtained by electrodeposition onto low-doped n-type silicon substrates. While changing from non-percolated clusters into percolated thin films upon increasing the electrodeposition time, the static and dynamic magnetic properties of the as-obtained structures were investigated. We found the experimental magnetic results to be in very good agreement with the simulations performed by solving the Landau-Lifshitz for the dynamics of the magnetic moment. For short electrodeposition times we found the static and dynamic magnetization behavior of the as-formed nanoclusters evidencing vortex magnetization with random chirality and polarization, which is explained in terms of dipolar interaction minimization. Indeed, it is herein emphasized that recent applications of ferromagnetic materials in silicon-based spintronic devices, such as logic and bipolar magnetic transistors and magnetic memories, have revived the possible utilization of low cost and simple electrodeposition techniques for the development of these upcoming hetero-nanostructured devices